REPORTED SPEECH When we want to report what someone said, we can use direct speech or reported speech In direct

speech, we give the exact words that the person said, and we use quotation marks ( _________ ). Ex: Annie said. Im hungry.

In reported speech, we change some of the words that the person said, and we dont use quotation marks. Ex: Annie says shes hungry, or Annie said she was hungry

When we use a past reporting verb the tense in reported speech change.

Present__________ Past Future __________ Conditional Past __________ Past Perfect Present Perfect ______ Past Perfect Conditional ________ Conditional Perfect.

When we use a Present reporting verb, the tense does not change. - Reporting verbs: Say Tell After Tell we normally use a personal object (e.g. James, me, us) to say who is told. We normally use Say without a personal object.

Say + something Ex: He said I was going home

Tell + someone +something He told them I was going home

If we want to put a personal object with say, we use to. Ex: He said to them I was going home. CHANGES IN PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE

Direct I me my mine

Indirect he(she) him(her) his(her) hers

We us Our ours You

they them their theirs they them their theirs

OTHER CHANGES:

Direct This These Here Now Ago Today Tomorrow Yesterday

Indirect That Those There Then Before That day The next day The day before

Note: When the sentence expresses a fact that is supposed to be universally true and not merely applicable to the time when the statement was made, The Present Tense may be used in reported speech. The present tense may be used also with a statement expressing a repeated or habitual action. e.g. -The sun is 92 million miles away He said the sun is 92 million miles away

- I get up at 7:00 oclock every morning He said he gets up at 7:00 oclock every morning

Exercises PUT THE SENTENCES INTO INDIRECT SPEECH: 1. I write home every week 2. I am learning English 3. I will see her in London 4. We have been playing football 5. I wrote a letter to my brother 6. I cant speak German 7. I dont go the cinema every week 8. Mr. Mason has gone out 9. Were leaving tomorrow 10. I had lunch in Luigis restaurant yesterday 11. I saw him here 12.You dont need to wear glasses

W e often report: - Orders - Warnings - Request - Advice - Invitations

Examples: Direct - Get out of my room - You should phone the police - Could you carry some Bags, Mike? - I asked Mike to carry some bags Indirect -she told him to get out of her room -They adviced him to phone the police

- Would you like to have dinner with us?

- They invited me to have Dinner with them

The most used reporting verbs when reporting commands or orders are:L

Tell ask order request

- An indirect negative command is expressed by ask tell

order, etc and a negative infinitive

Examples: -Dont be late tomorrow( D) He told them not to be late the next day

-Dont eat in class ( D ) The teacher asked the students not to eat in class

Report the following: 1. Dont leave the door unlocked 2. Dont be silly! 3. Phone the police 4. Switch off the TV 5. Could you change the light bulb for me ? 6. Run quickly! 7. Play the piano, please 8. Write me as soon as you arrive 9. Dont shut the door 10.Drink all your milk! 11. Dont speak all at once 12.Would you like to come for lunch?

Verbal tenses, pronouns, adjectives, etc in Reported Questions change in the same way as in reported statements But: - The interrogative construction of the direct question is replaced by the statement construction in the indirect question. ( Auxiliaries are NOT used)

- The reporting verb are: asked, wanted to know, inquired, etc - The connective joining the indirect question to the reporting verb is If or Whether, except when the direct question begins with a wh word ( what when whereetc), in this case the wh word is the connective E.G: Direct - Is Tom your brother? was my brother - Has John many friends? - She wanted to know - He asked me if they - he asked if I knew Mr. - He asked me where I - He asked what she had Indirect - He asked me if Tom

if John had many friends

- Did they do the exercises had done the ex - Do you know Mr. Brown? Brown - Where are you going? was going - What did she say? said