Chronicle of National Development

Chronicle of National Development
Comparison between
period preceding 1988 and after
(up to 31-12-2005)
Published by the Ministry of Information.

Second Printing
March, 2006
1000 copies
Photographs
Provided by ministries
Printed by
Printing and Publishing Enterprise

Our Three Main National Causes
* Non-disintegration of the Union -Our Cause
* Non-disintegration of national solidarity -Our Cause

* Perpetuation of sovereignty -Our Cause
People’s Desire
* Oppose those relying on external elements, acting as
stooges, holding negative views
* Oppose those trying to jeopardize stability of the State
and progress of the nation
* Oppose foreign nations interfering in internal affairs
of the State
* Crush all internal and external destructive elements as
the common enemy
Four political objectives
* Stability of the State, community peace and tranquillity, prevalence
of law and order
* National reconsolidation
* Emergence of a new enduring State Constitution
* Building of a new modern developed nation in accord with the new
State Constitution
Four economic objectives

* Development of agriculture as the base and all-round
development of other sectors of the economy as well
* Proper evolution of the market-oriented economic system
* Development of the economy inviting participation in terms of
technical know-how and investments from sources inside the
country and abroad
* The initiative to shape the national economy must be kept in the
hands of the State and the national peoples
Four social objectives

* Uplift of the morale and morality of the entire nation
* Uplift of national prestige and integrity and preservation and
safeguarding of cultural heritage and national character
* Uplift of dynamism of patriotic spirit
* Uplift of health, fitness and education standards of the entire nation
Contents
1. Towards a New Modern State .... a
2. The Union of Myanmar .... 3
3. History of Myanmar .... 5
4. Tradition of the Tatmadaw .... 8
5. Towards new golden land of unity and amity .... 10
6. Kachin State marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 17
7. Kayah State marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 41
8. Kayin State marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 57
9. Chin State marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 77
10. Mon State marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 95
11. Rakhine State marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 113
12. Shan State marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 129
13. Sagaing Division marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 149
14. Taninthayi Division marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 171
15. Bago Division marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 193
16. Magway Division marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 217
17. Mandalay Division marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 243
18. Yangon Division marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 269
19. Ayeyawady Division marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 297
20. Myanmar marching to new golden land of unity and amity .... 324
a
Towards A New Modern State
Myanmars have founded a strong nation through national unity since

