Unit 2: Powers and Roots.

ACTIVITIES 1

Mathematics 4 ESO Option B

10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

READING
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

The expression 10 is called googol. The term was coined (acuado) in 1938 by the 9-year-old Milton Sirotta, nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner. Many calculators do not provide for numbers of this magnitude, but it is no serious loss. A googol has no particular significance in mathematics, but is useful when comparing with other very large quantities such as the number of subatomic particles in the visible universe or the number of hypothetically possible chess moves. Consider that if all the atoms in the known universe were counted (10 10 ), the number would not even be close to a googol. Edward Kasner used it to illustrate the difference between an unimaginably large number and infinity and in this role it is sometimes used in teaching mathematics. If a googol is too small for you, try 10 As final notes: The name of the Internet site Google.com is a takeoff (parodia) on the world googol. In The Simpsons, the family sometimes sees a movie at the "Springfield Googolplex" theatres, a humorous reference to multiplex, megaplex, and the general trend towards theatres with more screens (each of which is often smaller). A generation later of its invention, googol has been popularized enough to be able to reach audiences of the widely-distributed Peanuts comic strip in which Schroeder estimates Lucy's odds (probabilidad) of eventually marrying him as "Oh, I'd say about 'googol' to one": , which is called a googolplex.

IES Albayzn (Granada)

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Unit 2: Powers and Roots. ACTIVITIES 1

Mathematics 4 ESO Option B

Exercises
1) Connecting Concepts a) If A and B are two sets and b) If A and B are two sets and c) If A and B are two sets and = , what can be said about B? = , what can be said about B? = , what can be said about B?

2) Operations on intervals Besides finding unions and intersections of intervals, it is possible to apply other operations to intervals. For instance, 1,2 , is the interval that results from squaring every number in the interval 1,2 . This gives [0,4 . a) Find 4,2 . b) Find | 4,5 |, the absolute value of every number in 4,5 . 3) Write the following numbers in scientific notation. a) 2,011,000,000,000 = b) 49,100,000,000 = c) 0.000000000562 = d) 0.000000402 = 4) Perform the indicated operation and write the answer in scientific notation. a) 3 10 9 10 = b) 8.9 10 3.4 10 =

c) d) e)

. . .

= =
. .

5) Doppler Effect. Astronomers can approximate the distance to a galaxy by measuring its red shift, which is a shift in the wavelength of the light due to the velocity of the galaxy. This is similar to the way the sound of a siren coming toward you seems to have a higher pitch (tono) than the sound of the siren moving away from you. A formula for red shift is: = where , and are wavelengths of a certain frequency of light. Calculate the red shift for a galaxy for which = 5.13 10 meter and = 5.06 10 meter.

IES Albayzn (Granada)

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