LEGAL NAME TRADING NAME ADDRESS

9251-1559 QUEBEC INC. Societe de commerce international Tameza Inc. 2348, Jean Talon est Montreal Qc CP H2E1H7 Canada

PHONE E-MAIL

514 509 8775 luista205@gmail.com Corporation

FAX

FORM OF COMPANY

START DATE PLANNED FIRST YEAR END LAST INTERIM STATEMENT INDUSTRY SECTOR NAICS CODE % OF SALES THAT GO TO EXPORT

5%

A1

PROJECTED SALES ACTIVITIES

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Dec-12

Dec-13

Dec-14

Jan-00 $0

Jan-00 $306,500

Jan-00 $258,000

Jan-00

TOTAL SALES ($) SALES ACTIVITIES (%)

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

0 0 0 0 0
ASSUMPTIONS REGARDING SALES

A2

PROJECTED

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Dec-12 Opening Inventory Material Purchases Freight & Duty Other Closing Inventory (-) Total Material Costs ($) Direct Labour Wages Repairs & Maintenance Services / utilities Depreciation Overhead Other
TOTAL COST OF SALES ($) COST OF SALES (%)

Dec-13

Dec-14

Jan-00

$0

$0

$0

$0

Jan-00 $0 111,890 0 0 0 $111,890 12 -

Jan-00 $0 181,000

Jan-00

$181,000 24 $181,024

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$111,902

$0

Opening Inventory Material Purchases Freight & Duty Other Closing Inventory (-) Total Material Costs (%) Direct Labour Wages Repairs & Maintenance Services / utilities Depreciation Overhead Other
TOTAL COST OF SALES (%) ASSUMPTIONS REGARDING COST OF SALES

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%

0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

A3

PROJECTED

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Dec-12 Selling Salaries Traveling Advertising Shipping & Delivery Depreciation Other Total Sales Expenses ($) Management Salaries Office Salaries Professional Fees Telecommunication Depreciation Office Expenses Insurance & Taxes Bank Charges Interest on L.T.D. Bad Debts Other Total Admin. Expenses ($) Research & Development ($)
TOTAL EXPENSES ($)

Dec-13

Dec-14

Jan-00

Jan-00 $0 250 1,000

Jan-00 $0

Jan-00

1,000

$0

$0

$0

$0

$1,250 21,120 384 6,600

$1,000 21,120

$0

384 6,600

$0 $0

$0 $0

$0 $0

$0 $0

$28,104 $29,354

$28,104 $29,104

$0 $0

A4

EXPENSES (%)

Selling Salaries Traveling Advertising Shipping & Delivery Depreciation Other Total Sales Expenses (%) Management Salaries Office Salaries Professional Fees Telecommunication Depreciation Office Expenses Insurance & Taxes Bank Charges Interest on L.T.D. Bad Debts Other Total Admin Expenses (%) Research & Development (%)
TOTAL EXPENSES (%) ASSUMPTIONS REGARDING EXPENSES

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 3.4% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3% 71.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 0.0% 22.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.4% 0.0% 0.0% 3.4% 72.6% 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 0.0% 22.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0%

100.0%

100.0%

A5

PROJECTED

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Total Sales Total Cost of Sales Gross Profit Sales Expenses Admin Expenses R&D Total Expenses
OPERATING PROFIT

Dec-12 $0 0 $0 $0 0 0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Dec-13 $0 0 $0 $0 0 0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Dec-14 $0 0 $0 $0 0 0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Jan-00 $0 0 $0 $0 0 0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Jan-00 $0 111,902 -$111,902 $1,250 28,104 0 $29,354 -$141,256 $0 -$141,256

Jan-00 $0 181,024 -$181,024 $1,000 28,104 0 $29,104 -$210,128 $0 -$210,128

Jan-00 $0 0 $0 $0 0 0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Other Income Non Operating Items Profit Before Taxes Currrent Income Tax Deferred Taxes Net Profit Depreciation Non-Cash Items Dividends
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATIONS

$0 $0 $0

$0 $0 $0

$0 $0 $0

$0 $0 $0

-$141,256 $0 -$141,256

-$210,128 $0 -$210,128

$0 $0 $0

NOTES TO INCOME STATEMENT

A6

PROJECTED Dec-12
ASSETS Cash Accounts Receivable -- Trade Accounts Receivable -- Other Inventory Prepaid Expenses Other Current Assets Land Building Furniture & Fixtures Equipment & Machinery Other Net Fixed Assets Research & Development Other Assets Other Assets
TOTAL ASSETS

$5,000

$5,000 $0 0 0 1,500 $1,500 $0 0 $0 $6,500

LIABILITIES Bank Loan Accounts Payable Accruals Current Portion of L.T.D. Income Taxes Payable Other Current Liabilities Term Debt Sharehoders' Advances Other Long-Term Liabilities Common Shares Preferred Shares Retained Earnings Contributed Surplus
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY LIABILITIES + S/H EQUITY

