PCIM Europe 2005

Conference Program - Sessions

Sessions – Tuesday, June 07, 2005

8:45 Opening Key Note Paper

Power Electronics or Power Systems? From the State of the Art to Future Trends
J.-M. Peter, FRANCE
Yesterday specialised in the field of SMPS, converters and drives, Power Electronics is now a mature
technology. What about the future? It will be driven by important trends: 1. Power Electronics to day cannot
be considered as an isolated technology, but must be integrated in the “POWER SYSTEMS”. 2. The
maturity of Power Electronics enlarges considerably the field of applications. A lot of them will go from
mechanic, electromechanic, hydraulic to “All Electric Systems”. 3. Energy will be more and more important
in the future. In conclusion, the author defines what will be essential for the development of “POWER
SYSTEMS”

9:45 Key Note Paper

A View at the Future of Integration in Power Electronics Systems
Prof. Dushan Boroyevich, Center of Power Electronics Systems Virginia Tech, USA
The paper addresses possible directions for the improvement of power processing technology through
advanced integration. The central philosophy of this research is to advance the integration of
electromagnetic power passives, filters, control, sensing, and interconnect structures in the power
converters, in addition to the integration of the power semiconductor switch assemblies. The fundamental
functions in electronic power processing, the materials, processes, partitioning and integration approaches,
and future concepts are discussed.

Session S1a Unipolar Devices - Power MOSFET

Chairman Eric Carroll, ABB Semiconductors, SWITZERLAND

11:00 S1a-1 Latest Generation of Superjunction Power MOSFETs Permits the use of Hard Switching
Topologies for High Power Applications
G. Deboy, F. Dahlquist, Infineon Technologies, AUSTRIA, T. Reinmann, M. Scherf, ISLE,
GERMANY
The latest generation of superjunction MOSFETs features extremely high current capability and switching
speed. Combined with a world-best FoM Ron*Qg of below 6 Ohm*nC this device is predestined for the use
in hard switching AC/DC power conversion topologies. The paper demonstrates that using these devices
the complex phase shift ZVS full bridge may be replaced by the hard switching, but easy to design two-
transistor-forward stage without penalty in efficiency.

11:30 S1a-2 Schottky Diodes Integrated in a Standard STripFET Maximize Synchronized Buck
Converter Efficiency in Datacom and Computer Applications
G. Belverde, M. Melito, F. Zara, A. Magri, STMicroelectronics, ITALY
A Schottky diode inside a standard planar MOSFET is the latest solution aimed at obtaining the best
switches for DC-DC converters. By using an integrated Schottky it is possible to enhance efficiency and
reliability thanks to losses and heat reduction. A practical comparison has been performed using a single-
phase synchronized buck converter in a wide range of frequency and load current. The thermal and
electrical performance of the new Schottky STripFET has been compared to the standard ones.

12:00 S1a-3 New MOSFET Package Increases Efficiency and Power Capability
J. Brown, Vishay Siliconix, UK
TM
The PolarPAK package is a new, package designed to increase efficiency and power handling capability
of MOSFETs. This is achieved by adopting a dual sided device, whilst keeping a PCB landing pattern no
bigger in area than that of a standard SO-8. The paper will show the capabilities and improved efficiency of
the PolarPAK package when compared with conventional packages of the same size and using the same
type of silicon.

12:30 S1a-4 Effect of Gate ESR on MOSFET Switching Losses

A. Elbanhawy, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA
The gate ESR has been known to affect the losses in MOSFETs for sometime. This paper addresses the
issue of losses in great details providing the full symbolic equations that govern the voltage and current rise
and fall time in terms of the ESR resistance Rg and several other MOSFET parameters. Using these
equations we explore the details of the interdependencies of these parameters and reducing losses by
controlling the gate driver MOSFET parameters
Session S1b Advanced Power Factor Correction Converters
Chairman Jacques Laeuffer, PSA Peugeot Citroen, FRANCE

11:00 S1b-1 Simulating Circuits for Power Factor Correction

J. Turchi, ON Semiconductor, FRANCE
The paper proposes to review the main benefits and difficulties when simulating Power Factor Correction
stages (PFC). After some presentation of the two types of models (switched and averaged), the paper
focuses on the main methods to derive such models and on the information that can be drawn from them.
Tricks to improve the simulation speed and effectiveness are also shown. Finally, comparison between
simulation and bench results are given to illustrate the merits of PFC simulation in a practical application.

11:30 S1b-2 Low Harmonic Three Phase Rectifier that Applies Current Injection and Passive
Resistance Emulator
P. Pejovic, University of Belgrade, P. Bozovic, Pupin Telecom DKTS, SERBIA and
MONTENEGRO
A novel three phase rectifier with low distortion of the input currents is proposed in the paper. The rectifier
applies current injection principle and utilizes a novel structure of a passive resistance emulator,
characterized by simplicity, low number of components, and efficiency. In the case of the optimal current
injection, the input current THD is 3.72%. Complete analysis of the rectifier is presented, accompanied by
the experimental verification.

12:00 S1b-3 Application of Non Linear Inductance in Passive Mains Harmonic Reduction Circuits
D. Kübrich, T. Dürbaum, University Erlangen, GERMANY, K. Schetters, Philips
Semiconductors, THE NETHERLANDS
Regulations like IEC 1000-3-2 impose limits on the line current harmonics. Passive solutions to obtain
mains harmonic reduction are still widespread. Some inductors used in practical designs operate in the
saturation region at power levels to be tested for compliance. This paper investigates the usefulness of non
linear induc-tors in passive MHR circuits by extracting the non linearity, measuring the com-pliance,
modelling the inductor and extrapolating the design to other power levels.

12:30 S1b-4 A Flexible 4kW - 3 Phase - 2 Switch PFC Power Rectifier for Supplying a Modern EDM
Machine
Ch.-B. Andrianirina, A. Rufer, EPFL Lausanne, N. Giandomenico, Charmilles Technologies,
SWITZERLAND
A classical 4 kW supply with diode rectifier used for the general control and spark generation electronic
circuits of an EDM machine is often far away of the specification of the line harmonics. To solve this
problem, a new rectifier circuit was developed, on the base of an original and new topology. The principle of
this new supply is based on the classical PFC topology, but where 2 channels with 90o phase-shift are used
on a common DC output. The generation of the 2 shifted voltages is achieved via a special transformer
winding according to the Leblanc connection. An industrial version of the device will be presented.

Session S1c Sensorless Control

Chairman Jose Mario Pacas, University Siegen, GERMANY

Invited Paper
11:00 S1c-a Perspectives of Sensorless AC Drive Technology
J. Holtz, University Wuppertal, GERMANY
Structures of sensorless control are described, both for induction machines and PM synchronous machines.
The use of complex signal flow graphs enables an intuitive understanding. Applications range from low-cost
solutions to high dynamic performance drives. Open loop and closed loop observers and their parameter
sensitivity are discussed. The system parameters are set by self-commissioning, or by on-line identification.
Very low speed operation is addressed, comparing model based and signal injection methods.

12:00 S1c-2 A Novel Position Sensorless Drive for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
J.P. Quirion, International Rectifier, J. Gu, Dalhousie University, CANADA
Owing to academic and industrial research, various sensorless algorithms have been invented. However,
current sensorless algorithms are restricted to working at high speed or at low speed. In fact, as of today,
there are no sensorless algorithms that single-handedly permit operation over the entire speed range. In this
paper, a novel fusion algorithm is proposed. It is shown, via experimental results, that the resulting drive
permits position sensorless operation over the entire speed range, with less estimation error.

12:30 S1c-3 Feed Forward Compensation of Nonlinearities in the Power Stage of Servo Amplifiers –
Enhanced Solution for High Performance Servo Drives providing Higher Bandwidth at no
Trade-Off
H. Schmirgel, J.O. Krah, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, GERMANY
Identification and compensation of nonlinear phenomena including charge carrier removal in a servo drive
power stage makes it possible to increase the bandwidth of the system without increasing the switching
frequency. The linearized characteristic allows also a better estimation of the motor back EMF
Session S1d UPS and Battery Energy Storage Systems
Chairman Johann W. Kolar, ETH Zürich, SWITZERLAND

11:00 S1d-1 Short-Duration Energy Storage Options for On-Site Power

J. McDowall, Saft, USA
In-between “pure” power quality solutions and traditional 15 min UPS backup, there is a growing need of
both, power users and power producers for systems of 1 to 5 minutes power backup. An analysis of the
critical requirements and a comparison of alternative energy storage options for providing short-duration
support for UPS and power quality systems, covering flywheels, supercapacitors, and existing and emerging
battery technologies.

11:30 S1d-2 New Concept for Uninterruptible Power Supplies in the Higher Power Range
R. Briest, RWE Piller, GERMANY
In the last years Uninterruptible Power Supplies in the lower and medium power ranges have been built
more and more with a transformerless circuitry principles. By extended requirements of Uninterruptible
Power Supplies in the higher power range this circuitry principles can not been taken over directly and new
ideas are needed. Basic aspects of a new technology and first results of a new series of Uninterruptible
Power Supplies for the higher power range are shown.

12:00 S1d-3 Power Protection for Mission-Critical Network-Based Applications (such as Voice-Over-
IP) using the Power over Ethernet Technology
P. Brouhon, MGE UPS Systems, FRANCE, G. Mendelson, Power Dsine, ISRAEL
Using Power over Ethernet products for IP Telephony together with the appropriate Uninterruptible Power
Supply (UPS) systems, IT and Facility managers and users will get the same level of availability from their
VoIP architecture as they experience with the traditional circuit switched telephony systems.

12:30 S1d-4 Getting Results from the Most Powerful Battery System in the World
J. McDowall, Saft, T. DeVries, Golden Valley Electric, USA, N. Umbricht, ABB, SWITZERLAND
The Golden Valley Electric Association Battery Energy Storage System (GVEA BESS) entered service in
late 2003, with the capability of injecting up to 46 MW of active power directly into the GVEA grid. This
paper discusses the BESS design, construction and commissioning, along with its interface with the utility
network, the lessons learned, and the overall experience in the first full year in which the system has been
operational.