thousands of years ago. The drive was more visible in the times of Myanmar
kings - Anawrahta, Bayintnaung and Alaungphaya. Such a fine tradition has helped
Myanmar national races enhance the spirit of living harmoniously through thick and
thin. This spirit gave birth to the nationalistic fervour, nationalistic vigour and the
spirit or the will to live independently of the people.
Myanmar faced many evil experiences subsequent to the global changes after
the feudal era. Fully equipped with unflinching spirit, the national people constantly
exerted all-out efforts to repel the western nations that resorted to various means to
invade and then colonize the nation.
Thanks to the strong spirit and vigour of the national people who love
freedom and justice, the patriotic forces hand in hand with the people were able to
quell the fascists who got into the nation during the World War.
The absolute unity and strenuous efforts of the entire national people
culminated in regaining independence. However, the nation lost national solidarity
due to the adverse effects of the cold war and the instigations and intervention of
neo-colonialists. Then, patriotic national forces made combined endeavours to
ensure prevalence of law and order, to regain national unity, and to raise the
socio-economic life of the people.
The Tatmadaw, born of the national people, which has been one with the
people throughout the nation’s history, has been lending itself to the nation-building
tasks in diversified sectors, while remedying the weaknesses of the nation.
In the process, the Government has been working with added momentum day
in, day out under the farsighted leadership so as to complete the infrastructures
needed for building up a modern nation.
The drive thoroughly covers physical or socio-economic requirements including
agriculture, transport, trade and administration sectors and spiritual or cultural need
such as education, health and knowledge sectors. The Government’s efforts have
yielded marked and fruitful results in one and a half decades.
Well convinced that to uphold “Our Three Main National Causes” is the
bounden duty of the entire national people of the Union of Myanmar, all the national
races have been participating in the nation-building undertakings. At the same time,
the State is effectively nurturing and training new generation youths for the
development of human resources to maintain the already-achieved momentum.
The ultimate goal of the national people is emergence of a discipline-flourish-
ing modern developed democratic nation, in which all the national races desire to
live keeping egg and nest intact and to enjoy equal rights and a better living
standard. The Government has been striving steadfastly for achieving the goal,
while overcoming the destructive acts that pose harm to it. Therefore, tangible re-
sults have justified the efforts the Government has been making with added momen-
tum. Discarding the outmoded view and methods, the Union of Myanmar has been
able to maintain friendly relations with the world nations.
Now, the Government is playing a leading role in convening the National
Convention, the first step of the State’s seven-point Road Map, on a grand scale to
draft an enduring State Constitution in line with the wishes of the national people.
The delegates of political parties, delegates of representative-elect, delegates of
national races, delegates of peasants, delegates of workers, delegates of intellectuals
and intelligentsia, delegates of State service personnel, and other invited delegates
representing the entire nation and the people are holding discussions in the National
Convention to lay down basic principles to shape the brighter future of Myanmar.
Now, the eight groups of delegates have unanimously adopted the basic
principles for the legislative sector out of the three branches of State Constitution –
legislative,executive and judicial sectors. Before 31 March 2005 when the National
Convention was adjourned temporarily, respective groups of delegates submitted
their frank proposals and papers to the National Convention for completion of the
executive and judicial sectors.
This book features firm evidences, correct data and figures and documentary
photos sector-wise that reflect the success in building the infrastructures according
to the political, economic and social objectives for the brighter future of the State in
conformity with the historic developments.
Ministry of Information
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of Defence
Services Senior General Than Shwe cordially converses with trainees of B.Ed Course No
36 of University for Development of National Races at the dinner.
The Union of Myanmar
Location
Located in the Southeast Asia region, Myanmar lies between north latitude 9 degrees
32 minutes and 28 degrees 31 minutes and between longitudes 92 degrees 10 minutes East
and 101 degrees 11 minutes East.
Its neighbours are China to the north and northeast; Laos to the east; Thailand to
the south east; and India and Bangladesh to the west and bordering the Andaman Sea
and the Bay of Bengal.
Its capital Yangon lies at 96 degrees 13 minutes east longitude and 16 degrees 45
minutes north latitude. The east longitude 97 degrees 30 minutes is designated for Myanmar
standard time and the MST is 6 hours and 30 minutes earlier than GMT.
Area
With a total land area of 261228 sq miles (677,000 sq km), the country stretches
over 1275 miles (2051 km) from north to south and 582 miles (936 km) east to west.