$0 0 0 0 0 0 $0 5000 1,500 6,500

0 $6,500

A7

BALANCE SHEET (CON'T)

2012
ASSETS Cash Accounts Receivable -- Trade Accounts Receivable -- Other Inventory Prepaid Expenses Other Current Assets Land Building Furniture & Fixtures Equipment & Machinery Other Net Fixed Assets Research & Development Other Assets Other Assets
TOTAL ASSETS

$5,000

$5,000

1,500 $1,500 $0 0 $0 $6,500

LIABILITIES Bank Loan Accounts Payable Accruals Current Portion of L.T.D. Income Taxes Payable Other Current Liabilities Term Debt Sharehoders' Advances Other Long-Term Liabilities Common Shares Preferred Shares Retained Earnings Contributed Surplus
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY LIABILITIES + S/H EQUITY

$0 0 0 0 0 0 $0 5000 1,500 6,500

0 $6,500

A8

BALANCE SHEET (CON'T)

2013
ASSETS Cash Accounts Receivable -- Trade Accounts Receivable -- Other Inventory Prepaid Expenses Other Current Assets Land Building Furniture & Fixtures Equipment & Machinery Other Net Fixed Assets Research & Development Other Assets Other Assets $5,000 LIABILITIES Bank Loan Accounts Payable Accruals Current Portion of L.T.D. Income Taxes Payable Other Current Liabilities Term Debt Sharehoders' Advances Other Long-Term Liabilities Common Shares Preferred Shares Retained Earnings Contributed Surplus
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

$50,000

$0 50000 1,500 51,500

1,500 $1,500 $0 0 $0 $51,500

TOTAL ASSETS

LIABILITIES + S/H EQUITY

$51,500

A9

BALANCE SHEET (CON'T)

2014
ASSETS Cash Accounts Receivable -- Trade Accounts Receivable -- Other Inventory Prepaid Expenses Other Current Assets Land Building Furniture & Fixtures Equipment & Machinery Other Net Fixed Assets Research & Development Other Assets Other Assets $25,744 LIABILITIES Bank Loan Accounts Payable Accruals Current Portion of L.T.D. Income Taxes Payable Other Current Liabilities Term Debt Sharehoders' Advances Other Long-Term Liabilities Common Shares Preferred Shares Retained Earnings Contributed Surplus
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

$25,744

$0 25744 1,200 26,944

1,200 $1,200 $0 0 $0 $26,944

TOTAL ASSETS NOTES TO BALANCE SHEET

LIABILITIES + S/H EQUITY

$26,944

A10

2013
Collection of Sales Loans/ Investments Sale of Assets Other Total Source Purchases Payment Direct Labour Wages Repairs & Maintenance Utilities & Taxes Sales Expenses Administrative Expenses Interest Repayment of the Debt Other Total Application Surplus/ (Deficit) Opening Cash Position
CASH / LOAN REQUIRED

Jan $2,500

Feb $5,000

Mar $10,000

Apr $15,000

May $20,000

Jun $25,000

77,500

$2,500 $1,750 2,100 80 0 550

$5,000 $3,500 2,100 90 0 550

$10,000 $7,000 2,100 120 0 550

$15,000 $10,500 2,100 150 0 550

$20,000 $14,000 2,100 180 0 550

$25,000 $17,500 2,100 210 0 550

54,250

$4,480 -$1,980 -$1,980 Jul $28,000 0

$6,240 -$1,240 -1,980 -$3,220 Aug $33,000

$9,770 $230 -3,220 -$2,990 Sept $36,000

$13,300 $1,700 -2,990 -$1,290 Oct $40,000

$16,830 $3,170 -1,290 $1,880 Nov $44,000

$20,360 $4,640 1,880 $6,520 Dec $48,000

2013 (con't)

Collection of Sales Loans/ Investments Sale of Assets Other Total Source Purchases Payment Direct Labour Wages Repairs & Maintenance Utilities & Taxes Sales Expenses Administrative Expenses Interest Repayment of the Debt Other Total Application Surplus/ (Deficit) Opening Cash Position
CASH / LOAN REQUIRED

229,000

28,000 19,600 2,640 250 0 1,056 550

33,000 22,110 2,640 300 0 1,056 750

36,000 24,120 2,640 320 0 1,056 750

40,000 26,800 2,640 340 0 1,056 750

44,000 29,480 2,640 360 0 1,056 750

48,000 32,160 2,640 380 0 1,056 750

24,096 3,904 6,520 $10,424

26,856 6,144 10,424 $16,568

28,886 7,114 16,568 $23,682

31,586 8,414 23,682 $32,096

34,286 9,714 32,096 $41,810

36,986 11,014 41,810 $52,824

A11

CASH FLOW (CON'T)

2014
Collection of Sales Loans/ Investments Sale of Assets Other Total Source Purchases Payment Direct Labour Wages Repairs & Maintenance Utilities & Taxes Sales Expenses Administrative Expenses Interest Repayment of the Debt Other Total Application Surplus/ (Deficit) Opening Cash Position
CASH / LOAN REQUIRED

