Solutions V2 Test Ch6FyANVC08 Test Ch 6 Work, energy and the power

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Directions Please Write your name on all of the papers on your table, NOW!
Test time Resources 9:05-11:45 Calculators, and Formulas for the National Test in Mathematics Courses A & B, and the formula sheet for Physics A, FYANV-College. You may also use one page of your own formula sheet. The page must have your name and no calculations or solution to any problem are supposed to be on the paper. The test consists of a total of 11 problems. For the problems short answers are not enough. They require: that you write down what you do, that you explain your train of thought, that you, when necessary, draw figures. When you solve problems graphically/numerically please indicate how you have used your resources. Problems 8-11 are larger problems which may take up to 90 minutes to solve completely. These problems are of the greatest importance for the highest grade, MVG. It is important that you try to solve them. A description of what I will consider when evaluating your work, is attached to the problem. Try all of the problems. It can be relatively easy, even towards the end of the test, to receive some points for partial solutions. A positive evaluation can be given even for unfinished solutions.

The test:

Score

The maximum score is 22 points 26 of them VG points. There are 4 marked problems. Mark levels The maximum number of points you can receive for each solution is indicated after each problem. If a problem can give 2 Pass-points and 1 Pass with distinction- point this is written (2/1). Some problems are marked with , which means that they more than other problems offer opportunities to show knowledge that can be related to the criteria for Pass with Special Distinction in Assessment Criteria 2000. Maximum score: 48: 22/26/ G: 15 points VG: 30 points/ at least 9 VG points: MVG: 33 points/ at least 18 VG points; MVG-quality works Have Fun Behzad Only the marked problems in the box below will be graded. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7i 7ii 8a 8b 8c 8d 9a 9b 10a 10b 10c G 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 2 VG 1 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 MVG G VG MVG 11 2 4 Grade 22 26 4

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Solutions V2 Test Ch6FyANVC08 Test Ch 6 Work, energy and the power

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In the multi-choice problems below, i.e. problems 1-6 write the answer clearly in the space provided under the problem as alternative: ________. In some of these problems you may need to explain or show the details of your solutions. All explanations and solutions to these problems must be written clearly under the problem in the space provided. The solutions to the problems 6-11 will be written in a separate sheet provided. Problems 8, 9 and specially 10 and 11are extremely important for the highest possible grade, MVG. You need at least an hour to solve these problems.

1.

A truck moving at a constant speed of 90.00 km / h has 4.250 MJ kinetic energy. The mass of the truck is: [1/0] 2000 kg a) b) 11.25 ton c) 13.6 ton d) 41 250 kg e) None

Answer: Alternative c. m =

2 E KE = 13.6 ton v2 1000 Suggested solutions: v = 90.0 km / h = 90.0 m / s = 25 m / s 3600 2E 1 2 4.250 10 6 E KE = mv 2 m = 2KE = = 13.6 10 3 kg = 13.6 ton 2 v 25 2

The spring in a bathroom scale is compressed 9.00 cm when 90.0 kg Per climbs on it. What is the spring constant of the scales spring? [1/0] a) 98 N / m 9.8 kN / m b) c) 10.8 kN / m d) 900 N m e) None Why? Explain and show your calculations. [1/0] Answer: Alternative b: 9.8 kN / m Suggested solution: Data: m = 80.0 kg , x = 8.00 cm = 8.00 102 m ,

2.

F = mg mg 90.0 9.82 N = 9820 N / m 9.8 kN / m = r r mg = kx k = x 9.00 10 2 m F = kx

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3.

In average, daily food consumption of a typical person in industrial countries is 10 MJ . Estimate how high one may lift a 1 ton rock, if the human body was a perfect machine with 100% efficiency. [1/0] a) 1 km b) 1 m c) 1 cm d) 1 mm e) none [1/0]

Why? Explain and show the details of your calculations: Answer: Alternative a: h = 1 km Suggested solution: Data: E = 10 MJ = 10 10 6 J , m = 1 ton = 1000 kg
E = mgh h =

E 10 10 6 = = 1000 m = 1 km mg 1000 10

Answer: h = 1 km

4.