The country’s border line stretches about 5200 miles and sharing 3808 miles with
neighbouring countries— 1357 miles with China, 1314 miles with Thailand, 857 miles
with India, 152 miles with Bangladesh and 128 miles with Laos. It has a 1385 miles long
coastline from Nat River to Kawthoung.
Topography
Roughly, the topographic condition of Myanmar can be divided into three parts—
western ranges, central plains and eastern hilly regions. Myanmar is adjacent to Himaliyan
ranges which lie in the western part of the country. The Khakaborazi Mountain with the
height of 19296 feet is a part of the western ranges and the Saramayti Mountain is 12553
feet high. The western ranges divide India and Myanmar as a wall.
In the central plains, the Ayeyawady delta region is the largest one and it is
divided into three parts— first part of the region is from the upper reaches to Mandalay,
the second part from Mandalay to Pyay and the third part from Pyay to its end. Sittoung
basin and Chindwin basin are included in the central plain. In the central plain, there also
exist Zeebyu mountain range, Minwon mountain range, Hmankin mountain range and
Gangaw mountain range. Bago Mountain range lies from north to south in the region.
Shan Plateau is called the eastern mountain range which has an average height of 3000
to 4000 feet.
The Union of Myanmar
Although it is called a plateau, there exists mountains with high slopes. Across the
plateau Thanlwin river flows from north to south— Shan Plateau to Taninthayi coastal
region. Zawgyi, Myitnge and Panlaung rivers originate in the Shan Plateau and enter the
River Ayeyawady.
Population
The Union of Myanmar is home to various national races and the main stocks are
Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Bamar, Mon, Rakhine and Shan. According to the data in
1998-99, the population of the country has reached 47.25 million and the increase rate
is 1.84 per cent. The number of man reaches 23.46 million (49.66 per cent) and woman
23.79 (50.34 per cent). According to the estimate of 31-12-2005, the population of
Myanmar totalled over 54.7 million.
Climate
Generally, Myanmar has three seasons. The summer is from March to May, the
rainy season from middle of May to end of October, and the cold season from November
to end of February.
Myanmar enjoys a tropical monsoon climate. However, climatic conditions differ
widely from place to place due to widely diverse topographical conditions. For instance,
Central Myanmar has an annual rainfall of less than 40 inches while the Rakhine Coast
gets about 200 inches.
The temperature of Central Myanmar is about 110 degrees Fahrenheit (43.3 degrees
Centigrade) in the months of March and April. During the period, the temperature of the
northern part of Myanmar reaches 97 degrees Fahrenheit (36.1 degrees Centigrade) and
in Shan Plateau it is about 85 to 95 degree Fahrenheit (29.4 to 35 degrees Centigrade).
Temperature of towns vary according to their location and elevation.
In some years past, severe storms occurred causing damages in coastal regions. In
order to bring about the favourable climatic conditions, the State has given priority to
Central Myanmar Greening Project.
Religion
Myanmar enjoys religious tolerance and since the ancient times, there has been full
freedom of worship for followers of different religions. So, different religions can be
practised in Myanmar. The religious edifices and religious orders have been in existence
and religious festivals can be held on a grand scale.
The majority of the population embraces Buddhism with 89.3 per cent but other
religions can be practised freely. In the country, Christian occupies 5.06 per cent of the
population, Islam 3.8 per cent, Hindu 0.5 per cent and Animist 0.2 per cent.
History of Myanmar
With a long 2000 years of History, Myanmar experienced various kinds of events
such as stability in the country and rapid changes. The following are chronicles of the
country—
AD 1st Century … The Pyus founded city states in Beikthanoe, Hanlin,
Tagaung,Thayekhittaya regions. Thaton or Suvanabonmi
was also founded.
1044-1297* (406-659)** … The first Myanmar empire was founded by King
Anawrahta (1044-1047) in Bagan period.
1552-1599 (914-961) … King Bayintnaung (1552-1581) established the second
Myanmar empire in Toungoo period.
1752-1885 (1114-1247) … King Alaungmintaya (1752-1760) founded the third
Myanmar empire in Kongboung period.
1824-26 (1186-1188) … First Anglo-Myanmar war broke out.
1852-54 (1214-1216) … Second Anglo-Myanmar war broke out.
1885 (1247) … After the third Anglo-Myanmar war, Myanmar fell
under the servitude of British colonialists.
1906 (1268) … Young Men’s Buddhist Association (YMBA) was
founded with the aim of promoting the standard of
race and religion. On 18 December 1918, the British
government issued Cradock Plan.
1919 (1281) … Myanmar Women Konmayi Association was formed.
1920 October (1282) … The 8th meeting of YMBA decided to change its name
to GCBA.
1920 December 1282 … The first students strike against the colonial education
occurred.
1930 May (1292) … Doe Bamar Asiayon was formed.
1930 December (1292) … Peasants uprising broke out.
1923-37 (1285-1299) … The period of Diarchy Administration.
25-2-36 (1297) … The second students strike broke out.
1-4-37 to 10-12-42 … 91 departments administration system practised.
8-1-38* (1299) … Chauk oilfield strike started. 1300 revolution broke
out.
26-12-41 (1303) … Burma Independence Army (BIA) was formed.
27-7-42 (1304) … BIA changed its name to Burma Defence Army
