Suggested+Solution+VGMVG LevelFyBCh20 21NVC08+Electric+&+Magnetic+Field

Suggested solution VG/MVG-LevelFyBCh20-21NVC08 Electric & Magnetic Field
NV-College
1.
An -particle and a proton move to the right in the plane of the paper, and have the same velocity upon entering a region of constant uniform magnetic field. The uniform magnetic field is normal to the plane of the motion of the particles and as illustrated in the figure below is directed into the paper and away from the reader. What is the ratio of the radii of their r circular paths, i.e. ? -particle is QP = e rP the nucleus of Helium which is made of two protons and two neutrons. Mass of -particle is Q = 2 e m = 6.6463 10 -27 kg . Mass of proton is m P = 1.6726 10 -27 kg . The unit charge is [0/3] e = 1.60 10 19 C . Suggested solution: Answer:
r m = 1.9868 rP 2m P
[0/1]
Data: v = v P v , e = 1.60 10 19 C , m = 6.6463 10 -27 kg ,

m P = 1.6726 10 -27 kg , Q = 2e = 3.20 10 19 C , Q P = e = 1.60 10 19 C r Problem: = ? rP r r r F = Qv B F = evB F = Q v B / v2 v 2 Qv B = m [0/1] r = m / v r QB FC = ma C = m r Assuming that both the -particle and the proton were originally moving at the same initial velocity in an inertial frame, i.e.: v = v P v , we may express radius of the path of proton as v v , and that of the -particle as r = m . Therefore: rP = mP eB 2e B v m r 2e B = m [0/1] = v rP 2mP mP eB r m r m 6.6463 10 -27 Answer: = 1.9868 = = 1.9868 -27 rP 2m P 2 1.6726 10 rP 2m P
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2.
An RC circuit has a resistor of resistance 25.0 k and a capacitor of capacitance 20.00 F , a battery with electro motor force 10.00 V , and a switch S . The components are connected in series as illustrated in the figure. For simplicity of the problem you may assume the internal resistance of the battery is zero. a) Find the time constant of the 25 .0 k circuit. Interpret the results. What does the time-constant mean? [1/1] b) Plot a diagram illustrating the time development of the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor as a function of time after the switch is turned on. S Indicate the time constant on 20 .00 F your graph. [0/2] 10.00 V c) Plot a diagram illustrating how the current in the circuit changes as a function of time. [0/2] d) How long does it take for the capacitor to get charged to 99% of its final voltage? [1/3] e) We connect an additional resistor of identical resistance 25.0 k in series to the circuit. Describe and illustrate on the same diagram the time development of the potential difference across the terminals of the capacitor. [0/2] f) If in the original circuit, i.e. with only one resistor of resistance 25.0 k , the capacitor is replaced by a 10.00 F capacitor, describe and illustrate on your graph the time development of the charging of the capacitor. [0/2] Suggested Solutions: Data R = 25.0 k , C = 20 .00 F = 20 .00 10 6 F , V0 = 10.00 V Problem: = ? , diagram v vs. t, I vs. t, t = ? if V (t ) = 0.01V0 ;
R = 50 .0 k = 50 .0 10 3 , C = 20 .00 F = 20 .00 10 6 F , = ? , diagram R = 25 .0 k = 25 .0 10 3 , C = 10 .00 F = 10 .00 10 6 F , = ? , diagram a) = RC = 25.0 10 3 20.00 10 6 F = 0.50 s = 500 ms [1/0] The time constant is a measure of how fast the capacitor becomes charged. It is the time required for the capacitor to reach 63 % of t 1 e RC V = V0 1 e 1 = V0 (1 0.37 ) = 0.63V0 final voltage V0 , i.e. V = V0 [0/1]
)(
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t 0.50 b) The figure below is an illustration of V = 10.001 e V t t V = V0 1 e RC V = 10.00 1 e 0.50 V
[0/2]
Charging a capacitor 12 10 8 V (volt) 6 4 2 0 0 0,5 1 1,5 t (s)