Jan $60,000

Feb $65,000

Mar $70,000

Apr $75,000

May $75,000

Jun $75,000

$60,000 $40,200 2,640 420 0 2,100 750 0 0 0 $46,110 $13,890 52,824 $66,714 Jul $80,000

$65,000 $43,550 2,640 450 0 2,100 750 0 0 0 $49,490 $15,510 66,714 $82,224 Aug $80,000

$70,000 $46,900 2,640 480 0 2,100 750 0 0 0 $52,870 $17,130 82,224 $99,354 Sept $80,000

$75,000 $50,250 2,640 520 0 2,100 750 0 0 0 $56,260 $18,740 99,354 $118,094 Oct $80,000

$75,000 $50,250 2,640 600 0 2,100 750 0 0 0 $56,340 $18,660 118,094 $136,754 Nov $90,000

$75,000 $50,250 2,640 620 0 2,100 750 0 0 0 $56,360 $18,640 136,754 $155,394 Dec $95,000

281,400

2014 (con't)

Collection of Sales Loans/ Investments Sale of Assets Other Total Source Purchases Payment Direct Labour Wages Repairs & Maintenance Utilities & Taxes Sales Expenses Administrative Expenses Interest Repayment of the Debt Other Total Application Surplus/ (Deficit) Opening Cash Position
CASH / LOAN REQUIRED

$80,000 $53,600 3,168 700 0 3,150 1,900

$80,000 $53,600 3,168 750 0 3,150 1,900

$80,000 $53,600 3,168 780 0 3,150 1,900

$80,000 $53,600 3,168 820 0 3,150 1,900

$90,000 $60,300 3,168 860 0 3,150 1,900

$95,000 $63,650 3,168 900 0 3,150 1,900

$62,518 $17,482 155,394 $172,876

$62,568 $17,432 172,876 $190,308

$62,598 $17,402 190,308 $207,710

$62,638 $17,362 207,710 $225,072

$69,378 $20,622 225,072 $245,694

$72,768 $22,232 245,694 $267,926

A12

NOTES TO CASH FLOW

The last sale of $95.000 is coming from: $ 95.000/30dias=$ 3.166 per day-- This means we'll tray to have unos 105 clientes de 30 dolares each o 52 clients of 60 dollars each To get 105 clients per day means that we will need 3150 to get our goal of $ 95.000.00 CAD buying just once in a month, or 1575 clients buying $ 60 CAD per month. For getting this clientele we shoul get 2-3 clients per day.

A13

2012
Land Building Equipment & Machinery Furniture & Fixtures Research & Development Total Assets Working Capital $0 0 0 0 0 $0

2013
$0 0 1,500 0 0 $1,500 $50,000

Total Others Existing Loan 1 Creditor Purpose Type Collateral Outstanding Maturity Date Interest Rate Repayment Existing Loan 2 Creditor Purpose Type Collateral Outstanding Maturity Date Interest Rate Repayment 0

$0

$50,000

$0

$0

A14

Existing Loan 3 Creditor Purpose Type Collateral Outstanding Maturity Date Interest Rate Repayment 2 $0

NOTES REGARDING FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS

A15

PROJECTED

0.00

Current Ratio Age of Accounts Receivable Inventory Turnover (times) Interest Coverage Total Debt to Equity (%) Return on Investment (%) Return on Assets (%) Asset Turnover (times) Cash Flow Coverage

Dec-12 -

Dec-13 -

NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

A16

DIRECTOR / BACKER N 1
LAST NAME FIRST NAME & INITIALS ADDRESS

TELEPHONE: WORK E-MAIL

HOME

DATE OF BIRTH (if less than 3 years at present one)

PRESENT EMPLOYER EMPLOYER'S TELEPHONE HOW LONG IN CURRENT JOB? SALARY

PREVIOUS EMPLOYER TELEPHONE HOW LONG? SALARY

FAMILY
YOUR STATUS N OF DEPENDENTS SPOUSE'S LAST NAME FIRST NAME DATE OF BIRTH OCCUPATION

(excluding spouse)
SPOUSE'S EMPLOYER TELEPHONE HOW LONG? SALARY SOURCE OF INCOME ANNUAL AMOUNT COMMENTS

FINANCIAL STATUS

$0 $0 $0 $0
ASSETS Cash RRSP Life Insurance (cash value) Real Estate (present value) Automobiles Stocks, bonds, etc. ($ value) Household & Personal Effects LIABILITIES

Total Assets

$56,666 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $56,666

Bank Loans (owing) Credit Cards Mortgages, etc.

