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Distribution - Auto Recloser Settings A. Scope

This document outlines the standard protection setting philosophyfor setting Automatic Circuit Reclosers (ACRs). It is to be used for setting both normal and liveline settings. The aim is to provide a consistent method of setting ACRs on the Powercor and CitiPower Network.

B. Background
This setting policy should be read in conjunction with Powercor Policy 7- M200 (Section 5.04) "Suppression of Automatic Reclosure Function & Enabling of High Speed Protection Settings". This policy specifies requirements for the implementation of ACR protection settings to cater for normal system configuration, live line work (Glove and Barrier) and proximity work. ACRs are installed mid-line or on distribution feeder spurs to improve network reliability by sectionalising faults. Powercor standard "Live Line Sequence" settings should be applied where available to reduce the tripping times for faults that occur while live line work is being conducted. The most commonly used modern electronic ACRs within the Powercor Network include Cooper Form 4C and Nulec. New installations use Nulec CAPM5 ACRs which allow for additional setting groups to be applied ('Single Shot' and 'WorkTag'). WorkTag settings aresetfastto reducethefault energy during Live Line Gloveand Barrierworkon HV overhead lines. The 'Single Shot' settings provide an alternative phase and earth fault protection setting group (which is generally set the same as the normal group first shot) and disables the automatic reclosing effectively locking out the ACR after a trip. These settings are used for proximity work such as tree cutting as it does not give the same reduced settings as the Work Tag settings (within Nulec CAPM5 ACRs). Approved ACR protection settings are stored within the RESlS setting sheet database.

C. Standard Settings
1.

Issues to Check

a) b) c) d)

The ACR fault rating should be higher than the fault level now or in the foreseeable future at the installation site. Ensure grading is achieved with upstream and downstream protection. Ensure grading is achieved between the primary and backup protection if applicable.

2.

Ensure backup protection detects and clears the fault where primary protection fails. Basis for Settings a) Coordination Margin The time multiplier setting and pickup may be adjusted to assist with grading problems. The following co-ordination margins are applicable:

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Table 1 - Coordination Margins Device 1 (Upstream) Electromechanical Relay Digital or Analogue Electronic Relay ACR ACR ACR ACR Device 2 (Downstream) ACR ACR
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Recommended Coordination Margin 0.4 seconds 0.3 seconds 0.3 seconds 0.4 seconds 0.3 seconds 0.2 seconds

ACR Electromechanical Relay Digital or Analogue Electronic Relay HV fuses

If coordination cannot be achieved seek approval from the Manager - Network Protection and Control to reduce the grading margin.

b) Overcurrent Settings
The overcurrent pickup element should meet the following criteria: The pickup must be larger than the maximum feeder load beyond the ACR based on at least 2 years load forecast t emergency transfers with a safety margin of at least 20% between pick-up and load. Generally pickup is set at 2x load if the sensitivity is acceptable.

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Loading Factor r 0.8, preferably 0.5 Loading Factor = (Maximum load current ) (Mi11Op setting ofprotection device)

The setting will detect the minimum (calculated as the fault current of a bolted fault for normal system configuration) 3 phase, phase-phase and earth faults to the end of line or next protective device and provide backup protection for any downstream ACRs or fuses. A safety margin must also be applied as outlined below.

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Operating Factor 2 2 Operating Factor 2 1.5

(forprimaiyprotection) (for back

- upprotection)

where:
Operarrrrg Facror
=

Minorrurn fuirlt cunenr(ar e17d ofp~orecred zone) j MI^ Op selring ofprorecrron d r ~ ~ ~ c c

The ACR must have a protection zone that reaches to the next protection device. If the ACR is set to 3 operations to lockout, there are 1 fast and 2 slow curves.

c)

Earth Fault Settings

The earth fault pickup setting should be set above the expected system unbalance otherwise spurious tripping may occur. Typical settings are 1OOA.

