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2005 133
Abstract - The aim of this work is to evaluate and. compare the minals and power supply and the stator voltage is controlled
performance characteristics. of a voltage controller driven star smoothly at line frequency- between zero and full value by
connected induction, motor drives with three wire and four wsire symmetrically controlling, SCR firing angle.
configurations. Mathematical modefing and steady state The fundamental law relating motor speed control with this
simulation of the two circuit topolog;ies are examined and scheme and motor input current is, established in [I]. It is
performance of the two schemes in terms of certain electrical shown that- peak input current is in;versely proportional to
characteristics such as input power drawn, input power factor,
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of input current and motor
square root of-rotor resistance, emphasizing; that this method
termin al voltage etc is compared. It is shown that the three isire of speed control is suitable for motors with high rotor resis-
scheme is superior in performance when compared to four wire tance.. Each different scheme of power circuits suitable for
schemes. Experimental results are provided to supplement the phase control are given and it is shown that a circuit with a
computed results. pair of SCRs in each phase of a star connected induction mo-
Keywords - Induction motor, A.C. Voltage controller, modeling. tor is the best choice, when average torque per rms stator am-
pere is used as the performance criterion. The closed loop
speed control of induction motor with voltage control and em-
NOMENCLAT'URE ploying digital phase locked loop scheme is reported in [2].
Here, complete model of speed control of drive is designed
D d/d(cot) and the schenme is evaluated experimentally. Compared to
J Mcment of Inertia in Kg-M2 conventional method using analog devices, this method is
ids, iqs 2- phlase stator curTents in Ampere found to exhibit precise speed control. The design and imple-
idr, iqr Transformed two phase rotor currents in Ampere mentation of SCR based starter suitable for 25 HP to 1000 HP
rs, Ls 2- phase stator resistance in ohms and induction motors is explained in [3]. The use of power transis-
inductance in Henry tor for induction motor voltage control is given in [4]. How-
rr,Lr 2-phase rotor resistance in ohms and ever, such a method is not viable for higher rating motors
inductance in Henry referred to stator in ohms owing to the non-availability of higher rating transistors.
Te Electromagnetic Torque in N-m. Despite the simplicity of SCR controlled induction motor
TL Load Torque in N-rn
2- phase stator voltages in volts
drive system, the analysis of such scheme is extremely diffi-
Vds,Vqs
Mutual inductance in Henry cult due to non linear and complex nature of induction ma-
Lm
chine equations. This problem was compounded in earlier
(or rotor speed in rad/sec
Po Number of poles days due to large computation time required by the comput-
ers. Different mathematical models were used to study the
static response of the dlive with voltage control. The simula-
I. INTRODUCTION tion results provide a useful information on the total system
design with various operating conditions. An earlier attempt
T he stator voltage control of induction motors using
in this direction is seen in [5]. However, the solution of the re-
back-to-back connected thyristors for speed control is
the cheapest and most reliable scheme and is increasingly suliting equations is not carried out owing to their complexity.
employed in low to medium power applications, especially in Nowotny and Fath [6] have used state-space approach and
fan and pump drives. The stator voltage control of induction matrix methods and brought out steady state solution subject
motor is achieved by employing three back-to-back con- to switching constraints. Lipo [7] used this technique for the
nected thyristor pairs in each phase, in between the motor ter- analysis of SCR controlled drive and the boundaiy conditions
for the matirix differential equations are expressed as a func-
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, tion of sytem parameters. Fourier series method is also
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli adopted for the steady state analysis of such drives [8-1 1], but
0-7803-9503-4/05/$20.00 C2005 IEEE
134 IEE EE Indicon 2005 Conference, Chennai, India, 11-13 Dec. 2005
computation is found to be tedious and results were not satis- where c = m and V&1 and Vqs are given by
factory as compared to the one obtained using state-space ap- LrLs
proach. In [12],the motor is considered as a passive
resistance-inductance circuit. In the development of this cir-
cuit, magnetizing current and stator resistance are included
LvQS V3i3o°
F[-]
J vy
21 Vr2
and the amplitude and phase of the emf are determined as
2
.... (2)
2 -
functions ofmotor torque and speed. However, the main draw
back of the works in [5-14] is that only steady state solution is
obtained with large number of system variables.
While the analysis, implementation and related aspects are
Vr l sin(ont)2n
and VYb LV. sin(ot -
/3)
.(
well examined by the researchers in the past, the objective of Vb sin(ot + 27r / 3
the present work is to compare performance characteristics of
thyristorised voltage controller fed three phase star connected
induction motor drives with and without neutral connection. The electromagnetic torque is given by
The circuit without neutral connection is termed as three wire
scheme in the present work and when the neutral of the motor
is connected to the neutral of the three phase system, it is re-
Te = ,J PoL. (id,iqs-iidj) .(4)
ferred as four wire scheme. The modeling ofthe two schemes
is not of much different. But the performance characteristics
differ widely. It is shown in this work that a three wire scheme The speed is govemed by
is more preferable than the four wire scheme due to its in-
creased efficiency, reduced pollution of the line current etc.
Calculated and test results are provided to validate the
dc)r Te-Tj
....(5)
findings. dt J
A. Input Power:
01 0
L, Lr L, L, 10 The power input to the drive system is calculated for the two
dtq, L,L,r r, L. 0,L,, r, 00O
L,L, L, L,
0
Lr- schemes is obtained using a Matlab model and is shown in
I1)
IEEE Indicon 2005 Conference, Chennai, India, 1-1-13 Dec. 2005 135
B. Inputpowerfactor:
Input power factor of a drive with a power electronics inter-
face is given by the following equation:
Input Power
Input power factor - Input Voltamps
(a) V11,cosp, -
l1cosy,
4DJ V,1 I