Malin exerts an average force of 600.0 N on a rope to lift 50.0 kg box a vertical distance of 4.00 m up. The gravitational potential energy gained by the 50.0 kg box is [1/0] a) 436 J less than the work done by Malin . b) Exactly equal to the work done by Malin . 436 J more than the work done by Malin . c) d) 436 N e) none
600 .0 N

4 .00 m

Behzad 09 50 .0 kg Why? Show the details of your calculations. [0/1] Answer: Alternative a: E PE W = 436 J Suggested solution: Data: F = 600.0 N , h = 4.00 m , m = 50.0 kg The potential energy gained by the box is: E PE = mgh = 50.0 9.82 4.00 = 1960 J The work done by Malin is: r r W = F x = 600.0 4.00 = 2400 J W E PE = 2400 J 1960 J = 436 J Answer: E PE W = 436 J

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Solutions V2 Test Ch6FyANVC08 Test Ch 6 Work, energy and the power

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5.

A truck of mass 20. ton traveling at 72 km / h , and car mass 1.0 ton traveling at 90. km / h , collide, head-on and come to rest on a plane road. How much thermal energy is produced in this collision? (1/0) a) 8.6 MJ b) 1.1 GJ c) 4.3 MJ d) 56 MJ e) 56 kJ f) none Why? Show the details of your calculations. [2/0] Answer: Alternative c: The total energy of the system: E = 4.3 MJ is converted to the thermal energy. Suggested solution: 1000 Data: mcar = 1.0 ton = 1.0 10 3 kg , v0 car = 90 km / h = 90 m / s = 25 m / s , vc = 0.0 3600 1000 mcar = 20. ton = 2.0 10 4 kg v0truck = 72 km / h = 72 m / s = 20 m / s , vtruck = 0.0 3600 The total energy of the system, i.e. in this case the total kinetic energy of the system which is the sum of the kinetic energy of the car and the truck involved in the collision is converted to heat: 1 1 1 2 2 E = mcar v0 car + mtruck vtruck = (1.0 10 3 25 2 + 2.0 10 4 20 2 ) 4.3 10 6 J = 4.3 MJ 2 2 2 Answer: The total energy of the system: E = 4.3 MJ is converted to the thermal energy. 6. The height of a water fall of a reactor is 70.0 m . The efficiency of the reactor is 90.0% . Calculate the power delivered by the reactor when the rate of the water flow is 450. m 3 / s . [1/0] a) 735 kW b) c) d)

2.78 108 W 735 MW 2.98 108 W

3.03 108 W e) f) none Why? Show the details of your calculations. Answer: Alternative b: Pdelivered = 2.78 10 8 W = 0.278 GW Suggested solution:
Data: h = 70 m , v = 450 m 3 / s , = 0.90 ; P = ? , = 1.00 103 kg / m 3
P= W mgh m V V = = gh = gh = gh = 1.00 10 3 9.82 70 450 = 3.09 108 W t t t t t

[0/2]

Pdelivered = 0.90 3.09 10 8 = 2.78 10 8 W = 0.278 GW

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7.

The x component of the force on an object varies as shown below. Determine the work done by the force to move the object i from x = 0.0 to x = 60.0 m , [3/0] ii from x = 0.0 to x = 120.0 m . [0/3]

Force_Displacement 400 300 200 100 F [N] 0 -100 0 -200 -300 -400 -500 x [m]
Answer: W0a 60 = 15 kJ ; W0a120 = 1.0 kJ Suggested solution: The work done by the force is the area under the curve of (x-component of the) force vs displacement between the desired boundaries: I. The work done by the force to move the object from x = 0.0 to x = 60.0 m : is the area under the curve from x = 0.0 to x = 60.0 m : 1 1 W0a60 = (30 )(200 + 300 ) + (50 30 )(300 ) + (60 50 )(300 ) J 2 2 Answer: W0a 60 = 15 kJ W0a 60 = 7 500 + 6 000 + 1500 J = 15 000 J = 15 kJ
II.

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 110 120

The work done by the force to move the object from x = 0.0 to x = 120.0 m is the area under the curve from x = 0.0 to x = 120.0 m : (120 70) + (100 80) ( 400 ) J W0a120 = W0a 60 + W60a70 + W70a120 = 15 000 + 0 + 2 Answer: W0a120 = 1.0 kJ W0a120 = 15 000 J + 0 14 000 J = 1000 J = 1.0 kJ Note that the area under the x-axis is negative. That is why the work done in the interval (120 70 ) + (100 80 ) ( 400 ) J = 14 000 J is x = 70.0 m to x = 120.0 m : W70a120 = 2 negative. The negative work indicates that the work is don by (and not on) the system.