Session S2a IGBTs

Chairman Martin Hierholzer, eupec, GERMANY

2:00 S2a-1 Comparison of Primary Transistors in Auxiliary Flyback Converters for Driver and Logic
Supply from Mains-Fed DC Link
A. Lindemann, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, GERMANY
Substitution of MOSFETs by fast IGBTs in flyback converters is investigated: Those are assumed to provide
isolated supply for drivers and control logic out of mains-fed DC link in a typical application like a three
phase bridge for a variable speed drive. The surprising result is that relatively big differences in transistors’
conduction voltage drop are much less significant than dynamic losses; this is important to economically
design auxiliary converters and the respective devices

2:30 S2a-2 Examination of Punch-Through Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors under High
Temperature Gate Bias and High Temperature Reverse Bias Stresses
C.O. Maiga, B. Tala-Ighil, H. Toutah, Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de
Cherbourg, FRANCE
The work presented in this paper is concerned with the effects of a High Temperature Gate Bias (HTGB)
stress and a High Temperature Reverse Bias (HTRB) stress on Punch - Through Insulated Gate Bipolar
Transistors. The stresses were achieved during 1200 hours at 140°C. A particular interest was taken in the
parameters related to the switching mode operation and experimental results on their evolution under the
two types of stress are presented in a quantified way. The aim is to constitute a base of work as complete
as possible for the analysis and diagnosis of failure causes related to the switching devices in power
conversion systems

3:00 S2a-3 Investigations on the Behavior of IGBT Devices under Repetitive Short-Circuits
Operations
Z. Khatir, INRETS, S. Lefebvre, SATIE, FRANCE
In this paper, we describe experimental and numerical simulation results concerning the effect of repetitive
short circuit tests in the lifetime of IGBT devices according to the energy level for 600V PT, 600V NPT and
1200V NPT IGBTs. A critical temperature of about 650°C has been pointed out which is the limit of two
failure modes. The first one with a cumulative degradation effect which requires some 104 short-circuits and
the other one which leads to the failure at the first short-circuit with a thermal runaway effect whatever the
test conditions.
3:30 S2a-4 New Familiy of Hard Switching 4.5kV Press-Pack IGBTs
F. Wakeman, G. Li, A. Golland, Westcode Semiconductors, UK
The Press-pack IGBT has become an established product, offering high reliability equivalent to conventional
thyristors and GTO thyristors. Both new designs and equipment conversions have been successfully
implemented. However, available products offer limitations in their electrical performance. A new family of
4.5kV press-pack IGBTs, using soft punch through (SPT) technology, has been introduced which offer true
snubberless switching.

Session S2b Components for System Integration

Chairman Uwe Scheuermann, Semikron Elektronik, GERMANY

2:00 S2b-1 Comparison of Piezoelectric Transformer and Coreless PCB Transformer in Gate Driver
Applications
D. Vasic, F. Costa, E. Sarraute, SATIE ENS-CACHAN, FRANCE
This paper compares the performances and the capabilities of integration of two kinds of transformers
(Piezoelectric transformer vs. coreless planar electromagnetic transformer). The study and comparisons are
carried out in a two-gate drivers for power MOSFET’s and IGBT’s, functioning in a half-bridge inverter. The
two devices have the same structure, similar electric characteristics (operating at resonance frequency in
both cases), identical electrical values and the dimensions of the two transformers are quite the same.

2:30 S2b-2 Miniaturised Rogowski Coils for High Frequency Current Measurement in Power
Electronics
R. Jaschke, Helmut-Schmidt-University, GERMANY
Rogowski coils are fitted at the leads of diodes or transistors to monitor the current after oscilloscope
integration without changing the circuit, avoiding retroaction. This paper investigates how to increase the
bandwidth limit, which shows to be related to the self- inductance of the coil and cable capacitance. It can
be increased by a capacitive voltage divider and geometrical optimisation.

3:00 S2b-3 Optimum Use of Current Sensors in Motor Drives

W. Teppan, H.-D. Huber, H. Blanchard, E. Favre, LEM, M. Correvon, University of Applied
Sciences, SWITZERLAND
A trade-off is made between several competing current sensing technologies for different motor drives.
Effects like capacitive coupling, hysteresis and drift are discussed and hints are given to achieve minimum
response time. The best choice of a current sensor depends on the topology of the drive (single/multi stage)
or its supply (PFC) and it depends also largely on the measurement location. It is shown that lowering the
sensor count demands better performance (e.g. lower response time) of the sensors.

3:30 S2b-4 Minimun Loss Design for Core-Less Foil Inductors

A. Stadler, M. Albach, F. Macary, Friedrich-Alexander-University
Erlangen-Nürnberg,GERMANY
Air-core coils have a size advantage in the MHz range used for energy-storage in switch-mode power
supplies. The use of high switching frequencies causes eddy currents to be generated in the windings, with
the consequence of significantly increasing copper losses. The paper describes how to calculate the copper
losses of foil- and PCB-based planar windings using a state space model and based on the results, it
outlines the possibilities to minimize the winding losses

4:00 S2b-5 High-Speed Fuses in IGBT based Voltage Source Converters

F. Iov, F. Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, H. Rasmussen, Cooper Bussmann, DENMARK
The demand for protection of power electronic applications has during the last couple of years increased
regarding the high-power IGBT modules. Even with an active protection, a high power IGBT still has a risk
of exhibiting a violent rupture in the case of a fault. By introducing fuses into voltage source converters a
better protection of IGBTs can be achieved. This paper discusses the three main issues regarding the IGBT
fuses in Voltage Source Converters: protection of IGBT modules, added inductance and high-frequency
loading.

Session S2c Future Lamp Ballast Concepts

Chairman Jean Marie Peter, FRANCE

2:00 S2c-1 Analysis of Different Solutions and Trade-Off Cost vs Power Factor Performance for
Electronic Ballasts
C. Contenti, International Rectifier, USA
This paper will introduce a new HVIC. This new HVIC breaks ground in reducing the components count and
the circuit complexity. The paper will analyze several applications and circuit build around this HVIC, such
small size ballast without power factor correction, electronic ballast using active power factor correction and
electronic ballast using a low cost power factor methode: passive power factor correction and bus voltage
compensation.

2:30 2c-2 New Bidirectional Blocking Voltage Power Switch for Light Dimmers
L. Gonthier, T. Castagnet, R. Achart, STMicroelectronics, FRANCE
This paper introduces a new semiconductor power switch called the Voltage Controlled Switch. This MOS-
controlled device features a symmetric blocking voltage capability that allows back-to-back AC architectures
to be designed. Such a new AC switch architecture allows designers to implement overcurrent protected
universal dimmers with very low on-state losses. A 600W-230V wall dimmer example is presented with
practical circuitry and overall performances discussion.
3:00 S2c-3 High Frequency Full Digital Dimming Ballast
I. Oh, M. Rayabhari, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA
This paper proposes a full-digital dimming ballast with a dedicated Digital Power Controller (DPC) having a
driving frequency of 200~400[KHz] with a digital control method. The DPC has Digital Pulse Width
Modulation (DPWM) of 8 or 12-Bits resolution, as well as a typical microcontroller feature including a
sampled 8-bit A/D converter with an internal programmable memory. The variable frequency is used to drive
the series-resonant network with a compact fluorescent lamp. By changing the driving frequency, the lamp
can be preheated for accurate pre-heating time. A 32[W] power compact fluorescent lamp from GE lighting
is tested with a running frequency of 200[KHz] for maximum power and a pre-heating frequency of 400[KHz]
without any passive components for setting pre-heating or driving frequencies.

3:30 S2c-4 Multi-Phase Parallel Resonant Inverter Applied to HID Lamp Control
Ch. Branas Reyes, F.J. Azcondo, R. Casanueva, University of Cantabria, SPAIN
This paper presents the analysis and design of a new configuration of a resonant inverter suitable for high-
intensity discharge (HID) lamp ballast applications. The proposed inverter results from the parallel
connection of three class D LCp resonant inverters, sharing the total load current. In this way, a reduction of
the conduction losses is achieved. The dimming control is implemented at constant frequency, modifying
the phase displacement between the drive signals of each inverter. A 250W prototype has been built to
validate the design proposal.

Session S2d Emergent Technologies

Chairman Jean-Paul Beaudet, MGE UPS Systems, FRANCE

2:00 S2d-1 Electrical Implementation of Fuel Cells

Ch. Turpin, G. Fontes, S. Astier, R. Saisset, LEEI, FRANCE
The authors propose a synthesis of their research activities on the electrical implementation of fuel cells
since 1999. The high current low voltage character of fuel cells is presented and extended to the other
electrochemical components. The following topics are discussed: dimensioning, modelling for the Power
Electronics engineer, interactions between fuel cells and static converters, electrical piloting modes,
series/parallel associations.

2:30 S2d-2 Modelling, Simulation and Optimisation of a 2.5kW PEM Fuel Cell System
T. Bocklisch, H. Mehlich, Technical University Chemnitz, J. Bard, ISET, GERMANY
This paper presents the results of the experimental investigations, simulation and optimisation of a 2.5kW-
PEM fuel cell system. A dynamic simulation model for the fuel cell stack and the temperature and humidity
control circuits was developed. New nonlinear control strategies for the peripherical control circuits were
simulated and applied, leading to a significant improvement of energy quality and long term system stability.
The application of the fuel cell model for the design and optimization of decentralised renewable energy
systems was demonstrated.

3:00 S2d-3 Feedback on Operating Experience on a Fuel Cell in an Industrial Site

P. Paulmier, F. Touvard, Axane Fuel Cell Systems, FRANCE
This paper will deal with the operating experience of a fuel cell system prototype on an industrial
environment, what problems were encountered, how they were solved, what are the issues with reliability,
maintenance safety and operating experience and how this feed back will be used for further development
of an industrial product.

3:30 S2d-4 First Reliability Results of Supercapacitors for Urban Railway Energy Management
G. Coquery, R. Lallemand, INRETS, J. Chabas, SNCF, France

4 :20 – 6 :30 Poster / Dialogue Session

Chairmen Josef Lutz, Technical University Chemnitz, GERMANY
Philippe Ladoux, ENSEEIHT / INPT-CNRS, France
Dan Jones, Incremotion Associates, USA

PP-01 High Frequency Modeling of Unshielded Motor Cable in DC Adjustable Speed Drive
Application
Y. Weens, N. Idir, J.J. Franchaud, R. Bausiere, University de Lille, FRANCE
Commutations of power semiconductor devices are the principal sources of EMI in Adjustable Speed
Drives.The conducted emissions use the wired connections to travel and be propagated. To study the
influence of the power cable characteristics on the level of the conducted emissions, a precise model of
cables is used. The proposed model takes into account the effects of skin and proximity, and of the
dielectric losses, which appear when the frequency increases. By connecting the high frequency models of
the DC motor, cable and DC-DC converter, a simulation in frequency and time domain of the whole system
is presented.

PP-02 Smart Power Switch for 360W DC Motor Application with Fast Pulse Width Modulation
L. Guillot, F. Vareilhias, P. Rosado, Freescale Semiconducteurs, FRANCE
This paper presents an intelligent ultra low RDSON power switch driving DC motor in pulse width up to
60kHz with a duty cycle from 5% to 100%. We will explain how multi-chip approach allows to reach RDSON
of 4mOhms, reduce electromagnetic emissions and manage power dissipation. Moreover, the various smart
features included in the integrated circuit increases system reliability.
PP-03 A Modified Direct Torque Control Strategy for Flux and Torque Ripple Reduction for
Induction Motors Drive
R. Toufouti, H. Benalla, S. Meziane, University Constantine Algeria, ALGERIA
The direct torque control (DTC) of the asynchronous machine, belong to the category of the laws of order in
amplitude of the stator vector flux. Their principal advantages are the fast dynamics of response in the
torque and the robustness against the parametric variations (stator resistance). We propose in this study an
improvement of the performances of the traditional DTC by modifications of their truth table to minimize the
influence of the resistive term to the transient state.