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d)
Sensitive Earth Fault Settings

Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) settings should be set above the expected CT error at full load, the typical setting is 6A. Some feeders with large lengths of single phase HV may require a higher SEF setting to allow for system imbalance as the ACR summates ~ h a s currents to e deriviearth fault &rent only.
Note: SEF settings should not be applied to Cooper Form 4C ACRs due to gross errors in ACR operation when operating for a sensitive earth fault. e) lnrush Restrain Settings (Nulec CAPM 4 & 5 only)

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The following lnrush Restraint settings are typical and apply to Nulec CAPM 4 & 5 ACRs: lnrush restraint multiplier = 2times (or minimum of 1 times if protection reach is compromised by applying a higher setting.)

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f)

Note: Setting at 1 effectively means no restraint.

lnrush restrain time = 0.15s

Note: These settings should be checked on a case by case basis to ensure that they are appropriate and should not be applied if protection is compromised. Auto Recloser Settings

The following auto reclose settings shall be applied. Where the majority (250%) of the HV Line Section is: Table 2 -Auto Reclose Settings
In Urban Areas

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In Rural Areas Two - Reclose - Shots First Dead Time = 5 seconds Second Dead Time = 5 seconds

Single - Reclose - Shot Dead Time = 5 seconds

For ACRs with downstream Sectionaliser, the existing 3-shots (2+2+2 seconds) settings may be maintained to ensure correct operation of the downstream devices. Settings other than those above shall not be applied to an Auto-Reclose (ARC) scheme without going through a Risk Analysis to ensure that the risks associated with ARC (for that feeder / line section) are within the company's tolerable limits and the scheme is beneficial. The application of any such "new" settings must be approved by the Manager - Network Protectionand Control.
g) Loss of Phase (LOP) Settings (Nulec CAPM 4 & 5 only)

The ACR will trip and lockout as a result of Loss of Phase (LOP) protection if phaselearth voltage on one or two phases falls below the LOP voltage threshold for longer than the LOP time.

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Typically LOP settings are listed however it is generally set to OFF:

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Loss of Phase Volts = 8kV Loss of Phase Time = 5 seconds Note: Generally loss of phase protection is only used where there is a generator on the load side of the ACR or for a Loop Automation scheme. It is preferable thatthis feature is not enable as there is currently no SCADA alarm associated with LOP tripping and a significant amount of work would be involved to program this alarm. Cold Load Pickup (CLPU) Settings (Nulec CAPM 4 & 5 only) Cold Load Pickup settings can be appliedto preventtripping upon restoration. The initial restoration current can be between 1 to 5 times the normal load current. Typically CLPU settings are listed however it is generally set to OFF. Cold Load Time = 120 minutes Cold Load Multiplier = 2 times Note: CLPU settings should only be applied where cold load pickup is proven to be a problem. These settings should be checked on a case by case basis particularly if the upstream device does not have CLPU capability. High Current Lockout (HCL) Settings The High Current Lockout (HCL) setting will cause the ACR to trip and lockout when the measured fault current exceeds the HCL setting. Typically HCL settings are listed however it is generally set to OFF. i. ii. CAMP4&5: High Current Lockout at = 5000A Cooper Form 4C: Min Trip Multiple = 30 Active Shot Number = 3

D. Live Line Settings

For Nulec CAPM4-5ACRs and later, the 'WorkTag'feature must be used to provide the 'Live Line Sequence' function similar to that provided for feeder protection. For other programmable ACR types, such as the Cooper 4C and Nulec CAPM2, a setting appropriate for Live Line Sequence must be programmed into Time Current Curve 1 (TCCI). TCCl does not necessarily have to be enabled for normal operation (i.e. set TCCl to 0 shots) if the curve is too fast. In this case, TCCl will only become active when reclosing is suppressed. 1. Single Shot Settings for Nulec CAPM 4 & 5 'Single Shot' settings become activated when reclose is suppressed either via the quick key on the front panel or remotely. Ensure there is at least a 20% margin between pickup and load. Table 3 outlines standard settings for Single Shot:

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Table 3 - Sinale Shot Settings for Nulec Protection Function

Single Shot Setting (when Work Taq seninqs are also set) Replicate the first shot of the "normal" setting with reclose suppressed Replicate the first shot of the "normal" setting with reclose suppressed Replicate the "normal" setting with reclose suppressed

