OBSERVATIONS

phase A(21-22) pick up drop off 1.09A 700mA phase B (23-24) 1.11A 870mA phase C (25-26) 1.03A 890mA

Curve description STI30XDT SI30XDT I30XDT VI30XDT EI20XDT LTI30XDT DT

Operating time at 2 X Is TMS = 1 Expected Range (S) Observed value 1.68 1.87 1.709 9.52 10.53 9.799 14.3 15.81 14.39 12.82 14.18 12.86 24.66 28.67 24.6 114 126 115.7 [set time T0>]t-5%+[0.02S-0.04S] 998.9ms

Current (A) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Operating Time When TMS =1 9.446 4.829 3.746 3.219 2.911 2.669 2.527 2.410 2.308

Operating Time When TMS = 0.5 4.568 2.441 1.859 1.608 1.459 1.349 1.259 1.199 1.158

OPERATING TIME VS CURRENT

10

6 OPERATING TIME (S)

5 TMS =1 TMS = 0.5

0 0 4 8 CURRENT(A) 12 16 20

DISCUSSION
THE THREE STAGES OVER CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KCGG RELAY As shown in the diagram KCGG over current relay has its characteristics in three main steps. Here it shows over current elements of three stages. We say they are (I>, I>>, I>>) and their corresponding time delay (t>, t>>, t>>>). These stages operate completely independent of each other. I. Stage 1: Provide any seven inverse time or definite time characteristics and an adjustable reset timer for the detection of intermittent faults. II. Stage 2: Provide definite time setting for instantaneous operation. III. Stage 3: Provide definite time setting for instantaneous operation. These elements have settings designated as I>,I>>,I>>>, for phase faults and each threshold has a corresponding time delay of t>,t>>,t>>>. (Source: www.electricalplantdesign.co.uk/.../index.php?...Relay...KCGG...) THE ADVANTAGES OF HAVING VARIOUS TIME/CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS AND THE DISCRIPTION ABOUT THE SEVEN INVERSE TIME CHARACTERISTICS WITH THEIR APPLICATIONS FOR DIFFERENT PROTECTION SCHEMES A Standard curve B Inverse curve C Very Inverse curve D Extremely Inverse curve The operation mechanism of these relays is Over current relay function monitors the general balanced overloading and has current/time settings. This is determined by the overall protective discrimination scheme. There advantage over definite time relays is that they can have much shorter tripping times can be obtained without any risk to the protection selection process. These are classified in accordance with their characteristic curves; this indicates the speed of the operation. Based on this they are defined as being inverse, very inverse or extremely inverse. The typical settings for these relays are 0.7-2In (normal or rated generator current) in 1-10 second.

(Source: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_time_inverse_over_current_relay_work#ixzz1aajdQXvV)

In here I have described a most general conversation about inverse curve types and their basic applications which we can find very commonly.

Curve Description

Applications
When short operation times are required to preserve system stability and where grading with downstream relays is not required Grading with low voltage system protection devices or for protecting Neutral earthling resistors. Systems where the amount generation varies and for providing back-up protection on transmission systems. Co-ordination of protection on distribution systems and for back-up protection for relays on other circuits. This curve will allow closer grading with some relays that do not have an IEC standard curve. Useful when co-coordinating a number of relays and where there is great variation in fault current between relay locations. For closer grading with downstream fuses and upstream over current relays on distribution and industrial systems. Useful where more than one relay has to be coordinate, because it will allow additional time grading steps to be used at the high current levels.

Short time inverse

long time inverse

Standard inverse curve

Inverse

Very inverse Extremely inverse I (Constant time at 20x setting) Extremely inverse II Constant time at 10x setting)

THE OPERATION OF IDMT RELAY COORDINATION SYSTEM Inverse definite minimum time relays are time graded such that the relay nearer to the fault operates faster than the relays nearer to the source. This tends to a cascade operation because if the relay nearest to the fault does not operate, the next one back towards the source will trip in a slightly longer time providing back up protection. The time grading steps are typically 400ms, the operation times becoming progressively longer with each stage. Relay coordination is carried out based on plug setting and Time multiplier settings (TMS). Current transformer is connected to the exciting coil which is used to alter the plug setting. The plug setting can be chosen based on the tap position. At lower settings full winding is utilized so it will pick up at lower currents. With the increase of setting fractions of windings are used so higher currents are needed to initiate the relay.