PP-04 Effect of Impedance-Type Load on Dynamical Properties of Switched-Mode Converter

T. Suntio, S. Ruotsalainen, M. Hankaniemi, Tampere University of Technology, FINLAND
This paper will show that the impedance-type load interactions may not be removed by controller design if
the load is not exactly known. The reason for this is that the load effect would be reflected according to the
shape of unterminated open-loop output impedance not according to the shape of closed-loop output
impedance as it is commonly claimed. Therefore, only the design methods reducing the open-loop output
impedance would result in reduction of the load interactions at arbitrary load.

PP-05 The Optimization of High Frequency Operated Transformers with E-Cores-Application to

Resonant Converters
A. Stadler, M. Albach, S. Chromy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg,
GERMANY
In this paper the influence of the winding layout of high frequency operated transformers on the core losses
and also on the leakage inductance is investigated and verified by measurements. A method of summation
is used which is based on an integral equation for the magnetization and based on these results, some
design guidelines are derived in order to optimize these components.

PP-06 Performing Analysis and Design of Current Source Inverters with Limited Input
Inductance Complex Load
N.P. Gradinarov, N.L. Hinov, Technical University of Sofia, BULGARIA
This paper represents an original method of examining the current source inverters (CSI) with limited value
of the input inductance. This method stands on the idea representing the CSI as resonant inverter (RI)
operating at highly forced commutation of the switching devices. This analysis allows the design of CSI to
be performed the easy way very rapidly.

PP-07 Thermal Model Extraction as means to Thermal Management Improvement in PCB

Assembled Power Converters
E.C.W. de Jong, P. Bauer, J.A. Ferreira, Deft University of Technology, THE NETHERLANDS
An intuitive method of extracting a conservative thermal resistive network model from an existing PCB
assembled converter is investigated in order to improve upon the thermal management by increasing the
thermal functionality of the PCB itself. The thermal function of the PCB is brought to the forefront by using it
as heat transport medium between components and to the ambient in order to create an uniform
temperature distribution on the outer surfaces of the converter for ideal convective heat transport.

PP-08 A Compensation of Pole Commutated Inverter Types for Induction Motor Drives
Applications
V. Pickert, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
The paper provides an overview and critical assessment of pole commutated inverter (PCI) topologies. The
operation of various classes of PCI converters is discussed and illustrated through computer simulation.
Common and distinguishing features are identified, and converter performance analysed in terms of
normalised parameters. Of all PCI variants simulated, the auxiliary commutated pole inverter (ACPI) seems
to be the most promising. A 20kW ACPI has been designed and tested.

PP-09 Current Source Inverter with Energy Dosing

D.D. Arnaudov, Higher College of Telecommunication and Posts Sofia, N.P. Gradinarov, N.L.
Hinov, Technical University of Sofia, BULGARIA
A novel topology of full-bridge resonant inverters with limited voltage on the commutating capacitor (with
energy dosing) is investigated in this paper, for which the authors have a patent BG63558
(www.espacenet.com). In the paper are present analysis and formulas for design of this kind of inverters,
when they are used as high frequency power supplies for induction technologies.

PP-10 A New Power Electronic Control System Featuring 32-bit Microcontroller and FPGA
U. Franke, J. Petzoldt, Technical University Ilmenau, GERMANY
This paper presents a new power electronic control system comprised of the 32-bit TriCon microcontroller-
board and a Xilinx XC2V500 FPGA. The system is intended for use in application with fast signal transition
and many analog measures to be controlled. It allows for fast control, signal manipulation and error
management. It is shown that modules implemented in the FPGA can extend the peripherals of the
microcontroller and offload from time-critical processes. Hence a system with higher performance and more
flexibility is obtained.
PP-11 Enhancing Operating Range of Discrete Trench Field Stop IGBTs for Welding
Applications
P. Arun Kumar, Memco, INDIA
Discrete Trench Field Stop IGBTs have good conduction characteristics, but are suitable for 1-8KHz
switching frequency range. This feature is useful and preferable for welding inverter applications. MOSFET
aided switching enhances the switching characteristics of the IGBT as MOSFET handles the switching
transients and switching losses incurred. The paper will discuss that MOSFET aided switching inverter turns
the IGBTs on in ZVS mode and turns them off in near ZCS mode. This would reduce the switching loss
significantly. The R + C + D snubber is avoided and inverter’s efficiency is improved and the component
count for the inverter is reduced significantly.

PP-12 Analysis and Design of Converters for Power Supply High Intencity Gas-Discharge
Lamps by a Rectangular Low-Frequency Current
O. Bulatov, TKB, GERMANY, V. Poljakov, MPEI, RUSSIA
The outcomes of a stability study and dynamic properties of a power supply system of gas-discharge lamps
by a rectangular current are presented.The influence of non-linearity and inertance of an electrical
conductance of a lamp is taken into account. The serial power supplies of high pressure mercury arc lamps
and sodium lamps with approwed light spectrum power (100-600) W is created.

PP-13 Dimensioning and Control of a Switch-Mode Power Amplifier Employing a Capacitive

Coupled Linear-Mode Ripple Suppression Stage
H. Ertl, F.C. Zach, University of Technology Vienna, AUSTRIA, J.W. Kolar, ETH Zentrum,
SWITZERLAND
A new power amplifier system focused mainly to EMC testing applications is analyzed. The proposed
topology consists of a three-level switching power amplifier connected in parallel with a capacitive coupled
linear stage drawing off the output current ripple of the switch-mode stage resulting in a ripple-free total
output voltage. A further advantage is that the output impedance of the total system will be determined by
the linear stage and therefore can be kept very low.

PP-14 Novel Phase Decoupling and Coordinating Tolerance Band Current Control for Three-
Phase Three-Level PWM Rectifier Systems
S. Round, L. Dalessandro, J.W. Kolar, ETH Zentrum, SWITZERLAND
A tolerance band current controller is presented that provides phase decoupling control of a three-level,
three-phase rectifier and allows the utilization of the full modulation range. The novel current control method
provides co-ordinated switching between the phases and results in a near constant switching frequency.
Theoretical analysis of the control method is presented and the performance is experimental verified using a
5kW Vienna rectifier.

PP-15 System Identification - A Contribution to the Automatic Commissioning of Electrical

Drives
M. Pacas, S. Villwock, University Siegen, T. Eutebach, Lenze Drive Systems, GERMANY
For the automatic commissioning of electrical drives the identification of the real system is the first step to
be accomplished. This paper presents a reliably working method for identifying the mechanical subsystem
of a drive considering important safety aspects. The investigation of necessary practical circumstances is
presented. Theoretical analysis of proper signal processing and experimental results are included in the
paper.

PP-16 Mechanical Optimisation of Switched Reluctance Machines in Weak Supply Nets

A. Schramm, D. Gerling, University Bundeswehr München, GERMANY
Smooth operation of reluctance machines concerning torque ripple and acoustic noise requires overlapping
current flow in subsequent phases. In weak supply nets this may cause deep voltage drops resulting in
critical states, e.g. for the microelectronic devices. In this paper different mechanical measures concerning
the motor itself and the transmission of the drive are investigated, that appear to be suitable for decreasing
the voltage drops.

PP-17 Direct Drive System with Two Phase Transverse Flux Disc-Type Motor
I.-A. Viorel, A.D. Popan, L. Szabo, Technical University of Cluj, ROMANIA
The transverse flux (TF) machine has an excellent torque-to volume ratio compared to the conventional
machines. This paper is dedicated to a direct drive system based on a two-phase PMTFM with a quite
simple construction. Different variants of control, considering the stator-rotor pole configuration, are
presented and for a model, designed and under construction, some computed characteristics are given.

PP-18 Sensorless Multiscalar Controls of Induction Motor at Low Speed

M. Wlas, Z. Krzeminski, P. Stankiewicz, Gdansk University of Technology, POLAND
Application of the speed observer to two types of nonlinear control systems of the induction motor is
considered in the paper. The first multiscalar control systems are based on stator current and rotor flux
vectors. The second is a new multiscalar model based on stator current and stator flux vectors. The
effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been confimed by simulations and experiments.
PP-19 Control System based on the Modified Multiscalar Model for the Double Fed Machine
A. Geniusz, SEG, GERMANY, Z. Krzeminski, Technical University of Gdansk, POLAND
The control system based on the modified multiscalar model of the double fed machine is presented in the
paper. The nonlinear feedback function devides the system in two independent linear subsystems. There is
no mutual dependence observed by the transients for active and reactive power. The active and reactive
power is controlled by using linear PI controllers. There is no need of using a cascade control system. The
results of simulations are presented.

PP-20 Improving the Dynamic Response of Four-Leg Active Power Filter under Non-Ideal Mains
Voltage Condition
E. Ozdemir, M. Ucar, Kocaeli University, TURKEY
This paper presents a new control algorithm for improving the dynamic response of 4-leg shunt active power
filter (SAPF) to eliminate harmonics, to compensate reactive power and neutral currents and to balance load
currents simultaneously under unbalanced and/or distorted mains voltage conditions. The performance of
the 4-leg SAPF with proposed control algorithm is found effective and adequate for harmonic and reactive
power compensation, load balancing and neutral current elimination under all non-ideal mains voltage
conditions.

PP-21 Converter for Two-Quadrant with an RNSIC Converter

D. Alexa, I.V. Pletea, R. Chiper, S. Vinatoru, Technical University "Gh.Asachi" of Iasi, F.
Ionescu, University of Bucharest, ROMANIA, J.P. Six, University of Siences and Technologies
de Lille, FRANCE
The electric energy losses as well as electromagnetic pollution of the environment by the modern electric or
electronic apparatus running in a commutating regime may be reduced to minimum with the help of power
electronics, field which will be well developed in the next century in order to modernize industry, transport,
telecommunications, etc.

PP-22 Advanced AC Alternator Control, Reducing Charging Times for Battery Banks
Ch. Saniter, M. Wolmuth, R. Hanitsch, Technical University Berlin, GERMANY
Energy generation using ac alternators and batteries for energy storage is a well known application.
Charging times for discharged batteries are initially directly related to the maximum current that can be
handled by the generator. Increasing the number of alternators for sufficiently large battery banks,
increasing the excitation current within the safe operating area and an improved energy management yield
reduced losses and charging times and thus reduce costs.

PP-23 Power Quality in Case of a Large Number of Nonlinear Devices - Measurements and
Forecast
B. Dumnic, D. Ostojic, V. Katic, Faculty of Technical Sciences, SERBIA and MONTENEGRO
The paper discusses power quality issues in case of simultaneous connection of a large number of low
power nonlinear loads, like personal computers (PC), air conditioning, fluorescent tubes and similar
electronic devices to the grid. Also in the paper are given results of measurements on several locations,
results of Matlab simulation and forecast of further situation.

PP-24 Transients in Doubly Fed Induction Machines due to Supply Voltage Sags
Y. Plotkin, Ch. Saniter, D. Schulz, R. Hanitsch, Technical University Berlin, GERMANY
Grid codes have emerged in many countries which require wind farms to stay connected to the grid for a
certain period of time and to maintain operation during voltage sags (ride-through capability). This is due to
the increasing contribution of wind farms to the overall electrical power production. Transients in doubly fed
induction machines (DFIM), commonly found as wind energy generators, caused by voltage sags are
investigated and described in a comprehensible way.

