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1. (a) (i) The plant tissue cannot carry out photosynthesis / produce its own
sugar,
so it needs an external supply for sugar for respiration to release energy
and as raw material for growth
Effective communication (C)
(ii) The genetic make-up of the daughter plants was the same as that of the
parent plant
because the daughter plants were formed by mitosis of the parent tissues
cells.
(ii) Because when producing movements, one muscle contracts, the other relaxes
/ the contraction of M bends the arm and that of N extends the arm.
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1. (c) (i) (1) 40 mg per 100cm3 of blood
(2) 65 mg per 100cm3 of blood
(ii) In the healthy person, the initial rise in blood glucose level stimulates the
secretion of insulin
by the pancreas
while there is no / less insulin secretion in the diabetic person.
Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver /
uptake of glucose by body cells,
So the increase of blood glucose level in the healthy person is smaller.
Effective communication (C)
(iii) Since the 36 th minute, the blood glucose level of the diabetic person is higher
than the upper limit for complete reabsorption of glucose,
so glucose is present in the filtrate / urine in the collecting duct.
The water potential of the filtrate / urine is lowered by the glucose
present,
Thus the reabsorption of water is reduced
and a larger volume of urine would be produced.
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2. (a) (i) It forms a physical barrier
to prevent sperms from meeting the ovum.
(iv) Title.
Drawing including cell outline.
Two chromosomes shown, i.e. haploid, chromosomes as single thread.
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(2) Atmospheric oxygen dissolves into the water film on the moss leaf
and then diffuses in
through the entire surface of the leaf.
OR
At night, moss cells carry out respiration only and thus lower the
oxygen concentration in the cells.
Atmospheric oxygen dissolves into the water film on the moss leaf
and diffuses into the leaf.
(ii) Because the patient suffers from excessive loss of minerals / water /
dehydration
(iv) Cooking the food thoroughly is to kill the microorganisms in the food.
The shorter the time for the food to be left at room temperature, the
less the microorganisms can grow in the food.
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(3) Value x is larger than value y.
This indicates that there is a net gain of water by the plant.
The water gained is essential for various life processes, e.g.
formation of new cells, photosynthesis, support, cellular
metabolism, etc.
Effective communication (C)
(iv) Bat B produces a larger amount of faeces per day than bat C
because bat B feeds on plants which contains more indigestible
material / bat C feeds on blood which contains less indigestible
material.
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3. (c) (i) (1) Mutation is a sudden change in the genetic materials
(2) A mutation may lead to the synthesis of new protein / failure to synthesis a
certain protein.
Since proteins may be enzymes or may have other function in the
cell,
absence / change of the original protein will result in a change in
the metabolic activities of cells.
(ii) Individual 3 / 6 is normal, so she / he must have received at least one allele
for normal fingers from either of her / his parents (individual 1 or 2).
Individual 1 and 2 have short fingers, so each of them must carry at
least one allele for short fingers.
Thus, at least one of the individual 1 and 2 is heterozygous.
In the heterozygous condition, only the dominant character is shown.
Thus, short finger is the dominant character.
Effective communication (C)
Gamete f f
Offsprings ff
All offsprings have normal fingers
(ii) C, E and F
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so they are damaged / become fewer in number.
4. (b) (i) The blood pressure in the vein is much lower than that in the artery.
Reasons:
The blood in the artery is directly under the pumping action of the
heart, while that in the vein is not.
The blood in the vein has overcome great friction / resistance after
traveling over a long distance.
There is a loss of fluid from the blood during the formation of tissue
fluid.
(iii) The volume of blood flow through each section of the circulation per unit
time is the same.
From the capillary to the vein, the total cross-sectional area decreases,
so the velocity of blood flow increases.
OR
Contraction of skeletal muscle adjacent to the vein helps to force the
blood to flow / inspiration helps to draw blood toward the thorax.
At the same time, valves are present in the veins to prevent the
backflow of the blood.
(iv) Title.
Shape of the curve showing the drop in O2 content at the capillary.
Correct axis labels: oxygen content, heart-heart / artery–vein / aorta–
vena cava / arteriole-venule
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Change in oxygen content of the blood in its circulation between the heart and the leg
4. (c) (i) From 20oC to 60oC, the rate of coagulation of milk by ginger juice increases
with increasing temperature.
From 80oC to 100oC, the rate of coagulation decreases as temperature
increases.
The rate of coagulation is highest at 60oC – 80oC / is very low at 20oC
and 10oC.
Effective communication (C)