Total Liabilities

$0 0 0 0 0 $0

NET WORTH

$56,666

A17

DIRECTOR / BACKER N 2
LAST NAME FIRST NAME & INITIALS ADDRESS

TELEPHONE: WORK E-MAIL

HOME

DATE OF BIRTH (if less than 3 years at present one)

PRESENT EMPLOYER EMPLOYER'S TELEPHONE HOW LONG IN CURRENT JOB? SALARY

PREVIOUS EMPLOYER TELEPHONE HOW LONG? SALARY

FAMILY
YOUR STATUS N OF DEPENDENTS SPOUSE'S LAST NAME FIRST NAME DATE OF BIRTH OCCUPATION

(excluding spouse)
SPOUSE'S EMPLOYER TELEPHONE HOW LONG? SALARY SOURCE OF INCOME ANNUAL AMOUNT COMMENTS

FINANCIAL STATUS

$0 $0 $0 $0
ASSETS Cash RRSP Life Insurance (cash value) Real Estate (present value) Automobiles Stocks, bonds, etc. ($ value) Household & Personal Effects LIABILITIES

Total Assets

$0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0

Bank Loans (owing) Credit Cards Mortgages, etc.

Total Liabilities

$0 0 0 0 0 $0

NET WORTH

$0

A18

DIRECTOR / BACKER N 3
LAST NAME FIRST NAME & INITIALS ADDRESS

TELEPHONE: WORK E-MAIL

HOME

DATE OF BIRTH (if less than 3 years at present one)

PRESENT EMPLOYER EMPLOYER'S TELEPHONE HOW LONG IN CURRENT JOB? SALARY

PREVIOUS EMPLOYER TELEPHONE HOW LONG? SALARY

FAMILY
YOUR STATUS N OF DEPENDENTS SPOUSE'S LAST NAME FIRST NAME DATE OF BIRTH OCCUPATION

(excluding spouse)
SPOUSE'S EMPLOYER TELEPHONE HOW LONG? SALARY SOURCE OF INCOME ANNUAL AMOUNT COMMENTS

FINANCIAL STATUS

$0 $0 $0 $0
ASSETS Cash RRSP Life Insurance (cash value) Real Estate (present value) Automobiles Stocks, bonds, etc. ($ value) Household & Personal Effects LIABILITIES

Total Assets

$0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0

Bank Loans (owing) Credit Cards Mortgages, etc.

Total Liabilities

$0 0 0 0 0 $0

NET WORTH

$0

END OF SECTION 7. PLEASE PRINT THIS DOCUMENT AND INCLUDE IT IN THE APPENDIX OF THE BUSINESS PLAN A19

[ ACCOUNTS PAYABLE]

Amounts owed by a business to its suppliers, usually as a result of credit purchases for inventory or services, other expenses (i.e. utilities), or taxes.
[ ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE]

Amounts owed to you by your customers (under A/R Trade) or other entities (under Other).
[ ACCRUALS]

Amounts due to employees but not yet disbursed, sales tax collected but not yet sent on, etc.
[ ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES]

Operating costs incurred in the normal course of running a business, such as telephone, management and office salaries, professional fees, property taxes, etc.
[ AGE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE]

Financial ratio defined as 365 days divided by the accounts receivable turnover. To determine the latter, divide net credit sales by average accounts receivable. Compute average accounts receivable by adding opening and ending accounts receivable, divide the result by 2 This ratio shows how fast a business is collecting from its customers. The higher the number, the longer it takes the business to receive payment, translating into a possible lack of working capital.
[ ASSET]

Anything owned by a person or a business that has commercial or exchange value. Assets may be tangible or intangible and may include accounts and notes receivable, cash, inventory, equipment, real estate, goodwill, etc.
[ ASSET TURNOVER]

Financial ratio defined as Sales divided by Total assets. It measures the business' use of assets to generate income, more specifically the level of capital investment relative to its sales volume. The higher the turnover, the more efficiently the business is managing its assets.

[ BALANCE SHEET]

Financial statement listing all assets, liabilities and equity of a business at a certain point in time. It provides a quick "snapshot" of a business.
[ BOOK VALUE]

Value of an asset as shown on the balance sheet. The book value takes into account depreciation and is often different from its market value.
[ BREAK-EVEN POINT]

The point in time at which a new business revenues (dollar volume of sales) equals its fixed and variable expenses.
[ BUDGET]

An estimate of future income and expenses over an accounting period (quarterly, yearly, etc.) used as a financial control for business.
[ BUSINESS FINANCING PLAN ]

An outline of the business goals, the purposes of its loans, and the benefits to the business resulting from the loans. It can also include summaries of historical, market and other data.

[ CAPITAL ]

The owner's equity in the business. It can take the form of the proprietor's or partners' capital, or, if incorporated, that of common stock, preferred shares and retained earnings.
[ CASH FLOW BUDGET ]

A spreadsheet of monthly inflows (e.g., earnings) and outflows (e.g., expenses) of cash in the business during an accounting period, usually 1 year. It helps a business plan its financial requirements.
[ CLOSING INVENTORY ]

Value of the total inventory or the number of units that a business has on hand at the end of the accounting period.
[ COGS ]

Abbreviated form of Cost of Goods Sold, also called Cost of Sales

[ CONTRIBUTED SURPLUS ]

Any capital contributed to a business other than through the issue of shares. It includes share redemption, donation from a shareholder, certain dividend transactions.
[ CORPORATION ]