Sessions – Wednesday, June 08, 2005

9:00 Key Note Paper
"Power Converters for Particle Accelerators. Development and Production of Large
Hadron Collider (LHC) Powering System"
Dr. Fréderick Bordry, CERN, SWITZERLAND
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the next accelerator being constructed on the CERN site. It will be
installed in a 27 km circumference tunnel, about 100 m underground. The LHC design is based on
superconducting magnets (up to 9T) which operate in a super fluid helium bath at 1.9 K. This machine is
scheduled to come into operation in the year 2007. In all, there will be 1720 power converters having a total
steady state input power of 63 MW and a peak power of 86 MW. They will supply a total current of about
1850 kA and are, in general, characterised by having high current (up to 20kA) and low voltage with very
high precision. The presentation will describe the different phases of the LHC power converter development,
production and test. The collaboration between CERN, institutes and industries will be highlighted.
Session S3a Fast Switching Devices
Chairman Serge Bontemps, APT Europe, FRANCE

10:15 S3a-1 A New Generation of 600V GaAs Schottky Diodes for High Power Density PFC
Applications
S. Steinhoff, IXYS, M. Reddig, University of Applied Sciences Augsburg, S. Knigge, Ferdinand-
Braun-Institut f. Höchstfrequenztechnik, GERMANY
A new 600V GaAs Power Schottky diode is compared with Si and SiC diodes in a 200W CCM-PFC system.
With both, GaAs and SiC, the PFC system losses were reduced up to 25%. Higher on-state losses of GaAs
vs. SiC are compensated by lower MOSFET losses due to the GaAs’ lower junction capacitance. Given the
cost advantage and ruggedness of GaAs compared to SiC technology, this new GaAs diode is a very
promising device for high frequency and high power density applications.

10:45 S3a-2 New 5.2kV Extra Fast Recovery Diodes for IGBT and IGCT Applications
A. Golland, F. Wakeman, G. Li, Westcode Semiconductors, UK
A new class of high power extra fast recovery diode optimised for IGBT and IGCT applications is presented.
These diodes incorporate a novel p-emitter structure and lifetime control to offer real improvements in
dynamic performance combined with improved safe operating area and high reliability. Test data is
presented along with projections for a range of commercial products in industry standard pressure contact
housings from 47mm to 100mm.

11:15 S3a-3 Considerations on Design of Antiparallel Diodes for Combination of IGBT and Diodes in
one Package
W. Frank, Infineon Technologies, AUSTRIA, H. Hüsken, Infineon Technologies, GERMANY
The design of the antiparallel diode in Duopack-like devices (IGBT and Diode in one package) influences
the cost and the performance of the overall IGBT-diode-system. The smaller the diode the lower the
switching losses and the costs are. Then the thermal resistance RthJC of the diode gets worse and the
conduction losses increase additionally. The balance of the power losses between IGBT and diode in
combination with the individual Rth is therefore an important measure to get correctly sized diodes. This
paper discusses the main aspects of the design of antiparallel diodes and shows the loss balance at an
example for a 1kW drive.

11:45 S3a-4 SPT+, the Next Generation of Low-Loss HV-IGBTs

M. Rahimo, U. Schlapbach, R. Schnell, A. Kopta, S. Linder, ABB Semiconductors,
SWITZERLAND
Following the successful introduction of the high voltage Soft-Punch-Through (SPT) IGBT range, the next
generation 3.3kV IGBTs employing the newly developed SPT+ technology is introduced in this paper for the
first time. The new devices exhibit significant loss reduction in terms of Vce(sat) and Eoff while maintaining
smooth switching waveforms and the extreme SOA performance characteristic of HV-SPT IGBTs.

Session S3b AC/DC Power Conversion

Chairman Bruce Carsten, Bruce Carsten Associates, USA

10:15 S3b-1 Inverter Topologies with Soft-Switched Transistors

F. Renken, Siemens VDO Automotive, GERMANY
In the Paper soft-switched inverter topologies for use in static uninterruptible power supplies is examined. At
first the electrical overview of an uninterruptible power supply system is shown. Inverters for such systems
are presented and their requirements are described. Then several soft switched inverter topologies for these
systems are simulated. The function of the inverters is described in detail and the switching processes are
analysed. At last inverters with hard and soft switched transistors are compared on the basis of practical
measurements with each other.

10:45 S3b-2 The "PWM Switch" Concept included in Mode Transitioning SPICE Models
Ch. Basso, ON Semiconductor, FRANCE
In the 90’s, Vatché Vorpérian from the JET Propulsory lab. in Passedena, derived his famous PWM Switch
model for switching converters. Unfortunately, his original models did not lend themselves to making flexible
current-mode and voltage-mode SPICE models, to help study transient and small-signal power supply
behaviours. This paper details how to re-derive Vorpérian models to build extremely simple and efficient
SPICE models, able to automatically operate in both DCM/CCM modes. A complete current-mode SPICE
model, predicting instabilities in CCM and automatically transitioning into DCM, is then introduced. This is
the first model capable of a) self transitioning between CCM and DCM b) able to find its DC point c)
predicting subharmonic oscillations in CCM.
11:15 S3b-3 Lossless Snubber Circuit in Flyback Converter and its Utilization for a Low Operating
Voltage
I. Oh, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA
In a typical Flyback converter, the major switching losses are caused when the power switch is turned off.
Particularly, the tune-on switching loss is small or almost zero because the power device is turned on with
zero starting current. Also there must be a snubber circuit so as to limit the voltage spike caused by stray
and leakage inductance of main transformer. Typically Resistor-Capacitor-Diode (RCD) snubber is widely
used. But the resistor in RCD snubber dissipates a power. In addition, there must be an auxiliary winding at
main transformer for providing a low operating voltage of control IC. This paper proposes a utilizing method
of useless energy for a low operating voltage based on a lossless snubber circuit and compared its
performance with RCD snubber. The experimental results are provided by using 60[W] AC to DC Flyback
converter.

11:45 S3b-4 Design of a Forward Converter in Planar Technology for High Temperature Applications
C. Larouci, ESTACA, K. Larouci, Schlumberger, Y. Berrouche, Tronico, FRANCE
The proposed paper is registered within the work related to planar technology. The aim of this study is to
present a design method of a power supplies in planar technology for a low volume and a high temperature
applications. Firstly, the studied structure as well as the specifications are presented. Then, the proposed
design method is detailed and applied to design the transformer and the output inductor of a forward
converter. Finally, the design results are given and checked by simulation and validated by experiment
thanks to a carried out prototype.

Session S3c Mechatronic Systems

Chairman Helmut Knöll, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, GERMANY

10:15 S3c-1 Design and Application of Algorithms for Feed Forward Control of Coupled Machine Tool
Axes under the Presence of Mechanical Elasticities
C. Hamm, W. Papiernik, Siemens, GERMANY
The position control of servo axes typically incorporates a standard cascaded structure accompanied by a
feed forward control to enhance the dynamic behavior. The article to be presented at the PCIM Europe
2005 conference will discuss new findings for feed forward control of machine tools with mechanically
coupled axes under the presence of mechanical resonances.

10:45 S3c-2 Active Compensation of Structural Oscillations on Large Gantry Machine Tools
G. Stoeppler, Siemens, GERMANY, S. Douglas, John Moores University, UK
Large gantry type machine tools subject to high accelerations can give rise to structural oscillations that
adversely affect the cutting process. Contrary to the current design practice, a novel concept is presented
which compensates for structural oscillation through the addition of a high dynamic piezo actuator. The
actuator is controlled such that the tool moves in a manner to which cancels out the structural oscillation.
With this concept, 70% of the structural oscillation may be compensated.

11:15 S3c-3 Development of Flexible Mechatronic Machines in the Packaging Industry

A. Möltner, T. Cord, ELAU, GERMANY
PC based control in connection with Servo drives as a basis for modern, mechatronic machine concepts
in the packaging industry / - Easy to use Motion Function Blocks for fast machine set up / Coupling of Servo
drives via electronic cams to a virtual master axis / Electronic linearisation of non linear gears (Crank) /
Online modification of the motion laws for print mark control.

11:45 S3c-4 Development of Steer-By-Wire System with Direct Drive Torque Feedback
M. Tomasini, S. Bolognani, M. Zigliotto, University of Padova, ITALY
This paper describes a method of controlling a Steer-by-Wire system with direct drive torque feedback (i.e.
gearless solution). The control scheme does not use any torque sensor: torque information is derived from
two observers. Steering feel is greatly improved since the reaction torque sensed by the driver is an image
of contact patch reaction only. Great care over the choice of the motors (type, fault-tolerant, redundancy,
torque ripple, efficiency, size and weight, cost,..) have been taken.

Session S3d Distributed Generation

Chairman Hilmar Darrelmann, RWE Piller, GERMANY

10:15 S3d-1 Participation of Distributed Renewable Generation on the Grid Control and Grid Support
D. Schulz, S. Schostan, R. Hanitsch, Technical University Berlin, GERMANY
In the paper the technical possibilities of distributed generation participation for control and support of the
public grid will be shown. Further increase of distributed generation, especially wind turbines, and
decreased fossil and nuclear generation demand a new strategy for primary and secondary grid control. The
theory of this approach and simulation results for different scenarios of a mixed energy conversion with
conventional and distributed renewable power plants will be introduced.

10:45 S3d-2 Small Variable Speed Power Plant on Drinking Water Network
H.-P. Biner, M. Dubas, A. Germanier, Haute Ecole du Valais, SWITZERLAND
A 50 kW turbine is used to recover the hydraulic energy lost in the pressure reduction valve at the inlet of
the urban water network. A highly variable flow rate and a constant outlet pressure require the design of a
variable speed power plant. The turbine is in fact a pump running backwards and the generator is also a
standard component. A frequency converter with large inlet voltage has been developed. It can be used for
photovoltaic, windmills and small hydropower plants.
11:15 S3d-3 Set-Up of an Experimental Bench for Islanding Detection Methods Evaluation
B. Raison, LEG & IDEA, C. Andrieu, Schneider Electric & IDEA, FRANCE
Detecting the non intentional islanding operation of grid connected inverters is a major safety issue since
this situation creates hazard for personnel and equipment. This article presents the building of a bench
including a single-phase inverter dedicated to study the local islanding creation and the way to protect the
system against it. The paper summarizes the standard anti-islanding tests and the state of the art relative to
the associated worldwide research. The main theoretical approaches and experimental results are
presented.

11:45 S3d-4 Flicker Mitigation using IGBT Controlled Tap-Changed Transformer

H. Abdulrahman, P. Bauer, Delft University of Technology, THE NETHERLANDS
Electronic tap changers with continuous regulation of the secondary voltage was previously designed. The
field test showed increase level of flicker. This paper deals with the sources of the flicker and the suggested
solution improves the design for flicker mitigation.