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8.

An object of weight 30 N is hanging from a spring. It is first elevated up to the point A, where the spring is neither stretched nor compressed. Then, it is released. The object falls and after 0.50 m , momentarily it stops at the point B, and then changes its direction of motion: moving upwards. a. Calculate the change in the (gravitational) potential energy of the spring from A to B. [1/0] b. c. d. Calculate the change in the (elastic) potential energy of the spring from A to B. [1/0] Calculate the (Hooks) force applied by the spring on the object at the point B. [0/3/] Draw a free diagram and calculate the acceleration of the object at the point B. [0/2]

Suggested solution: Data: mg = 30 N , x = 0.50 m , Problem: E P = ? , EelP = ? , FH = ? a. Assuming, as the reference point, that the potential energy of the point B is zero: E PA = mgh = 30 0.50 = 15.0 J E PAB = 0 15.0 = 15.0 J The gravitational potential energy of the object is decreased by 15 J in moving from A to B. E PAB = 15.0 J b. c. The elastic potential energy of the spring is increased by the same amount: E ElPB = 15.0 J At the point B the elastic potential energy of the spring is:
1 1 2 E ElPB = kx 2 = k (0.50 ) = 0.125k J 2 2

Using the fact that this must be equal to E ElPB = 15.0 J , we may calculate the spring constant k :
0.125k = 15.0 k =

15.0 = 120 N / m 0.125

Therefore, the Hooks force on the object at point B is an upwards force of: r r F = kx F = 120 0.50 = 60 N F = 60 N d. Taking upward direction positive, Newtons second law implies that:
F mg = ma a =

F 60 g a= 9.8 = 9.80 m / s 2 m 3.06

a = 9.80 m / s 2

Using m =

30 = 3.06 kg . 9.8

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9.

A roller coaster, shown below, is pulled up to point A where it and its screaming occupants are released from rest. (a) Assuming no friction, calculate its speed at points B , C , D and E , where h A = 40 m , hB = 0 m , hC = 25 m , hD = 10 m , and hE = 12 m . All heights are given to the reference level which is B . [2/2] (b) Assuming a retarding force (friction and air resistance) which is
A

hC = 25 m

h A = 40 m
D B

hE = 12 m

hD = 10 m

1 mg , with what speed will it reach point B 5 [0/3/] and E ? The distance traveled AB = 68 m , and AE = 140 m .

Solution:

(a) Conservation of energy teaches us that, because there is no retarding force, the total mechanical energy of the system is conserved, i.e.: E A = E B = EC = E D = E x , where the point x is an arbitrary point on the track. 1 2 1 2 2 E A = mgh A , E x = mghx + mv x mghA = mghx + mv x v x = 2 g (h A hx ) , / / / 2 2 v x = 2 g (hA hx ) (0/2) Therefore, using this relationship we may find the velocity at any point on the track: v B = 2 g (hA hB ) = 2 9.82 (40 0 ) 28 m / s

(0.5/0) (0.5/0) (0.5/0)

vC = 2 g (hA hC ) = 2 9.82 (40 25) 17 m / s

v E = 2 g (hA hE ) = 2 9.82 (40 12) 23.5 m / s (0.5/0) (b) Because of the existence of the retarding force, part of the mechanical energy is converted all the time to a non-mechanical (wasted, heat) energy. Therefore, we may modify the 1 1 energy relationship to: E A = E B + mg AB = E E + mg AE : 5 5 1 2 1 mghA = mghB + mv B + mg AB [0/1/] / / / / 2 5 v B = 2 g (hA hB 0.2 AB ) = 2 9.82 (40 0.2 68) = 22.8 m / s 23 m / s [0/1] Similarly, for the velocity at point E with AE = 140 m and hE = 12 m we may write: 1 2 1 mghA = mghE + mv E + mg AE [0/1] / / / / 2 5 v E = 2 g (hA hE 0.2 AE ) = 2 9.82 (40 12 0.2 140) = 0 m / s It, finally, stops at the point E : It is the last stop! Have a nice day!

v D = 2 g (hA hD ) = 2 9.82 (40 10) 24 m / s

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Solutions V2 Test Ch6FyANVC08 Test Ch 6 Work, energy and the power

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At the aspect assessment of your work with exercise 9-11 the teacher will consider the depth of understanding of physics you have demonstrated how well you have carried through the task how well you have explained your work and motivated your conclusions how well you have accounted for your work.