Legal entity incorporated under federal or provincial legislation. This entity is distinct from parties or individuals that own it. Shareholders are not liable for debts or obligations of the corporation.
[ COST OF SALES ] / [ COST OF GOODS SOLD ]

Abbreviated as COGS, also called cost of sales. Direct cost of producing or providing the business' goods or services. It includes direct labour costs and production overhead plus opening inventory plus purchases less closing inventory.
[ CURRENT ASSETS ]

Cash and other assets that, in the normal course of operations, may be converted into cash, or consumed into the production of income within one year from the date of the Balance Sheet. They include cash, accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory and prepaid expenses.
[ CURRENT INCOME TAX ]

Taxes on the income earned by your company that is payable within the next twelve months.
[ CURRENT LIABILITIES ]

Outstanding debts of the business that are payable within one year of the date of the Balance Sheet. They include a credit line, accounts payable, accruals (ex. sales tax collected), income tax and current portion of the long term debt.
[ CURRENT PORTION OF LONG-TERM DEBT ]

How much you will pay back on your loan (principal, not including interest) this fiscal year
[ CURRENT RATIO ]

Financial ratio defined as Currents assets divided by Current liabilities that measures the business' ability to meet its current obligations on time and to have funds available for its current operations.

[ DEPRECIATION ]

The decline of the value of equipment or other assets over time. Your accountant can help you choose the right method for the type of asset.

[ DEFERRED TAXES ]

Taxes that will not be paid until a later date. If a company uses a separate accounting method when calculating taxes, any difference between the two methods will be indicated here.
[ DISBURSEMENTS ]

Funds paid out of a business in settlement of obligations.

[ DIVIDENDS ]

Company earnings that are paid to stockholders

[ DRAWINGS ]

Withdrawals of assets (usually cash) from a business by a sole proprietor or a partner.

[ EQUIPMENT ]

All machinery and equipment used by the business to earn revenue. It has a limited lifespan and thus is subject to depreciation.

[ FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ]

Formal reports, prepared from accounting records, describing the financial position and performance of the business. They comprise the Balance Sheet, the Income Statement, the Statement of Changes in Financial Position. See also these definitions.
[ FIXED ASSETS ]

Also called capital assets. Property or equipment, not intended to be sold, owned by a business for use in its operations and expected to have a useful life of several fiscal periods. Included in this are land, buildings, vehicles, furniture and equipment.
[ FIXED COSTS ]

Amounts that do not vary with changes in the volume of sales or production (i.e. rent, depreciation, interest payments).
[ FORECAST ]

Estimate or prediction of future sales, expenditures, profits, etc

[ FREIGHT & OTHER DUTY ]

Under Cost of Goods Sold, these represent the amounts paid to transport goods from your suppliers

[ GROSS PROFIT ]

Net Sales less Cost of Goods Sold. It represents the profit made by the business before deducting selling, administrative and financial expenses. It helps to evaluate sales performance, buying policies, mark-ups, and inventory controls.

[ INCOME STATEMENT ]

Financial statement showing revenues, expenses and net income of a business over an accounting period.
[ INCORPORATION ]

Legal process of bringing a company into existence by filing appropriate documentation with federal or provincial legislation.
[ INTANGIBLE ASSETS ]

Assets that cannot be touched, weighed or measured. They cannot be used for payments of debts and include goodwill (probability that a regular customer will remain so), patent, trademark, incorporations costs. They may produce income and can be sold, that is why they are listed under assets.
[ INTEREST COVERAGE RATIO ]

Financial ratio defined as Income before interest and taxes divided by Interest expense. It reflects the number of times business income cover interest expenses and represents a safety margin for the business.
[ INVENTORY ]

Dollar value (cost or market, whichever is lower) of all stock of physical items that a business uses in its production process or has for sale.
[ INVENTORY TURNOVER ]

Financial ratio defined as Cost of goods sold divided by Average inventory. Compute average inventory by adding opening and ending inventory, divide the result by 2. It measures the number of times inventory has been sold in a given year. If it is low, it means that products are not selling well.

[ LABOUR EXPENSES ]

Total direct cost to the business for its employees during an accounting period. Includes actual wages paid and cost of all fringe benefits, unless listed separately.
[ LEASE ]

Legal contract covering the use of property drawn up between an owner (lessor) and a tenant (lessee) for a stated amount of money (rent) and for a specified length of time.
[ LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS ]

Renovations and other improvements done to the leased property at the expense of the lessee.
[ LIABILITIES ]

Amounts owed by the business to its creditors, not necessarily to be paid immediately. An obligation to remit money or services at a future date, ex. accounts payable, loans.
[ LINE OF CREDIT ]

Agreement between a lender and a borrower under which the latter can borrow continuously up to a fixed maximum amount.
[ LONG-TERM LIABILITIES ]

Outstanding term loans less the current portion (see definition of Current Liabilities) that are not due within the next 12 months.