Session S4a Power Modules & Hybrids

Chairman Leo Lorenz, Infineon Technologies Asia-Pacific, SINGAPORE

1:15 S4a-1 New Power Module Structure for Efficiency Improvement in Fast Switching Power
Applications (>50kHz, >1KW)
M. Frisch, Tyco Electronics Power Systems, GERMANY, E. Temesi, Tyco Electronics EC,
HUNGARY
The paper describes how the characteristics of power components together with the pin- and layout
influences the power losses in fast switching applications. It provides a detailed efficiency comparison for
different components and layouts and highlights the critical parameters in the system. In addition the article
provides examples for reducing power losses using low cost power modules optimized for high frequency
applications.

1:45 S4a-2 Properties of a New PrimePACKTM IGBT Module Concept for Optimized Electrical and
Thermal Interconnection to a Modern Converter Environment
O. Schilling, R. Spanke, M. Wölz, eupec, GERMANY
We present a new power module concept for the power range of 100-300kW that is specifically optimized
for the integration in a modern converter. The most important benefits are improved thermal properties, a
low stray inductance and an advantageous interface to both driver board and load circuitry. Studies on the
device performance are presented based on measurements and numerical simulations.

2:15 S4a-3 Paralleling of Chips - From the Classical "Worst Case" Consideration to a Statistical
Approach
U. Scheuermann, Semikron Elektronik, GERMANY
Paralleling is a fundamental concept in power electronics application. To estimate the unbalance caused by
the variation of parameters of the paralleled elements, a ‘worst case’ consideration is often performed by
assuming the combination of elements at the upper and lower specification limit. This approach neglects the
probability of the occurrence of such a combination. As an example, the impact of different on-state losses
on the DC current sharing is considered. Using measured statistical distributions on the spread of on-state
losses for an IGBT and a diode, the ‘worst case’ analysis is evaluated and a proposal for a statistical
approach to define a realistic de-rating factor is presented.

2:45 S4a-4 A Novel Family of 1200V Transfer Mold Converter - Inverter - Brake (CIB) Modules driven
by a new 1200V High Voltage Integrated Circuit (1200V HVIC)
M. Honsberg, Mitsubishi Electric Europe, GERMANY
Transfer mold manufacturing technology has been successfully applied to Intelligent Power Modules (IPM)
containing 600V HVICs and IGBTs for more than 5 years now. This paper presents the next pioneering
step of transfer mold technology, a 1200V CIB module rated from 10A up to 25A/1200V. Dedicated 1200V
halfbridge HVICs have been developed to drive and protect the new DIP-CIB modules. A complete power
stage for inverters up to 3.7kW including 3~ input rectifier, brake chopper and 3~ inverter as well as the
NTC for temperature sensing of the baseplate has been "transfer molded" into one compact package
respecting minimum creepage and clearance distances required from UL.

Session S4b DC/DC Converter Topologies

Chairman Dehong Xu, Zhejiang University, CHINA

1:15 S4b-1 Power Solutions for Power over Ethernet (PoE) Applications
D. Gehrke, Texas Instruments, GERMANY
Power over Ethernet (PoE) is an emerging new capability to deliver data and power to internet appliances
over existing CAT-5 Ethernet cables. PoE is governed by the standards defined in IEEE802.3af. This paper
will cover the PoE standard and will provide practical implementations of isolated and non isolated PoE
power supply solutions for implementations of powered devices (PD) like VoIP phones, wireless access
points, security cameras and point-of-sale terminals.
1:45 S4b-2 A Novel Step Down Auxiliary Power Supply Employed in a Micro Drive for Three Phase
Tesla's Induction Motor
P.J. Grbovic, Schneider Toshiba Inverters, NEW ZEALAND, S.N. Vukosavic, Univeristy of
Belgrade, SERBIA and MONTENEGRO
In this paper the authors proposed and analysed a novel solution for low power, low cost auxiliary power
supply based on step down topology with floating control circuit and indirect output voltage regulation. The
proposed solution can be employed to feed a control unit and gate drive circuits in a micro PWM inverter for
a three phase Tesla’s induction motor in low cost variable speed applications. Experimental verification of
15V at 150 mA auxiliary power supply has been done.

2:15 S4b-3 Paralleling of MOSFETs and IGBTs in ZVS Inverter with Resonant Load
K.F. Hoffmann, J.P. Kärst, Philips Medical Systems DMC, GERMANY
For many high power applications like ZVS inverter with resonant load power devices are desirable which
combine the switching characteristics of a MOSFET with the conducting behaviour of an IGBT. This paper
presents a power switch for higher frequencies with an excellent performance realized by the parallel
connection of corresponding MOSFETs and IGBTs. The advantages of both the unipolar and the bipolar
power semiconductors have been combined avoiding the drawbacks of these different semiconductor types.

2:45 S4b-4 The PMODE Technique: Association of Input Power and Output Voltage for closing the
Loop in Quasi-Resonant Converter
F. Lhermite, ON Semiconductor, FRANCE
The paper presents a novel technique that is an evolution of the well known IMODE technique used for
regulation in power converters. This novel technique called PMODE is ideally suited to solve the difficulty
appearing in the Quasi-Resonant Converters i.e. the power clamp in case of overload is depending on the
mains input voltage. The PMODE allows a precise power clamp and also improves the dynamic
performance of the control loop.

Session S4c Motors and Actuators

Chairman Alfredo Vagati, Politecnico de Torino, ITALY

1:15 S4c-1 Investigation of a Fault-Tolerant IPM Motor used in Critical Applications

M. Dai Prè, N. Bianchi, D. Bon, University of Padova, ITALY
This paper deals with the design of interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor for a mechatronic system that
requiring an imperative fault-tolerant capability. A redundant solution with two IPM motors is proposed. In
addition the IPM motor has to exhibit very low braking torque after a short-circuit fault. Useful relationships
between the maximum braking torque and the motor parameters are presented and used in the design of
the motor. Experimental results are given in the full paper.

1:45 S4c-2 External-Rotor Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Motor for Direct-Drive Elevator

Systems
C. Giampiero, Daldoss Elevetronic, N. Bianchi, G. Grezzani, University of Padova, ITALY
The direct drive solutions are more and more required by several applications in order to eliminate the gear
boxes. The aim of the paper is to search analytically the motor solution that presents the maximum torque-
to-volume ratio. Simulated and experimental results are reported and compared with the analytical
approach, showing a satisfactory agreement. They refer to a SPM topology with an external SPM rotor. The
key characteristics of such a configuration are underlined.

2:15 S4c-3 Fast Design of DC Brush Motors by Combining Analytical and Numerical Approach
A. Ackva, G. Ombach, J. Junak, Siemens VDO Automotive, GERMANY
The aim of this paper is to present a design procedure of the DC brush motors for the automotive industry.
The applied procedure combines an analytical and numerical approach to receive good accuracy and fast
development time from the motor's specification to the market. The numerical methods are required for an
accurate magnetic modeling of the DC motors. Combining them with analytical models and also laboratory
verification it is possible to obtain an effective tool for the rapid development and optimization.

2:45 S4c-4 Dynamic Simulation of Torque Ripple, caused by Magnetic Air Gap Asymmetries in
Induction Machines
A. Rentschler, A. Binder, Technical University Darmstadt, GERMANY
A method for dynamic simulation of squirrel cage induction machines with consideration of winding
distribution, slot openings, and magnetic eccentricities (asymmetries) is presented. For the simulation the
object oriented environment DYMOLA is used. An analytic model validates the simulation results.

3:15 S4c-5 Innovations in Iron Core Linear Brushless DC Motors

M. Godkin, BEI KIMCO Magnetics Division, USA
This paper analyzes a new design of a rectangular linear brushless DC motor with a composite iron core
armature, which reduces the detent force by employing the appropriate geometry of the end teeth of the
laminations and describes configuration of the stack assembly, which allows any change in mounting holes
pattern.
Session S4d New Converter Concepts for Alternative Energy Power Conversion
Chairman Alfred Rufer, EPFL, SWITZERLAND

1:15 S4d-1 High Power Tapped-Inductor Boost Converter for Fuel Cell Applications
I. Merfert, O. Krykonov, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, GERMANY
The voltage of high-power fuel cell shows a strong load dependence at comparatively low voltages. In order
to provide a stable voltage of 750 VDC on the DC-link for feeding electrical energy into the mains via a three
phase inverter a step-up converter with a large step-up ratio is required. To meet this requirement a range
of converter topologies has been analysed to find an optimal topology. For non-isolated converters the
boost converter with a tapped inductor has been chosen and designed to fit into a 5 kW electrical fuel cell
system. This paper demonstrates the criteria for the topology selection, the designing considerations,
especially of the magnetics, a calculated practical design and experimental results with a microcontroller
controlled demonstration circuit.

1:45 S4d-2 Modular Fuel Cell Inverter System with Integrated High Efficient Auxiliary Supply
P. Ide, J. Kunze, Delta Energy Systems, H. Wetzel, N. Fröhleke, University of Paderborn,
GERMANY
An innovative, flexible modular concept for fuel cell inverter system with overall efficiency is presented and
compared with conventional solution. Not only main energy flow during normal operation but also start-up
process and auxiliary power supply is implied by the loss analysis. According to proposed concept auxiliary
power supply is integrated into the modular inverter system.

2:15 S4d-3 ZVZCS Isolated Converter for Renewable Energy System with Extra Wide Voltage Range
R. Li, N. Fröhleke, J. Böcker, University of Paderborn, P. Ide, Delta Energy Systems,
GERMANY
A novel isolated current-fed full-bridge DC-DC converter with wide input voltage range is proposed. The
voltage transient spikes across the current-fed bridge and the current stress of the current-fed side switches
are limited by auxiliary active clamping circuits on both sides, and ZVZCS is achieved. The operating
principles and design considerations are discussed and verified by simulations and measurements.

2:45 S4d-4 A Dual Feed High Power Boost (DC:DC:AC) Converter for Hybrid & Fuel Cell Vehicles
L. Zhu, F. Flett, Ballard Power Systems, USA
Summary: (1) A dual feed high power DC:DC:AC boost converter topology in one power module for Hybrid
& Fuel Cell Vehicles traction drive; (2) The system efficiency can be increased through the variable voltage
control of both DC Bus lines to the AC power inverter stage.(3) Superior packaging density; (4) Inductor
sizing and packaging is enhanced through current sharing and increased switching frequency; (5) Lower
ripple current due to interleaving switching scheme.

3:30 – 5:30 Poster / Dialogue Session

Chairmen Gerhard Pfaff, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, GERMANY
Salvatore Chiama, Consultant, ITALY
Silvio Colombi, General Electric, SWITZERLAND

PP-25 Inverter Stage with High Small Signal Bandwidth

K. Edelmoser, Technical University of Vienna, AUSTRIA
Modern Power inverters in the range of several kilowatts operating at medium voltage levels (several
hundred volts) deal with the disadvantage of the limited switching frequency due to the rising switching
losses. The proposed topology uses cascaded power stages operating at different voltage levels to
overcome the known problems. As a result an inverter stage with significantly improved small signal
bandwidth and improves output signal quality is presented in the paper.