10. A small ball of diameter 2.0 mm and mass 0.025 kg is released from a point 2.0 m above the ground. During each contact with the floor it losses 20.% of its energy. You may ignore the air resistance. [2/0] a. How high does it bounce back? b. How high does it bounce back after its 10th bounce? How high does it bounce back [0/3] after its nth bounce? c. How many times should the ball bounce back before its highest reaching point is smaller than 1.0 cm? [0/3/] Suggested solution: Data: m = 0.025 kg , h = 2.0 m , 20.% Problem: h1 = ? , a. Due to the fact that the ball loses 20% of its energy in each contact with the floor, the potential energy of the ball at its highest point after the first bounce is only the 80% of the original energy. i.e.

E P1 = 0.80 E P 0 = 0.80mgh0 = mgh1 h1 = 0.80h0 h1 = 0.80 2.0 = 1.6 m

It bounces back only 1.6 m height. b. After its nth bounce the ball bounces back to:
E Pn = 0.80 n E P 0 = 0.80 n mgh0 = mghn hn = 0.80 n h0 h10 = 0.8010 2.0 0.21 m

c.

hn = 0.80 n h0 0.80 n 2.0 0.01 m 0.80 n

0.01 0.80 n 0.005 2 .0

Taking the logarithm of both sides implies:

n log(0.80) log(0.005) n
log(0.005) log(0.005) n n 23.7 log(0.80 ) log(0.80 )

Note that log(0.80 ) is a negative number, and in dividing n log(0.80) log(0.005) by log(0.005) log(0.80 ) the direction of the inequality should therefore be changed: n . log(0.80 ) After 24 bounces, the balls maximum reach is h24 = 0.80 24 2.0 = 9.4 10 3 m , i.e. less than 1.0 cm

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11. A block of mass m is attached to a light spring of force constant k on a plane surface. The spring is elongated a distance A from its equilibrium and then released. a) If the block comes to rest after a few oscillations traveling the total distance of 3 A , calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction, k , between the block and the plane surface. Calculate the velocity of the block when it is passing the equilibrium position for the first time. During its damped oscillations, how far beyond the equilibrium can the block be pressed? [2/4/]
A

b) c)

Data m , k , A , 3 A ; k = ? from its equilibrium and then released. kA a) Answer: The coefficient of kinetic friction is k = . 6mg The total energy of the system on this case is totally used up by the work done against the friction force: 1 k A2 = f f 3 A = 3 k mg A 2 kA k A = 6 k mg Answer: k = 6mg b) Answer: The block is moving at v = 2 k A as the block is passing the equilibrium 3m

position for the first time. When the block is passing its equilibrium position, part of its original potential energy is converted to heat due to the friction, and the rest is converted to its kinetic energy: 1 1 kA k A 2 = k mg A + mv 2 Replacing k = in the equation results in: 2 2 6mg kA 1 1 k A2 = mg A + mv 2 // / / 2 6 mg / // 2
3

1 1 2 2 k A 2 = k A 2 + mv 2 mv 2 = k A 2 k A 2 = k A 2 v = k A 3 3 3 3m c) Answer: During its damped oscillations, the spring can at maximum be compressed by 2 x = A beyond its equilibrium position. 3

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Solutions V2 Test Ch6FyANVC08 Test Ch 6 Work, energy and the power

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Lets define x m as the maximum distance beyond the equilibrium position that the spring may be compressed during its damped oscillations, as illustrated in the figure below:
A

x m

1 k A 2 is partially converted to heat due to the friction 2 during the total travelling distance A + x , and partially to the elastic potential energy stored in the system of compressed x m : / kA 1 1 / / k A2 = mg ( A + x ) + k x 2 // / / 2 6 mg / // 2
The total elastic energy of the spring
3

A 1 1 A2 = ( A + x ) + x 2 x 2 + A x + A2 A2 = 0 3 3 3 1 2 x 2 + A x A2 = 0 3 3 2 2 x = A maximum compression (x + A) x A = 0 3 3 x = A initial position Check:

kA 1 2 1 2 5 4 9 1 kA A + A + k A = kA 2 + kA 2 = kA 2 = kA 2 mg ( A + x ) + k x 2 = // 6mg 2 6 3 2 3 18 18 18 2 //
2

Answer: During its damped oscillations, the spring can at maximum be compressed by 2 x = A beyond its equilibrium position. 3

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