[ MARKET ]

A group of consumers that can be described in a specific way (e.g., men aged 25 to 35 with an annual income of over $40,000 and living in the Toronto area.)
[ MATERIAL PURCHASES ]

Under your Cost Of Sales, all goods that you buy that are directly related to producing your goods or services.
[ MARKET SEGMENT ]

Part of a market (e.g., men aged 25 to 35 with an annual income of over $40,000 who live in the Toronto area and are interested in the arts)

[ NAICS CODE ]

North American Industry Classification System -- a standardized system of 6-digit codes to identify industries in Canada, the U.S., and Mexico. It replaces the old 4-digit SIC.
[ NET PROFIT ]

Excess of all revenues over all expenses during the same accounting period.
[ NET PROFIT MARGIN ]

Net profit divided by sales; expressed as a percentage

[ NICHE ]

Part of a market segment (e.g., men aged 25 to 35 with an annual income of over $40,000 who live in the Toronto area and are interested specifically in performance arts)
[ NON-OPERATING ITEMS ]

Income or expenses that are not part of your companys day to day operations, such as interest earned on investments.

[ OPENING INVENTORY ]

Value of total inventory or number of units a business has on hand at the opening of the accounting period.
[ OPERATING FORECAST ]

Anticipated earnings of a business determined by estimating sales and subtracting expected expenses.
[ OPERATING PROFIT (ALSO OPERATING INCOME)

Excess of revenue of a business over its expenses, excluding income derived from sources other than its regular activities, i.e. extraordinary income and expenses, income taxes, dividends, bonuses, withdrawals by owners.
[ OVERHEAD ]

Costs not directly attributable to the production of a good, ex. salary of factory manager, property taxes.

[ PARTNERSHIP ]

Form of business ownership in which two or more individuals (or companies) provide the equity capital for a business enterprise. Partners share in the profits as well as the losses of the business.
[ PREPAID EXPENSES ]

Expenses paid in advance during an accounting period (ex. a two-year insurance premium), part of which will be "used up" in the upcoming accounting period. The unused portion of the expense is considered a current asset and recorded as such on the Balance Sheet.
[ PROFESSIONAL FEES ]

Fees paid for professional services (for example, accountants, lawyers, or consultants).
[ PROFIT ]

Total revenue less total expenses for an accounting period calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
[ PUBLIC SERVICES ]

Costs for services typically provided by public corporations, such as electricity, water, and gas.

[ RATIO ANALYSIS ]

Analysis that compares financial ratios of a business from one year to another to determine the change in performance over time; it also compares financial ratios of a business to that of other similar businesses or to that of its industry to determine its performance in relation to others.
[ REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE ]

Costs related to the upkeep of your equipment. You can estimate this from historical data, use a percentage of equipment cost, or use life cycle data or outsourced maintenance contract costs
[ RETAINED EARNINGS ]

Profits not spent or distributed among owners of a business but reinvested in it.
[ RETURN ON ASSETS ]

Financial ratio defined as Net income plus Interest expense (net of tax) divided by Total assets. It indicates how efficiently the business has used its available resources to generate income
[ RETURN ON INVESTMENT ]

Financial ratio defined as Net income after taxes divided by Average shareholders' equity. Compute the latter by adding opening and ending balances, divide the result by 2. It measures the profitability of the business for its shareholders.
[ REVENUE ]

Gross proceeds received by a business from the sale of goods or services during an accounting period. It also includes gains from the sale or exchange of assets, interest and dividends earned on investments and other increases in owner's equity.

[ SALARIES ]

Employees' salaries are generally listed separately from management's. It is also common practice to separate salaries that are related to production (put under Cost of Goods Sold), sales (put under Sales Expenses) and administration (put under Expenses).
[ SALES ]

Total value of goods sold or revenue from services rendered. Returns and discounts must be shown as a reduction from total sales.
[ SALES EXPENSES ]

Operating costs directly related to the selling of a product or service (selling salaries, commission, advertising, etc).
[ SERVICES & UTILITIES ]

Costs for services typically provided by public corporations, such as electricity, water, and gas.
[ SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY ]

Net assets (i.e., minus liabilities) that belong to owners of the business.
[ SHIPPING & DELIVERY ]

Under Expenses, costs related to shipping goods from your suppliers and to your clients.
[ SIC ]

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) -- a system of 4-digiet codes for identifying various industries, divised in the U.S. in the 1930s. This has been replaced by the NAICS.
[ SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP ]

Form of business owned and operated by one individual who is responsible for the debts and obligations of the business.
[ STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN FINANCIAL POSITION ]

Financial statement showing the fluctuation of capital of a business over an accounting period.

[ TERM LOAN ]

Loan having a fixed term of repayment greater the one year, and a monthly or seasonal principal reduction schedule.
[ TOTAL DEBT-TO-EQUITY RATIO ]

Financial ratio defined as Total liabilities divided by Shareholders' equity. It measures the solvency of the business: if this ratio is high, the business is at higher risk of not meeting its obligations should a drop in sales occur.

[ VARIABLE COSTS ]

Expenses that vary directly with changes in the volume of sales or production, e.g. raw material costs and sales commissions.