PP-26 Asymmetrical PWM with Frequency Tracking Control of Half-Bridge Series Resonant
Inverter for Induction Cookers
J. Tian, J. Petzoldt, Technical University Ilmenau, T. Reimann, ISLE, GERMANY
This paper presents an effective control method of series resonant half bridge inverter for induction cookers,
in which asymmetrical pulse width modulation (APWM) control is used as power regulation, a phase-locked
loop as frequency tracking control to maintain zero-voltage-switching over wide load range. The system
configuration and operation based on FPGA are described. Steady characteristics and small signal model
are given. Selection of snubber capacitor and ZVS boundary condition are discussed. Simulation and
experiment results are given.

PP-27 Research of Current Distribution in IGBT Modules with Multiple Chips in Parallel
M. Bäßler, M. Münzer, eupec, S. Burkert, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, GERMANY
Today in modern IGBT modules with nominal current higher 150A it is necessary to parallel many IGBT
chips. In such parallel connection it is essential to find an optimal trade-off between homogeneous strain of
paralleled chips and a suitable package for a concrete application. In the following paper we take a look at
existing module concepts via a new miniaturized Rogowski coils. These measurement results will be
supported by simulations with a state of the art magnetic field simulator and P-Spice.
PP-28 Calculating Parasitic Capacitance of Three-Phase Common-Mode Chokes
S.-P. Weber, M. Schinkel, S. Guttowski, Fraunhofer IZM, GERMANY
Common-mode chokes provide high impedance up to some kHz. At higher frequencies parasitic
capacitance limits their applicability. This paper contains a study on parasitic behaviour and an approach to
take into account the real frequency domain behaviour of the components during the design of EMC of
power electronic systems.

PP-29 Requirements of the Interface for Integrated Simulator

P. Bauer, Delft Universtiy of Technology, P.J. van Duijsen, Simulation Research, THE
NETHERLANDS
This paper wants to show the latest development and directions in the Power Electronic simulations. Two
points are addressed: Open interface for data exchange for integrated simulation and Easy visualisation of
Simulation results. As typical power electronics system analyses consist of many aspects and is
multidisciplinary where an open interface and integrated approach is applied. Communication between
various tools and its structure is described in the paper and illustrated by many examples. Finally a
visualization method of the simulation results is introduced.

PP-30 Planar Inductive Components in the Vicinity of Conductive, Permeable Material

S. Schuh, M. Albach, R. Koch, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, GERMANY
For EMC-shielding or cooling purposes metallic material is used in close vicinity to the power electronic
components. This material is conductive and may also be permeable. In this paper the influence of
conductive layers on the behaviour of magnetic components is investigated and verified by additional
measurements.

PP-31 A Power Supply for High Brightness LEDs with Dimming Features
G. Di Stefano, F. Cacciotto, STMicroelectronics, ITALY
The paper presents an innovative solution to supply and to dim an array of high brightness LEDs (Light
Emitting Diodes) using the VIPer22A device in flyback configuration with output current control.

PP-32 An Extrapolation Method for Accelerated Convergence to Steady State Solution of Power
Electronics Circuits
M. Stojsavljevic, HDL Design House, P. Pejovic, University of Belgrade, SERBIA and
MONTENEGRO
A new algorithm to accelerate simulation of steady state waveforms of power electronic converters is
presented. The algorithm is based on the Aitken’s method, which is generalized to handle vector functions,
and then slightly modified to be capable of handling circuits that expose dynamic degeneration, like the
power electronic converters operating in the discontinuous conduction mode. The algorithm does not
require any pre knowledge bout the circuit operation.

PP-33 A New Innovative Technology for Automotive IPS with Smaller Dimensions, Stronger
Reliability Performance and Reduced EMI Disturbances
A. Longhitano, STMicroelectronics, ITALY
The market request for automotive IPS to now was concentrated on power capability, thermal performances
and reliable protection. New requests for applications need components smaller, able to manage more
power on better safety conditions for the car. New requests are a ‘fault tolerant’ feature, to ensure the
continuity of the service on case of temporary failure, and low EM emission. A new technology was
performed to realize these requests.

PP-34 Energy Saver Converters for Home Appliance Systems with Low Power Requirements
M. Sciortino, F. Gennaro, STMicroelectronics, ITALY
This paper regards energy saver converters for home appliances with low power level requirements. A
capacitive passive power supply and an innovative low cost SMPS Buck converter have been compared in
terms of output voltage regulation, stand-by power consumption, efficiency and EMI, under the same output
power conditions in the order of 0.5W. Finally, some modifications to the Buck converter have been
introduced in order to extend the output power level up to 1.2W.

PP-35 Safe Operating Limits in Linear Mode for the Latest Generation of Low Voltage Power
MOSFETs: A Mathematical Model and Experimental Results
G. Consentino, G. Bazzano, STMicroelectronics, ITALY
In the modern low voltage power MOSFETS, working in linear mode, experimental data have shown an
anomalous thermal failure which limits the theoretical FBSOA (forward-biased safe operating area). This
paper illustrates a mathematical model which identifies some parameters and second-order effects useful to
know and prevent the anomalous thermal failure mechanism.

PP-36 Divide and Conquer, Multi Chip Smart Power Devices Partitioning Power and Control to
achieve better Load Control and Measurement for Low Power Loss Applications
A. Craig, J. Gillberg, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA
Traditional “Smart Power “Monolithic Technologies are reaching their limits in Power Efficiencies. Multi chip
smart power switch technology approach allows the use of the lowest power loss devices that the footprint
will allow. Multi chip smart power switch technology allows for more accurate measurement of low voltage
drops and currents. A discussion of the trade offs between the monolithic technologies and multi chip smart
power technology and when one design approach is favored over the other follows.
PP-37 Theoretical Converter Power Density Limits for Forced Convection Cooling
U. Drofenik, G. Laimer, J.W. Kolar, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich,
SWITZERLAND
In this paper the theoretical converter power density limit for forced convection cooling is investigated.
Increasing the power semiconductor junction temperature and, therefore, the heat sink temperature makes
the heat transfer via forced convection much more effective. This beneficial effect of higher temperatures is
partly offset by increased system losses. Designing thermally optimized heat sinks for today’s commercially
available fans is shown to be the key to a converter system optimized in terms of power density.

PP-38 Speed Control of Field-Oriented PM-Hybrid Stepping Motor using H2 Robust Strategy
C. Szász, Technical University of Cluj, ROMANIA
As it known, the field-oriented control strategy of the AC drives applied to the stepping motors can improve
fundamentally the dynamic performances of this actuator. In order to achieve the insensitivity of the motor
regarding the parameter variations and external disturbances, a robust control strategy is proposed too.
Carefully numerical simulations and laboratory experiments using a H2 controller are carried out in order to
prove the high dynamic performances of the motor.

PP-39 A Technique for Improving the Efficiency and Reducing the Noise and Cost of Half and
Full-Bridge Brushless DC Motor Controller Circuits
L.P. Armstrong, Zetex Semiconductors PLC, UK
A novel technique is introduced that makes use of existing Pulse Width Modulation already used for speed
control within half and full-bridge brushless DC motor controllers to actively reduce the excessive currents
present at the end of a commutation period. These currents, and resultant back emf voltages, can be
excessive and provide very little by way of torque. Removal of these currents therefore provides
improvements in efficiency together with reduced component costs and lower acoustic noise.

PP-40 Energy Saving Motor Drives for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Applications
S.B. Tennakoon, Staffordshire University, M. Addy, Savawatt, T. Lehal, Envision Concepts, UK
Energy saving motor drives for refrigeration and air-conditioning applications are based on the principle of
determining the optimum operating point which minimises the input power drawn from the supply.
Laboratory and field tests show that energy savings of up to 30% can be achieved by drives using analogue
electronics which require installation by approved skilled engineers. A self adaptive prototype digital motor
drive with added functionality was developed. The new drive does not require skilled engineers for
installation. Tests have shown that improved energy savings can be achieved.

PP-41 Device Profile for Drives and Motion Control to Reach Interchangeability
R. Zitzmann, CAN in Automation, GERMANY
Based on the higher layer protocol CANopen, members of the international users’ and manufacturers’ group
CAN in Automation (CiA) improved the existing device profile for drives and motion control (CiA DS 402).
The purpose of this profile is to give drives a defined behavior on the CAN bus in order to make different
drives of different manufacturers interoperable or even interchangeable. The device profile defines not only
default communication parameters but also a drive status machine, which describes a specific internal and
external behavior.

PP-42 Device Power Losses of a Resonant Matrix Converter

A. Ecklebe, W. Fischer, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, GERMANY
This paper describes the principle of a direct matrix converter for resonant loads and especially for
contactless energy transmission systems. The possibility of using different bidirectional switches is
presented and the device power losses for an operation with different switch configurations are investigated.
Simplifications and resulting restrictions of the simulation models are presented. A comparison between
simulation results and measurements is performed.

PP-43 Active Stall Constant Speed Wind Turbine during Transient Grid Fault Events and
Sudden Changes in Wind Speed
L. Mihet-Popa, University of Timisoara, ROMANIA, J.M. Pacas, University Siegen, GERMANY
This paper focuses on simulation the behavior of the active stall constant-speed wind turbine using cage
rotor induction generator during transient grid fault events, sudden changes in wind speed and during
normal operation. The work aims to develop and implement in DIgSILENT software tool a wind generator
model that is intended to simulate the interaction between a 2 MW wind turbine and the power system. The
power quality impact of the wind turbine has also been investigated through the comparison of the
computed characteristics from simulations with measured power quality characteristics.

PP-44 Power Quality in Low Voltage Grids with Storage Units and a High Penetration of
Distributed Power Generation
M. Bodach, T. Flemming, H. Mehlich, W. Hiller, J. Lutz, Chemnitz University of Technology,
GERMANY
Renewable energies are a rapidly growing field of suppliers in the energy grid. Besides plenty of
advantages, there are also problems, especially the high fluctuations of electrical energy. These fluctuations
may cause e.g. long and short time voltage dips or harmonics in the grid, they affect the power quality or
may cause harm to other equipments. To find solutions to avoid these bad effects, simulations of the
dynamic behaviour of the sources and of the loads are necessary. The paper shows that energy storage
units are a solution to hold the power quality and to improve the energy management.
PP-45 Real-Time Monitoring and Characterisation of Voltage Dips in Electrical Supply Networks
A. Kuznietsov, ZES Zimmer Electronic Systems, GERMANY
This paper describes a measuring approach to evaluate voltage dips in electrical supply networks. The
purpose of this system is not only to quantify the registered events regarding the time, the depth and
duration but also to find out the reason of a particular dip. A special attention is paid to a knowledge based
classification of voltage dips as well as to an implementation of algorithms in real time mode.

PP-46 EMI Interferences in DC/DC Converters

D. Maga, R. Hartansky, J. Sitár, P. Uhlik, University of Alexnder Dubcek, SLOVAKIA
The paper deals with measurement upper harmonic components. They brew up activity of step-up DC/DC
converter unidirectional voltage. The converter is supply with using two separated sources (power part and
control converter part). Even if appear that system is not have any capability dictate evidently his environs is
not completely true. On formation undesirable interferences is point of informative measurement form with
using spectrum analyzer.

