Repot Writing

Parts of Report
1. Introduction to the report 2. Review 3. Analysis 4. Recommendations and Comments

Part.1
Introduction to Report
It should include some basic information regarding the process of preparation of report. This part should have one chapter of not more than 4 pages. 1.Background of Study 2.Purpose of Study (in few lines) 3.Scope of Work (Main focus of study) 4.Methdology of Research (in few lines to describe the rsearch menthds) 5. Scheme of Report

Part-2 Review
This part should describe the existing situation on ground regarding an Organization/system/approach under review. If an internee has worked in an organization for example a branch of the Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB), then review of material should give some basic information in a brief form And in the following order: Overall banking sector in Pakistan Role of MCB in banking sector Overall Organization of MCB in Pakistan (Structure staff) MCB in that particular geographic area And then link it to specific branch. If one can find all the required information. Review of background material only helps us to improve understanding of the existing situation of an organization in order to help improve analysis of that organization.

Part.3 Analysis
The analysis will be based on the area of interest such as organizational analysis. Marketing analysis, Financial analysis, Human Resources or any similar type of analysis. Internees who conduct field surveys as part of their internship exercise would need to describe survey methodology in a separate chapter. They would need to discuss the following points: Need for Data; Why you required that information Data collection; Data Analysis;

Part.4 Recommendations
Recommendations should be divided into short term, medium term, and Long term time period and in phases, All recommendations should carry their financial cost. If an internee suggests the organization to hire more people then he/she will have to prepare job descriptions for proposed staff according to organizations rules and regulations. Internship should speak about the internees objectives of selecting that organization as well as whether these objectives have been achieved or not clearly be given in the recommendation section.

Volume of report
Internship report should contain 100-150 typed pages (excluding annexes). A report would be evaluated by quality of work especially its analysis and recommendations. A good report is supposed to be very comprehensive in terms of presentation of its substance. Substance and organized presentation of report improves the quality of report. There is no need to attach organization brochures and pamphlets with internship report.

Framework for writing internship report:

Title Page Copy of internship completion letter Acknowledgements List of Contents This list should contain all chapters headings, sub headings, and list of all annexes. List of tables: List of graphs: List of charts: List of acronyms: Objectives of studying the organization: What do you want to achieve by studying this organization? Overview of the organization: Brief history of the organization nature of the organization: What type of business activities are performed by the organization? Business volume. In terms of revenue, deposits, advances, investments, etc. Quote figures for five years and analyze the trend. You must use the latest years data. Organizational structure Number of employees by giving cadre (designation) vise break up Product lines (Description of the various products/ services offered by the organization)

 Describe the structure of overall organization. In terms of reporting lines also showing the respective authorities and responsibilities. The organ gram of the organization must be attached as annexure in the end of the report. The organization structure of the branch. In which the student is carrying internship should be discussed separately and the organ gram of the branch should also be attached as annexure. Review of the various departments. Of the overall organization in terms of their functions and responsibilities, etc Structure and functions of the Department (where training carried out) The role of Managers. In establishing/maintaining relationships with other industrial institutions in terms of accounts, management and production management, etc. The role of CEO may be discussed as an overall financial manager. Use of electronic data in decision-making. Describe the different types of software being used by the organization. Also discuss the different types of reports being produced for management use. Sources of funds Quote figures for latest five years from financial statements with analytical comments)

 Generation of funds Quote figures for latest five years from financial statements with analytical comments) Allocation of funds Quote figures for latest five years from financial statements with analytical comments) Critical analysis . Of the theoretical concepts relating to practical experiences i.e. relate the theoretical concepts with practical experience during Internship. Financial analysis: Give five latest years Balance Sheet in a single table form Give five latest years Income Statement in a single table form Ratio analysis for last five years. Calculate at least 15 to 20 ratios and analyze each ratio by giving specific reasons that why any ratio increases or decreases from period to period. Horizontal analysis. Of balance sheet for the last five years. Take one base year and compare all the four years to the base year. Analyze the trends of the calculation of horizontal analysis by giving specific reasons that why any item increases or decreases from period to period. Horizontal analysis. Of income statement for the last five years. Take one base year and compare all the four years to the base year. Analyze the trends of the calculation of horizontal analysis by giving specific reasons that why any item increases or decreases from period to period. Vertical analysis. Of balance sheet for last five years. Analyze the trends of the calculation of vertical analysis by giving specific reasons that why any item increases or decreases from period to period.

 Vertical analysis. Of income statement for the last five years. In case of banks take interest income plus noninterest income as 100% and compare all other income statement figures with it. Analyze the trends of the calculation of vertical analysis by giving specific reasons that why any item increases or decreases from period to period. Organizational analysis. With reference to the industries listed on the stock exchange. Compare the organization with its competitors/peers in terms of total assets, liabilities, profitability, etc. Future prospects of the organization. This should be based on the overall analysis/evaluation of the organization by the students and should be supported by the managements vision/strategy for the future. Short-falls/weaknesses. Of the organization with main focus on financial management. Based on the overall analysis of the organization, highlight the weak areas that need management attention. Conclusions: Give recommendations for eliminating/minimizing the highlighted weaknesses and for overall improvement of the organization. References (Student should follow proper style for referencing, detail acceptable style is given in subsequent pages) Annexes

Guidelines for Writing Internship Report:

1. Page: Page should be of A4 size. Paper weight should be of 75 gram. 2. Font: Times New Roman. 3. Justification: The whole document must be fully (left + right) justified. 4. Spacing: The body of the report should have 1.5 line spacing. 5. Margin: 3cm all round. 6. Paragraphs and Sections: Extra blank line before and after every section and subsection. Paragraphs must be separated by blank line. Paragraphs must be justified. 7. Headings & Subheadings: All headings and their subheadings should be properly formatted using heading rules. 8. Punctuations: Space after each punctuation mark (such as ; . , etc) 9. Page Numbering: Every page should be numbered. The page numbers should start with 1 from the first page of your chapter 1. All the pages before the first chapter should be given Roman numbers (i, ii, iii, etc.) 10. Spelling & Grammar Check: Apply Spelling & Grammar check feature of MS word on whole document (report).