[ WORKING CAPITAL]

Financial ratio defined as Current assets minus Current liabilities. It represents the amount of cash a business has to develop itself as opposed to the capital it has invested in fixed assets. A high ratio means the business can convert some assets into cash or obtain cash readily to meet its current obligations and represents a safety cushion for creditors.

There are 4 different types of companies in Canada: Proprietorship Partnership Corporation Simplest form of business, which offers relatively low start-up costs and few regulations, but where you are personally responsible and all debts and obligations. Each partner shares the profits and obligations; requires a partners/shareholders A legal entity, entailing more regulations, higher startup costs, and higher taxes, but where shareholders have limited responsibility for the debts and obligations of the company A corporation controlled by its members For more about the different types of companies, see BDC's web site, startup section. The SIC / NAICS codes are used to identify your industry sector. More information can be found here.

Co-operative

Under Sales Activities , enter the products or services you will sell. (You can have up to 5 categories of products or services; many companies use only 1 or 2. This is not a product list, but a logical division of your product mix. It might help to divide them by source of revenu, product line, production methods, etc. For example, instead of 1) strawberry jam, 2) apricot jam, 3) blueberry jam, 4) peanut butter, 5) almond butter , and 6) hazlenut spread , try 1) jams and 2) nut-based products. Establish expected sales, in dollars, for the next 3 years using the strategies and activities you set in your Sales and Marketing Plan. If you are already in operations, also provide sales levels for the last 3 years; they will help you set future sales levels. Write down the implicit and explicit assumptions you have been using. For example, if your sales targets assume an increase of 20%, you would indicate that it is due to a planned promotional campaign. If you assume no new product from your competitors, include it here. This process is useful to verify that your sales levels are realistic. It may be a good idea to seek advice from your accountant when developing your business plan. Be sure to go over the plan together, as it is you, and not your accountant, who will be seeking financing and who will be explaining the plan to your banker or investor. Ensure that all of the decisions made in the previous sections appear in your financial plan. Too often, we forget that our great advertising and promotional campaigns, along with the benefits we offer employees as an incentive to stay with us, all have a cost! Historical Use your financial (audited if possible) statements to fill out this section. Totals and sub-totals are computed automatically. Assumptions Use this section to comment on and explain (give % of growth, ratios, etc.) the financial evolution of your business. Explain why things (negative or positive) have happened and their impact on your financial results. Describe from your historical data the elements on which you rely for your future projects; the bases on which you are building your future. Projected Based on your plans (sales and marketing, human resources and operating), forecast the evolution of your business over the next two years. This is where the results of your plan and actions are seen.

The assumptions you make are critical to these projected figures and it is at this level that you may have to generate different versions of your plan reflecting the different sales and costs scenarios. Totals and sub-totals computed automatically. Assumptions Your projected figures will be based on two key elements: your sales objectives and the costs of your planned activities. Some costs (e.g. purchase of equipment) and sales estimates (orders known in advance from a good client for example) can be done easily. Use real figures as much as possible. Often you will have to use hypotheses or make assumptions: - historical information (trend in revenues will continue, average annual growth rate of last five years will be used for the coming two years, etc.); - adjusted historical information: last year's growth rate + x% because market conditions have changed or because we plan to launch a new product, etc; - ratios: industry or market or company specific ratios (e.g. advertising is 3% of sales; fringe benefits and programs are 30-40% of salaries paid); - comparison: our company intends to follow the evolution of company Y; - market data: the market will grow at x%, our revenues will grow at y% ( or x% + z% because we expect to gain market shares); we expect to have a x% market share of a total $X market size. Remember that your assumptions must be relevant; evaluate their strength. These assumptions will add credibility to your numbers. Present your historical sales figures (and your projected sales) on a product (or product line) or a region (market, segment) basis. It is often easier to project sales from a 'smaller' unit (product or region) than from the larger unit (total sales). If your business is a startup, please provide the assumptions that explain your sales forecasts. For a new business, it can be easier to use a bottom-up method: determine the expected sales for each product in each region and add up these numbers. You can use the market size you established earlier to test your figures.

Also referred to as cost of goods sold (COGS) or variable costs since vary with your level of production (they increase if production and sales increase). These are the costs incurred to generate sales levels. For a goods producing business, this means material costs such as inventory and raw materials, direct labour costs (employees involved in production, for example), repair and maintenance costs for machinery (usually calculated based on a percentage of equipment cost), utilities, and so on. For a service business, this section includes costs related to personnel, utilities and taxes. You can use a constant ratio of costs/sales over time, based on past performance or industry data. This ratio tends to be quite steady over the years, but you can lower it with productivity gains -- for example. more productive machinery, a simpler layout, ISO norms, or better organization.