c) The current initially is I 0 =
V0 10.00 V = = 4.00 10 4 A = 0.5 mA . It 3 R 25.0 10 exponentially decreases as the capacitor gets charges and finnaly drops to zero when the capacitor is fully charged and the potential across its terminals is V0 = 10.00 V :
t 0.50 V = 10.00 1 e V
2,5
I = I 0e
t RC
I = 0 .5 e
t 0.50
mA
[0/2]
Charging a capacitor 0,00045 0,00040 0,00035 0,00030 I (A) 0,00025 0,00020 0,00015 0,00010 0,00005 0,00000 0 0,5 1 1,5 t (s) 2 2,5 3
I = 0.5 e
t 0.50
mA
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d) Answer: The capacitor is charged to 99% of its full voltage in t 2.303 s [0/1]
t t 1 e RC 0.99V0 = V0 1 e 0.50 V = V0 / / t t t 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.99V0 = V0 1 e = 0.99 e = 0.01 / / 1 e
[1/0] [0/1]
is therefore doubled: = RC = (50.0 10 3 )(20.00 10 6 F ) = 1.00 s As illustrated in the figure below it will take doubled as much time for the capacitor becomes charged. [0/2] f) If the 20.00 F capacitor in the original circuit is replaced by a capacitor of a lower capacity 10.00 F , the time constant is decreased to = RC = (25.0 10 3 )(10.00 10 6 F ) = 0.25 s The capacitor becomes charged twice faster than before. This is illustrated in the figure below. [0/2]
t [0/1] = ln (0.01) 0.50 t = 0.50 ln (0.01) s t = 2.3025 s 2.303 s Answer: The capacitor is charged to 99% of its full voltage in t 2.303 s This is evident from the figure in part B. e) If an additional resistance of identical resistance R = 25.0 k is connected in series in the circuit, the total resistance of the circuit is increased to Req = 25.0 + 25.0 k = 50.0 k , and the time constant e = 0.01 ln e
t 0.50
t 0.50
= ln (0.01)
Charging a capacitor 12 10
= 0.25 s
8 V (volt) 6 4 2 0 0 0,5 1 1,5 t (s) 2 2,5 3
= 1.00 s
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3.
A charge + 50.0 C charge is placed 16.0 cm from an identical + 50.0 C charge. a) What is the electric field at the point midway between the charges? [2/0] What is the electric potential at the point midway between the charges? [2/0] b) How much work would be required to move a + 10.0 C test charge from a c) point midway between them to a point 6.0 cm closer to either of charges. [0/2] Suggested solution: 16.0 cm Data: Q1 = Q2 Q = +50.0 C Q3 = +10.0 C
Q1 = +50.0 C
Q2 = +50.0 C
a) The electric field at the midway between the charges is zero, this is due to the fact that the electric field due to Q1 = +50.0 C at the midway is to the right, and that of Q2 = +50.0 C is to the left. The magnitude of the electric field due to each charge midway r r between the charges is identical. But E1 is to the right, while E 2 is to the left. Therefore, the vector sum of them must be zero, i.e. r r r E = E1 + E 2 = 0 . [2/0] Q Q Q b) The electric potential at the midway is: VM = k 1 + k 2 = 2k r r r 16.0 cm r= = 8.0 cm = 0.080 m 2 6 9 5 10 VM = 2 9 10 = 1.125 106 V [2/0] 0.08 c) The work required would be the difference between the potential energy of the end point and the initial point, i.e.: [0/1] W = Q3VEnd Q3VM = Q3 (VEnd VM ) = +10.0 10 6 (VEnd VM ) Therefore, we may also find the electric potential of the end point: 5 10 6 5 10 6 100 100 6 + 9 10 9 = 45 10 3 + VEnd = 9 10 9 = 2.57 10 V 0.14 0.02 14 2 This is due to the fact that the end point is at the distance r1 = 8.0 cm + 6.0 cm = 14.0 cm = 0.140 m from Q1 = +50.0 C , while its distance from the charge Q2 = +50.0 C is r1 = 8.0 cm 6.0 cm = 2.0 cm = 0.020 m .
W = 10.0 10 6 2.57 10 6 1.125 10 6 = 14.46 J 14.5 J Answer: The work required to move a + 10.0 C test charge from a point midway between them to a point 6.0 cm closer to either of charges is 14.5 J . [0/1]
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4.
One form of mass spectrometer accelerates ions by a voltage V before they enter a magnetic field B . The ions are assumed to start from rest. By measuring the radius of the ion path, r , we may determine the mass of the ion. Find the mass of the ion, m , as a function of V , B , r , and Q . Where Q is the charge of the ion. The magnetic field region is uniform and is perpendicular to the path of the ions. [0/4/]
B
Suggested solutions: If the ions are accelerated by a voltage V before entering the uniform magnetic field region, their kinetic energy, and therefore, their velocity may be calculated using the conservation of energy: B Q 1 2 2Q V 2Q V [0/1] mv = Q V v 2 = v= m 2 m m The ions enter the region of magnetic field at 2Q V . Assuming the uniform velocity v = m magnetic field whose direction is perpendicular to the page of paper and away from the reader, the ions will experience a magnetic force r r r FB = Q v B which is always perpendicular to the path of the ions, and therefore the ions will experience a centripetal force which will cause them to rotate in a circular path as illustrated in the figure above. FB = Q v B / v2 Qr B 2 m = Qv B v = [0/1] / v r m F =m r Qr B v = m Q r 2 B2 2Q V Q 2 r 2 B 2 2 V Q r 2 B 2 [0/1] = = m= m m 1 2 V m2 v 2 = 2Q V m Q r 2 B2 Answer: The mass of ions is m = [0/1] 2 V Q r 2 B2 According to m = , the mass of the ion is a quadratic function of the 2 V radius of its path in the magnetic field B .
+ + + + + + + + + + + +

V
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MVG-Quality: M1: Formulates and develops the

problem, uses general methods with problem solving.
The student demonstrate the highest quality through

