Ch 20 Magnetism V20.

53

[Improved]

Mass Spectrometer

NV-College

MPhy sicsB20.53 [Improved] Mass Spectrometer a) What value of magnetic field would make a beam of electrons, travelling to the right at a speed of go deflected through a region where there is a uniform electric field of pointing vertically up. b) What is the direction of the magnetic field if it is known to be perpendicular to the electric field? c) What is the radius of the circular beam if the electric field is turned off? d) What is the frequency of the circular orbit of electrons if the electric field is turned off? e) Answer the questions above if the electron beam is replaced by a beam of protons. f) Answer the questions above if the electron beam is replaced by a beam of alphaparticles. Note that alpha-particles are nucleus of Helium atoms, i.e. they are ionized twice, and , ; , , Suggested solutions: The electric force due to the upward electric force is downwards. This force must be equal to the magnetic force which must be upward: {

Answer: The magnetic field is out of the page of the paper and its magnitude is . If the electric is turned off, the electron will rotate on a circular path due to the centripetal force provided by the magnetic force: { {

Answer: If the electric field is turned off, the electron beam will move on a circular orbit of radius 1.81 centimeter at frequency . If the electron beam is replaced by beam of protons, the magnetic force must be downwards to neutralize the electric force which is upward, but the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field is unaffected, i.e.: But the radius and frequency of the proton beam will be different:

Answer: If the electric field is turned off, the proton beam will move on a

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Sjdalsgymnasiet

Ch 20 Magnetism V20.53

[Improved]

Mass Spectrometer

NV-College

circular orbit of radius 24.1 meter at frequency . If the electron beam is replaced by beam of alpha-particles, the magnetic force must be downwards to neutralize the electric force which is upward, but the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field is unaffected, i.e.: But the radius and frequency of the proton beam will be different:

Answer: If the electric field is turned off, the alpha-particles beam will move on a circular orbit of radius 47.9 meter at frequency . Note the huge difference in the radius of the electron beam and that of the proton (or alpha-particle). Even though it is not so difficult to accelerate electrons to . It is relatively very difficult to accelerate protons and even more difficult to accelerate alpha-particles. This is due to the fact that protons are about 2000 times heavier than electron. Alpha particles are about 8000 times heavier than electrons.

behzad.massoumzadeh@huddinge.se Free to use for educational purposes.

Sjdalsgymnasiet