PP-47 Distributed GATE ESR and its Effect on Shoot through Performance at the Die Level
A. Elbanhawy, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA
In synchronous buck converters, the shoot through phenomenon can play a major role as a source of power
loss or even failure in a given system. Papers that have been published so far treat the gate ESR resistor,
Rg, as a lumped parameter while in the real world Rg is a distributed parameter. We will derive equations
that treats Rg as an approximate multi segment resistor to enable us to examine the shoot through gate
voltage and drain currents at each segment and derive equations for power loss in each segment.

Sessions – Thursday, June 09, 2005

9:00 Key Note Paper
"More Electric" Control Surface Actuation - A Standard for the Next Generation of
Transport Aircraft
Dominique van den Bossche, Airbus Toulouse, FRANCE
For a long time the control surfaces of transport airplanes have been hydraulically powered. The new
aircraft generation, presently under development, features a mixed flight control power source distribution,
associating electrically powered actuators with conventional hydraulic servocontrols. This paper highlights
the drivers for this evolution, discusses the presently selected electrical actuator technology and the future
of this “More Electric” configuration.

Session S5a Switching Performances and Gate Drives

Chairman Ulrich Kirchenberger, STMicroelectronics, GERMANY

10:15 S5a-1 Challanges in Using New Generations of High Current Low Voltage IGBTs
P.J. Grbovic, Schneider Toshiba Inverters, NEW ZEALAND
Switching performance, especially turn off and over-voltage issues in new generation 600V IGBTs
employed in hard switch motor converters has been analysed and presented in this paper. A short
theoretical analysis and IGBT technology overview has been done. A few IGBTs have been tested with a
conventional and an active gate drive to compare switching performance and define current and voltage
limits in both cases.

10:45 S5a-2 Design Rules for Transductor Based Gate Drives

J.P. Kärst, K.F. Hoffmann, Philips Medical Systems, GERMANY
Using an E-core a transductor based winding topology offers two sets of decoupled windings. This fact can
be used to transfer both drive and control energy for high side and low side switch with a single transformer.
The use of a planar printed circuit board (PCB) transformer is proposed due to its high reproducibility,
reliability and isolation capability. The objective of this paper is to determine design rules for the integration
of up to seven independent windings including parasitic effects such as capacitive coupling and crosstalk.

11:15 S5a-3 Switching-Self-Clamping-Mode “SSCM” for Overvoltage Protection in High Voltage IGBT
Applications
U. Schlapbach, M. Rahimo, A. Kopta, E. Carroll, ABB Semiconductors, SWITZERLAND
This paper presents the Switching-Self-Clamping-Mode “SSCM” in high voltage SPT-IGBTs, and introduces
an overvoltage protection feature during device turn-off to add to the existing overcurrent protection
capability under short-circuit conditions.

Session S5b Optimized Power Devices & New System Approach

Chairman Christopher Rexer, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA

10:15 S5b-1 High Power Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter for Automotive Powertrain Applications
B. Eckardt, M. März, A. Hofmann, Fraunhofer Institute (IISB), M. Gräf, J. Ungethüm, Deutsches
Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, GERMANY
A high power buck-boost DC/DC converter for the use in powertrains of hybrid cars is presented. A special
digital control strategy is implemented that allows a smooth change between both energy transfer directions.
With this feature the converter can realise the power management in the powertrain. By the example of a
hybrid fuel cell research car, the advantages of the hybrid system, using a DC/DC converter, are shown and
applications oriented data and test results are given.
10:45 S5b-2 Input Filter Design for Multiple-Module Application
J. Hu, L. Lorenz, Infineon Technologies, SINGAPORE, R.W. De Doncker, RWTH Aachen
University, GERMANY
In a multi-module SMPS system it is important to reduce system costs by using only one EMI filter. In this
paper, design considerations of an input filter for a multi-module system are discussed taking a two-module
system as an example. The spectrum envelop of the resulted pulse from the pulses of the sub-modules is
analysed and the equivalent output impedance of the filter is observed which gives requirements on the
filter. Experimental results of a filter for a two-module system are shown which support the conclusion.

11:15 S5b-3 An Objective Criterion for the Evaluation of Linear Mode Thermal Stability of Power
MOSFETs
A. Laprade, G. Dolny, S. Pearson, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA
Advances in MOSFET silicon technology for low loss SMPS optimized structures have resulted in
successive device generations having higher transconductance and the gradual obsolescence of older
device generations. High transconductance devices are prone to thermal focusing when used in linear
mode applications. An objective criterion for evaluating suitability of MOSFET devices in linear mode
applications using non-proprietary data is described.

11:45 S5b-4 A 600V High Voltage Halfbridge Gate Driver IC for IGBT up to 600A in Hybrid Electric
Vehicle Inverter Systems
K. Suda, K. Ishikawa, H. Miyazaki, Hitachi, JAPAN
A 600V high voltage halfbridge gate driver IC for high current IGBT drive in hybrid electric vehicle inverter
systems is developed. This IC integrates noise filter considering high current drive. Two types of driver ICs
are prepared. One has short circuit detection function achieved by monitoring collector and gate voltage.
The other has short circuit and over current detection function by sense IGBT current monitoring. Both
functions are experimentally confirmed successfully.

Session S5c Low Power Drives

Chairman Wolfgang Papiernik, Siemens, GERMANY

10:15 S5c-1 SR Motor for Driving a Kitchen Machine

G. Poppen, U. Caldewey, Vorwerk Elektrowerke, GERMANY
Universal motors are the dominating drive concept in white goods. The company Vorwerk has developed a
switched reluctance drive for its universal kitchen machine Thermomix. Since this machine is sold in large
quantities worldwide since the beginning of 2004, the cost targets were very challenging. By using the high
efficiency of electronically commutated motors, Vorwerk R&D managed to create an innovative product with
high customer benefit.

10:45 S5c-2 Optimization of the Commutation Process at Brushless DC Fan Motor

A. Lelkes, PM DM Precision Motors Deutsche Minebea, GERMANY
The commutation process affects torque characteristics, efficiency and mechanical vibration of brushless
motors. The state-of-the-art commutation circuits are usually controlled by a microcontroller. Since the
capability even of low cost micro-controllers increases continuously, new concepts for improved fan motors
will be able to utilized also for mass production in the foreseeable future. This paper discusses how fan
motors with improved efficiency and reduced acoustic noise can be developed.

11:15 S5c-3 High-Speed Automotive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

D. Iles-Klumpner, ebm-papst St. Georgen, GERMANY, I. Boldea, University Politehnica
Timisoara, ROMANIA
The paper proposes to provide an overview of high-speed electric actuation for automotive applications.
Crucial issues like motor design and analysis, materials, construction, manufacturing technologies, motor
control, and power electronics are presented in detail. Several case studies, which consider permanent
magnet synchronous motors, offer solutions to concrete applications. Detailed experimental results will be
also presented therefor.

11:45 S5c-4 Control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PM) Fed by a Single-Phase Rectifier
with Minimal DC-Link Capacitance
H. Lamsahel, P. Mutschler, Technical University Darmstadt, GERMANY
Inverter fed AC-Drives for low-cost applications like home appliances are supplied from a 1 phase AC line.
The AC line provides power oscillating with twice the line frequency. Conventionally, a large electrolytic dc-
link capacitor is used. But for integration of motor and converter, temperature and volume are critical.
Therefore, we use a small film capacitor (11µF/kW) suitable for operation at high temperature. A field
oriented control method with feed forward signals is shown experimentally to provide torque with reduced
harmonics.

12:15 S5c-5 Single Phase Fed Voltage Source Inverter with small DC-Link Capacitor
H. Sarén, O. Pyrhönen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, FINLAND
Electrolytic capacitors used in dc-link are large and heavy components with a limited lifetime. To overcome
these problems, a relatively small MPFF (Metallized polypropylene film capacitor) capacitor is selected. As a
drawback, small capacitance of MPFF produces a large ac-component to dc-link voltage. This leads to
heavily fluctuating torque. Many industrial applications are high inertia loads, which tolerate torque ripple. As
a benefit, small capacitance improves the line current waveform significantly.
Session S5d Reduction of Perturbations
Chairman Yasuhiro Okuma, Fuji Electric, JAPAN

10:15 S5d-1 Reduction of Harmonic Pollution of a Tram Installation: Technical Problems and Solution
using Active Harmonic Conditioners
S. Vossot, Lycée Louis Couffignal, J.-F. Christin, MGE UPS Systems, FRANCE
After the commissioning of the first line of tram in Strasbourg City (France), new technical problems
appeared. The residents of a portion of line at steep slope noted anomalies in the operation of their meter of
energy. The orders of change of mode of tariffing are taken into random account of manner. The financial
damages that the supplier of energy must manage are numerous. After expertise, the inverter of recovery of
a sub-station of supply of the overhead line is identified as the troublemaker. The generated harmonic
currents disturb the signals of tariff remote control emitted by the supplier of energy. Installation of active
harmonic conditioners proves to be a good solution for this type of problem.

10:45 S5d-2 Dynamic Improvement in Active Power Filters based on the Output Stage of
Uninterruptible Power Supply
P. Mattavelli, University of Udine, F. Polo, Socomec Sicon, ITALY
This paper investigates the application of the output stage of Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs) for the
harmonic compensation of distorting load during the UPS automatic bypass operation. Due to the presence
of a significant output capacitor, which is designed for UPS applications, some innovative control algorithms
are proposed in order to avoid possible interactions between the utility impedance and the UPS output
impedance. The effectiveness of the proposed analysis and provisions is demonstrated experimental results
on a threephase/three-phase 30 kVA UPS prototype.

11:15 S5d-3 How Standards do not solve Power Quality Problems

S. Fassbinder, DKI Deutsches Kupferinstitut, GERMANY
It is often assumed that the problems with harmonics are now solved, since new standards have been
released and set into force which limit the harmonic dissipation of end-use appliances (EN 61000-3-2),
require new network configurations (EN 50174, EN 50310) and describe the power quality available at the
PCC (EN 50160). However, improvement is very limited, so that engineers, designers and specifiers still
have to take care of the matter, both on the appliance side and at systems level.

11:45 S5d-4 Effects of Military Shipyard Operation on Electric Power Quality in Public Distribution
Network - A Case Study
V. Strugar, Electric Power Industry of Montenegro Stock Company, V. Katic, Z. Corba,
University of Novi Sad, SERBIA and MONTENEGRO
In this paper the analysis of power quality characteristics at a grid supplying one military shipyard will be
presented. This consumer is similar to an industrial plant, although some special loads exist. For example,
powerful electric-arc welding machines, lot of inductive reactance in synchronous and asynchronous
motors, large capacitive reactance in charge-discharge plant for submarine battery, etc. Such loads at
public distribution network PCC in substation 35/10 kV cause many problems regarding power quality. In the
first part of the paper a simulation model, based on real parameters, will be presented. The model was
verified by harmonic measurement at a 35 kV grid. The measurement was performed during one week in
real operating conditions. The measurement results were analyzed and compared with simulation. A good
accordance has been reached. After that, a simulation model was used for the worst case estimation. It was
shown that the power quality level at public grid in worst case situation is low, so that operation of the
shipyard can be source of negative effects in the distribution network.