Uses conservation of energy to obtain the velocity of the ion at the point it enters the magnetic field:
1 2 2Q V 2Q V v= mv = Q V v 2 = 2 m m
Uses the vector property of the magnetic field, and centripetal acceleration to find another equation for the velocity of the particle.
FB = Q v B / Qr B v2 2 m = Qv B v = / v m r F = m r
M3: Carries out a proof, analyses and mathematical reasoning
Relates the two velocities obtained above to obtain a formula for the mass of the ion as a function of V , Q r 2 B2 B , r , and Q , i.e.: m = 2 V The solution is well structured, and mathematically-physically correct.
M5: The solution is well structured, correct mathematically.
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5.
A current I , flowing in a long solid cylindrical wire of radius R is uniform across the cross section. Use Amperes law to show that the magnetic field a) inside the conductor at a distance r from the center of r r the conductor is B = 0 2 I . Assume the 2 R magnetic field lines are circles, as they are outside the R conductor. [0/4/]
b) c) d)
Show that at the surface of the conductor this agrees with the answer for the magnetic field outside a long wire. [0/2] Where is the magnetic field maximum, and what is its maximum value for a 2.0 mm -diameter wire carrying 25.0 A direct current? [0/2] At what distance from the surface would the field be 10% of its maximum? [0/2]
Suggested solutions: a. According to Amperes law
r r B d l = 0 I inside
Where the I inside is the current passing through inside the imaginary circle of radius r such that r R . If we assume the electric current passes uniformly through the cross-section of the wire: I r2 2 I inside = 2 r I inside = 2 I R R I where the expression represents the current density, i.e. current R 2 passing unit cross-section-area. Due to the circular symmetry of the cross-section, and the fact that magnitude of the magnetic field at a distance r from the center of the cylindrical rod is identical, and its direction is always tangent to the virtual circle of radius r , we may write r r B d l = B|| dl = Bdl . Amperes law may therefore be developed as:
r r B d l = 0 I inside B|| dl = 0 I inside B dl = 0 I inside B 2r = 0 I inside

B 2 r = 0 I inside r r2 r 2 B 2 r = 0 2 I B = 0 I B= 0 2 I r 2 2 R 2 R R I inside = 2 I R r Answer: B = 0 2 I 2 R
QED
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According to B =
0 r I , the magnetic field increases linearly from zero to 2 R 2

I . The magnetic 2 R
a maximum value on the surface of the wire B = 0 field then decreases as B = 0
I 2 r
outside the wire.
b. At the surface of the cylinder, r = R , and therefore 0 r I r I B = QED 2 R 2 B = 0 2 I B = 0 I B = 0 2 r 2 r 2 r r = R which is identical to the answer for the magnetic field of a long wire at a distance r from the center of the cylindrical wire. I I = 0 Answer: B = 0 2 r 2 R c. The magnetic field is maximum at the surface of the wire where r = R = 1.0 mm = 1.0 10 3 m , using I = 25.0 A 0 = 4 10 7 25.0 I B = 0 Bmax = 4 10 7 = 50.0 10 4 T = 5.00 mT / 2 r 2 1.0 10 3 / Answer: Bmax = 5.00 mT I 25.0 d. B = 0 B = 0.10 Bmax = 4 10 7 = 50.0 10 5 T r = 1.0 10 2 m / 2 r 2 r / Answer: At r = 1.0 cm from the center of the cylindrical wire, the magnetic field is dropped to 10% of its maximum value.
Magnetic Field B inside and ouside a current carrying wire
r B= 6 0 2 I 2 R
5 B (mT) 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 r (mm) 6 7 8 9 10
B = 0
I 2 r
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MVG-Quality: M1: Formulates and develops the

problem, uses general methods with problem solving.
The student demonstrate the highest quality through

Uses Amperes law in a general r r form: B d l = 0 I inside Realizes that the current passing through the virtual circle I inside , differs from I . Finds the current passing through the virtual circular path of radius r as a function of r . r2 I inside = 2 I R
M2: Analyses and interprets the results,

concludes and evaluates if they are reasonable.
Finds B =
0 r I 2 R 2
Analyzes and interprets the results. May also plot B vs. r for a reasonable range covering B inside and outside the wire. Develops a general formula to calculate the magnetic field at any point inside the wire as a function of I , r , R , and B . The solution is well structured, and mathematically-physically correct.
M3: Carries out a proof, analyses and mathematical reasoning
M5: The solution is well structured, correct mathematically.
MVG- quality M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 Formulates and develops the problem, uses general methods with problem solving.
Analyses and interprets the results, concludes and evaluates if they are reasonable. Carries out mathematical proof, or analyses mathematical reasoning. Evaluates and compares different methods and mathematical models. The presentation is structured, and mathematical language is correct.
Problem 4 Problem 5 Other Problems
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Suggested+Solution+VGMVG LevelFyBCh20 21NVC08+Electric+&amp;+Magnetic+Field

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Suggested solution VG/MVG-LevelFyBCh20-21NVC08 Electric & Magnetic Field

Data: v = v P v , e = 1.60 10 19 C , m = 6.6463 10 -27 kg ,

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes.

Not for sale.