These are the fixed costs of running your business -- basically, everything aside from costs related to production or sales. When they increase or decrease, it is usually as a lump sum. They include management and office salaries (as opposed to direct labour costs included in the cost of goods sold), professional fees (lawyer, accountant, and the like), telecommunications, office supplies, insurance and taxes, advertising & promotion, depreciation, bank charges, interest expenses related to long term debt and bad debts incurred by your business. Factors that can affect these expenses - new machinery (impact on interest paid on long term debt) - new administrative employees - expenses related to ISO implementation - new software

You should enter other income or special expenses not included in the prior sections. From this information, and the sales, cost of goods sold and expenses entered previously, BDC Business Plan automatically computes operating profit, net profit and cash flow from operations. Depending on the results, you may want to elaborate different scenarios or change your assumptions. Save your business plan under separate names if you want to produce different scenarios from optimistic to pessimistic. Remember that these scenarios will affect the results in the Balance Sheet estimates and in the Cash Flow Budget. Based on other estimates, you should be in a position to estimate: - other income (revenues from interest, asset disposition for example) - taxes (current and deferred) using current federal and provincial rates; - depreciation expenses (based on a percentage of the asset's value) - dividends to be paid out to shareholders

Shows your business' debts and assets, long or short term. The projected balance sheet is a result of the assumptions and the situations portrayed in the Income Statement (and, consequently, of sales, COGS and expenses). It should therefore be developed when you are satisfied with the results of your Income Statement. If you are operating a new business, you can use industry ratios and adjust them according to investments in equipment (assets) and its effect on long-term debt (liabilities). -For more information on industry ratios, click here. If your business has been in operations for a few years, you can use historical ratios applied to the new projected sales figures (they usually follow a similar pattern). Obviously, new investments must be taken into account. You can also increase current assets and current liabilities (which are short-term) by the percentage of sales growth you forecast in your projected Income Statement, since they, too, often follow a similar trend and pattern.

In current liabilities, you can estimate the expected annual repayment of long term debt you intend to make. Special projects and equipment or technology expenditures should be incorporated into long term assets (net fixed assets) to reflect the long term nature of their contribution to the companys ongoing operations. Be sure to subtract the estimated accumulated amortization. For long term liabilities, take last year's balance sheet number plus the borrowing you intend to do minus the repayments in the current year. Total Assets vs. Total Liabilities On a balance sheet, these two must be the same.

A positive or a negative cash flow will determine how your business will use its loans. A positive cash flow means that your business can meet its short term obligations. A negative cash flow means that you will use short-term financing (line of credit, working capital, personal investment). A cash flow budget will allow you to foresee, month by month, how much you will need and when you will need it. This budget has to be completed on a monthly basis for the next 2 years of operations. It is important to measure the impact of your scenarios set earlier in the Income Statement on this budget. You may need to move some activities to other months to take into account seasonality of sales, necessary investments or cash disbursements. All sources of funds must be listed in the month they are expected to be received: - Collection of sales (this should follow the seasonality of sales) - Interest and revenue on loans and investments - Sale of assets (usually a lump sum) - Others (paybacks/rebates from suppliers, interests on credit terms to clients, recuperation of bad debts, etc.) This amount should be small compared to sales. All expenses must be listed in the month they are expected to be disbursed: - Purchase payments (raw materials, finished products, equipment and tools, general operating expenses) - Salaries when paid (consider number of pays in the month) - Repayment of debt (capital and interest) - Other expenses listed under Expenses. Be sure to take into account any seasonal changes, the number of employees, the timetable for purchasing raw materials and small equipment, and so on. And remember that some sales made in month X might not be paid in the same month; this is true for some expenses, depending on the credit terms you negotiate.. Annual payments (taxes for example) can be divided in twelve equal payments. A surplus allows your business to invest, purchase equipment, pay back loans or reward

shareholders; a deficit will require the use of a short-term loan or a personal investment.

In this section, you list what financing you will require and why either for purchasing assets such as land, building, equipment, or furniture, for R&D, or for short-term working capital. Assets List all long-term assets (land, equipment, etc) you intend to buy in the coming two years to achieve your sales target.You should also include shorter-term assets such as investments by shareholders, inflow of working capital, etc. Detail the financing you have secured, including the financial institution, the purpose of the loan (equipment, for example), and the type of loan (term loan, venture capital, etc). You should also give the capital left to be repaid, the maturity date, the interest rate, and your repayment schedule.

Notes

BDC Business Plan automatically computes major accounting ratios based on numbers entered on previous forms (Balance Sheets and Income Statements), You will use these results as benchmarks to compare your recent performance to the average of the last 3 years. Your banker will compare your ratios to industry average to get a clear picture of your financial plan. Visit BDC's website for more information.

Give the personal status of your companys principals (up to 3) and their families. This information allows your banker to understand you better; it also provides information on the resources you can make available to your business. For first-time entrepreneurs, this section provides information on your background and your abilities to manage your new business. Income Assets Indicate all sources and amounts and identify as regular or temporary Show balance in cash (and current account, i.e. highly liquid assets), in RRSPs, the purchase value of life insurance policies, the value of automobiles and effects such as furniture, and the book value of investments. Show balance and outstanding amounts for all loans.

Liabilities