Session S6a Innovative Converter Topologies

Chairman Michael Lovell, FR-HiTEMP, UK

1:15 S6a-1 Output Filter for Voltage Source Inverter Supplying Induction Motor
J. Guzinski, Z. Krzeminski, Gdansk University of Technology, POLAND
A new solution of passive filter for voltage source inverter is presented in a paper. The filter, which is
combination of sinusoidal and zero component filters, delivers sinusoidal voltages and currents to the
induction motor with simultaneous reduction of a shaft voltage and bearing currents. In comparison to other
solutions presented in literature the additional components were added to decrease undesirable constant
voltage component which can appear in some conditions on filter capacitors. Results of simulations and
experiments are presented.

1:45 S6a-2 KATIUM New Power Electronic Topology that allows Reduction of Mass and Volume and
provides a Power Electronic Fault Tolerant System
P. Aubin, G. Kalvelage, M. Coyaud, Faiveley Transport, FRANCE
Converters used in railway applications lead to heavy and bulky equipment (filters, low frequency
transformers, etc). FAIVELEY Transport has filed a patent application for a new topology of converter,
called Serial and Parallel Auto Regulated Configuration (S.P.A.R.C patent). This solution allows a significant
reduction of weight and volume (from 3 up to 10) in comparison with traditional converters. The originality of
KATIUM is that relies on a dynamic association of high frequency transformers either in series, parallel or
both.
2:15 S6a-3 Design for a New High Frequency Inverter-Charger, Controlled by a Fixed Point DSP
A. Germanier, H.-P. Biner, D. Blatter, Haute Ecole du Valais, SWITZERLAND
This paper intends to show the development of a new universal power supply, inverter-charger, without
using a 50 Hz BF output transformer. Control and regulation are based on a Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
16 bits fixed point. With the help of flexible digital regulation algorithms, the device can operate in many
different configurations such as: inverter, battery charger, islanding, injection, boost, and parallel.

2:45 S6a-4 Digitally Controlled AC-DC Rectifier Design Using DSP Techniques - a Practical
Approach
D. Figoli, Texas Instruments, USA
This presentation provides a practical walk-through on the implementation details behind the design of a
1000W, Phase shifted ZVS full bridge rectifier with 2 phase interleaved PFC. The presentation introduces
current DSP technology, and then focuses on important hardware and software considerations. The rectifier
power topology is examined together with all relevant DSP interfacing and PWM generation details.

3:15 S6a-5 Matrix Converter with High Output Frequency for Contactless Energy Transmission
R. Mecke, Ch. Rathge, Institut f. Automation u. Kommunikation Magdeburg, GERMANY
The use of a matrix converter for contactless energy transmission in the power range of several kilowatts
reduces the number of energy conversion steps, avoids electrolytic DC link capacitors, reduces conduction
losses in power semicon-ductors and enables sinusoidal line currents. This application particularly requires
high output frequencies (greater than 100 kHz), which considerably improve transferable electric power and
the efficiency of contactless magnetic systems.

Session S6b New Packaging Concepts

Chairman Christopher Soule, Thermshield, USA

1:15 S6b-1 Packaging Considerations of an Integrated Inverter Module (IIM) for Hybrid Vehicles
P. Beckedahl, W. Tursky, U. Scheuermann, Semikron Elektronik, GERMANY
New fields of high power inverter systems such like hybrid cars, hybrid trucks, and off road vehicles require
new ways of power electronics integration and packaging. The stringent requirements in size and weight,
reliability, durability, ambient temperature, and environment can be fulfilled by a careful consideration of
IGBT and Diode chip selection, novel packaging technologies and consequent integration of passive
components.

1:45 S6b-2 Large Al Ribbon: An Alternative Interconnect Solution for Power Module Applications
Ch. Luechinger, Orthodyne Electronics, USA
Today, large Aluminum wire bonding is the dominant interconnect technology for power applications.
However, tremendous improvements in the on–resistance of power devices enable the flow of increasingly
higher currents through devices with decreasing area. This requires bonding more wires on a decreasing
area, pushing the round wire geometry to its limits. The recently developed large Aluminum ribbon bonding
allows moving out these limitations, offering an attractive drop-in alternative to large Aluminum wire
bonding.

2:15 S6b-3 The New Structure IGBT Module for Surface Mounting Technology
E. Mochizuki, N. Arikawa, O. Ikawa, Fuji Hitachi Power Semiconductor, JAPAN
For a low price and a compact IGBT module, the device structure in consideration of simplification of a
customer assembly process is also demanded. In this development, while aiming at improvement in a
mounting side by realizing SMD Surface Mount Device) of an IGBT module, the new structure IGBT
module which carried out large rationalization of a package by the wire bonding free structure, epoxy mold
structure, etc. was developed.

2:45 S6b-4 Press-Fit Technology, a Solderless Method for Mounting Power Modules
M. Thoben, I. Graf, R. Tschirbs, eupec, GERMANY
Press-Fit technology offers the possibility of leadfree solderless mounting of Power Modules. Advantages of
this new technology for power modules in comparison to existent technologies are shown. Results of a
qualification procedure for a power module contact regarding high current behaviour, vibration loads and
mounting are described.

3:15 S6b-5 Thermal Properties of Power Terminals in High Power IGBT Modules
A. Cosaert, M. Beulque, Rogers NV, BELGIUM, M. Wölz, T. Schütze, O. Schilling, K. Appelhoff,
H. Sandmann, eupec, GERMANY
Power dissipation in the leads of IGBT modules has to be taken into account for modern inverter design.
The internal structure of the module and the inverter interconnections are discussed. Different concepts for
the connection between terminals and substrates by means of solder joints and wire bonds are compared in
thermal and mechanical aspects. From the results of simulation and experiments, the most effective design
for high current modules is deduced and thermal design criteria for busbars are shown.

Session S6c Control and Measurement

Chairman Enrique Dede, University of Valencia, SPAIN
1:15 S6c-1 A Novel Approach for Evaluating Performance of Discontinous Pulse Width Modulation
Schemes for Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters
O.R. Solomon, P. Famouri, West Virginia University, G. Radman, Tennessee Technlological
University, USA
Although PWM schemes using discontinuous modulating functions generate higher harmonics and exhibit
poorer performance in low modulation region than schemes with continuous modulating functions, they are
of special interest because of their lower switching losses. This paper introduces a new approach for
obtaining Switching Loss Factor and Quality Factor as merit factors for comparative performance evaluation
of Discontinous Pulse Width Modulation Schemes. The efficacy of this new approach and the applicability of
the merit factors are proven.

1:45 S6c-2 Frequency Optimisation for a Piezoelectric Transformer-Based Converter

M.J. Prieto, J. Diaz, J.A. Martin-Ramos, University of Oviedo, SPAIN
Piezoelectric transformers (PT) are an alternative to replace magnetic devices in low-power converters.
However, their optimum operating frequency strongly depends on parameters such as temperature, load or
voltage applied. Tracking this optimum frequency is important because PT gain and efficiency can vary
enormously within a few hundred of hertzs. This paper, presents a simple feedback loop implemented in a
low-power PT-based DC/DC converter that adjusts the switching frequency in order to obtain the best
possible gain and efficiency.

2:15 S6c-3 New Design for a Robust PLL-Based Grid Synchronisation in DQ Reference Frame
M. Emery, S. Lillo, Haute Ecole Du Valais, SWITZERLAND
Synchronizing voltage source converters with the grid is a critical point. The best choice for this kind of
system is a PLL, but this solution encounters problems at start-up and can unlock. This paper proposes a
robust and simple solution, with an unlocked phase detector. The behaviour of the system is analysed in
different situations, like phase inversions, asymmetries, harmonic and sub-harmonic perturbations. Finally
the results of simulations and experimentations are presented and compared.

Session S6d Wind Energy

Chairman Paul Bauer, Technical University of Delft, THE NETHERLANDS

1:15 S6d-1 Fault Ride-Through of a Novel VSC Based HVDC Transmission System for Large Wind
Farms
S. Meier, S. Norrga, H.-P. Nee, Royal Institute of Technology, SWEDEN
Across Europe, transmission system operators are reviewing their grid codes to establish the requirements
for wind farms connecting to their systems. Along with an increased wind power penetration, particularly
fault ride-through during voltage depressions is required to prevent load shedding or possible system
collapse. This paper discusses fault ride-through possibilities of a novel VSC based HVDC transmission
system for large wind farms. Different network faults are analysed by means of system simulations in
PSCAD.

1:45 S6d-2 Power Up and Efficiency Improvement of Wind Turbine Generator by Magnetic Energy
Recovery Switch
T. Takaku, G. Homma, R. Shimada, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S. Igarashi, Y. Uchida, Fuji
Electric Device Technology, JAPAN
This paper presents, for the first time, a successful application of an original semiconductor switch named
MERS to a small-scale experimental system of wind turbine with a synchronous generator. Since MERS
compensates the reactance voltage of the generator and improves the power factor, the output voltage of
the system increases and the excitation power of the generator can be extremely reduced. The data
indicate a great potential to make the actual wind turbine system compact and to improve the efficiency.

2:15 S6d-3 Improved Wind Park Power Factor Management - a case study
D. Schulz, O. Wendt, R. Hanitsch, Technical University Berlin, GERMANY
The paper describes a study case for improved power management of wind parks. Real data of a wind park
with 56 wind turbines (WTs) with a total power of 95 MW are used. Measured curves of the power factor of
single WTs and the calculated characteristics of reactive power consumption of transformers and cables are
presented. Superposition of the single parameters shows, that conventional power control of the WTs is not
optimised for maximum power generation of the wind park. Possible improvements are concluded.

2:45 S6d-4 Centralised Control of Wind Farm with Doubly-Fed Induction Generators
A.D. Hansen, P. Sorensen, Riso National Laboratory, F. Iov, F. Blaabjerg, Aalborg University,
DENMARK
This paper describes the development of a wind farm controller for a wind farm made up exclusively of
double fed generators. The overall aim of the wind farm controller is to enable the wind farms to behave as
active controllable components in the power system. The de-signed wind farm control involves the control
on wind turbine level as well as the central control on the wind farm level. The control strategy’s
performance is discussed by means of simulations illustrated both at the wind farm level and at each
individual wind turbine level.
3:15 S6d-5 Comparison between Different Compensation Methods Applied to Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Generator
A. Singer, W. Hofmann, Chemnitz University of Technology, GERMANY
Permanent Magnet Salient Pole Synchronous connected DC network produces less power than the rated
power even at rated excitation. External Compensation is attractive solution. This paper provides a
comparison between different compensation methods applied to Permanent Magnet Salient Pole
Synchronous Generator (PSG) at different excitation levels i.e. under and over-excited. An analytical
derivation of the increase in the electrical power resulting from different types of compensation is deduced.
The calculation of the losses of the inverter accompanied with each type of compensation is presented.