Overcurrent

Earth Fault

Sensitive Earth Fault

2 Work Tag for Nulec CAPM 4 or 5 .

Work Tag settings are used for Live Line Glove and Barrier work to provide protection for equipment and a measure of safety for personnel working on live lines which is achieved by providing fast tripping for faults. Work Tag settings are only available in the Nulec CAPM 4 or 5 ACRs. The functional difference between 'single shot'settings and 'worktag'settings isthatthe ACRcan not beclosed aftera trip until the 'work tag' setting has been removed when work tag settings are applied. Work Tag settings are selected via the quick key on the front panel or remotely. Ensure there is at least a 20% margin between pickup and load. Table 4 outlines standard settings for Work Tag: Table 4 - Work Tag Settings for Nulec Protection Function
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Work Tag Instantaneous protection at the existino oickuo

Overcurrent Earth Fault Sensitive Earth Fault

Definite time setting applied at 0.05s with existing pickup Reduce time to 0.8s with existing pickup (tvpicallv 6A)

Note: Operations must be advised when 'Work Tag' is commissioned at any ACR site. When Work Tag is activated at a given site the Operations Diagram must be updated to include a green circle within the yellow box used for an ACR symbol.

3 Live Line (Reclosing suppressed) Settings for Cooper Form 4C .

Cooper 4C ACR's do not have a 'Work Tag' or similar feature. When reclosing is suppressed either locally viathe front panel or remotely the ACR will trip on TCCl , regardless of 0 shots are programmed as partof the ACRs normal operating sequence. Therefore, TCCl must always be set fastto provide adequate protection during live line work. Ensure there is at least a 20% margin between pickup and load.

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The following table outlines standard Live Line settings for Cooper Form 4C ACRs: Table 5

- Live Line Settings for Cooper

Required curve in order to provide adequate protection for live line work TCC1 = C u ~ 101 e TCCI = Curve 105

Protection Function

Overcurrent Earth Fault

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E. ACR Standard Setting Templates

Table 6 to Table 8 contains guidelinesfor setting ACRs. Settings aretypical only and may vary depending on fault levels and load at particular locations. Table 6 - Cooper Form 4C Template

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Table 6 - Continued

Bushing 3-4 Bushing 5-6 100% Duty Factor Duty Monitor Off/On

1045 ON

Min Trip (% of Ground) Alternative Min Trip (% of Ground) Trip Time (secs) Operations to Lockout 100 2 3

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Feature Auto Target Reset (ONIOFF) Operations Counter (ONIOFF) Event Recorder (ONIOFF)

Table 6 - Continued Sequence Co-ordination (ONIOFF) OFF ON ON ON ON OFF

Ground Trip Precedence (ONIOFF) Supervisory via Momentary contact (ONIOFF)

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Notes:

1.

Sensitive Ground Fault not to be used due to calibration issues. Therefore, ground protection has been setup to effectively provide SEF protection (i.e. TCCl equivalent to 0.8s DT & TCC2 equivalent to 1.5s). If fast first phase trip is not required set TCCl trips to 0. Table 7 - Nulec CAPM 4 & 5 Template

2.

Description Phase Trip Current (A) Earth Trip Current (A) Trips to Lockout SEF Availability (ONIOFF) SEF Trip Current (A) SEF Trips to Lockout Negative Phase Sequence Trip Current - Alarm Only (A) Reclaim Time (secs) Sequence Control (ONIOFF) Line I Load Direction Live Line Threshold M . . Live Load Blocking (ONIOFF) Low Gas Lockout (ONIOFF) Loss of Phase Protection (ONIOFF) Loss of Phase Volts (V) Loss of Phase Time (secs) Single Shot Reset Time (secs) Maximum Time (secs) Cold Load Pickup (ONIOFF)

Settings 'A' Group

2 x load (typical)

80-1 00 (typical) 2 (urban) / 3 (rural) ON

6 3

Phase Trip CurrentN3 30 ON Source 2 -> Load 1 18000

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OFF ON OFF 8000 5.0 30 3.0 OFF

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Table 7 - Continued

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