(BDA).
** Myanmar Era
* AD
History of Myanmar
1-8-43 … Japanese granted a sham independence.
27-3-45 (1307) … Anti-fascist revolution started.
1945-47 (1306-1308) … White paper administration of British government.
1947 (1309) … Soranto Villa Rehabilitation Programmes were introduced.
12-2-47 (1308) … National consolidation built through the Panglong
Agreement.
4-1-48 (1309) … Myanmar regained her independence.
1948-50 (1310-11) … Parliamentary democracy was practised in the country.
1958-59 (1320-21) … The Tatmadaw shouldered the responsibility of the
State as a Caretaker Government.
2-3-62 (1323) … Revolutionary Council assumed the State power.
1962-74 (1323-35) ... Launched a Socialist Revolution under the leadership
of the Burma Socialist Programme Party.
1974-88 … Pyithu Hluttaw and various levels of People’s Council
were formed and representatives of the people per-
formed the administrative and legislative duties.
18-9-88 … Demonstrations broke out due to general discontent.
Anarchy reigned the country as a result of internal and
external instigations. The rule of law and stability de-
teriorated and a wave of panic swept the country.
Therefore, the Tatmadaw had to take the responsibil-
ity and safeguard the nation.
27-5-90 … Multiparty general elections took place.
9-1-93 … The National Convention was convened.
30-3-96 … The National Convention was temporarily adjourned.
15-11-97 (1359) … The State Peace and Development Council was formed,
12 political, economic and social objectives laid down
and efforts have been made for emergence of a peace-
ful, modern and developed nation.
30-8-2003 … The seven-point Road Map was announced.
17-5-2004 … The National Convention that was temporarily ad-
journed resumed.
Tradition of the Tatmadaw
Throughout the independence struggle of Myanmar history, the national races fought
against the colonialists, political groups tried hard for national cause, and efforts made
in various forms for regaining independence. With the concept that political means only
would not be able to regain independence but armed struggle might sweep the colonialists
out of the soil of the country, Myanmar political leaders secretly planned to form a
Tatmadaw.
World War II broke out on 3 September 1939. The Thirty Comrades formed with
patriotic politicians made contact with Japanese and left for Hainang in southern China
to undergo military training. They had to take vigorous military training there.
After the Japanese entered the war, the Thirty Comrades arrived in Bangkok to-
gether with the Japanese troops. From 26 December 1941 to 2 January 1942 Burma
Independence Army was formed in Bangkok. Initially, the BIA was formed with 200
men and hand in hand with Japanese troops they fought against the colonialist troops.
Without holding self-interests in the fore and with the aim of regaining independ-
ence, the patriotic national youth joined BIA. In this way, the number of BIA had reached
up to 30,000 from 23,000 within a short period. But Japanese were displeased with the
increase in the number of BIA. Therefore, they abolished the BIA on 27 July 1942 and
formed Burma Defence Army with 3,000 troops. Although the BDA members had to
discharge their duty under the command of Japanese as a subordinate, the BDA was
mobilized and it underwent military training systematically and troops were efficient
ones with strong patriotism.
On 1 August 1943 Japanese granted a sham independence to Myanmar. The De-
fence Council meeting held on 15 September 1943, changed the name of BDA to Burma
National Army (BNA). On 27 March 1945, the Tatmadaw, hand in hand with the people,
launched anti-fascist resistance. From that day on the Tatmadaw has been in oneness with
the people. The Tatmadaw has become endowed with the features of national armed
forces serving the interests of the nation and its people.
British colonialists who entered the country again did not want to acknowledge the
Tatmadaw as a national Tatmadaw representing the nation and the people. They tried to
abolish Patriotic Burma Force and transform it into Burma Army. But, the Tatmadaw and
the people did not accept their scheme. Therefore, the British had to acknowledge the
Tatmadaw as Patriotic Burma Force (PBF).
Tradition of the Tatmadaw
The British had to give up the plan of abolishing PBF and admitting only those who
had met their standard to Burma Army. In accord with the Kandy Treaty signed in Kandy
in Sri Lanka on 6 September 1945, the British allowed all the 5200 other ranks, 200
officers and 200 reserved officer from PBF to merge with Burma Army.
The Tatmadaw launched the anti-fascist movement and as a hard-core force fought
against the colonialists hand in hand with the people to regain independence. The day of
resistance on which the Tatmadaw and the people drove out the fascists has been des-
ignated as the Armed Forces Day and parade has been held yearly on that day and the
60th anniversary of Armed Forces Day was held in 2005. According to historical de-
mand, the Tatmadaw had to take part in national political leading role apart from national
defence role in 1948-49 when the internal insurgency was at its peak and in 1950 when
the Tatmadaw was engaged in fighting against the foreign intruders.
The Tatmadaw had to unavoidably take the responsibility of the State on 2 March
1962 when the nation faced with the danger of disintegration of national unity and the
Union and loss of sovereignty.
Again in 1988, the country experienced chaos, which broke out due to discontent
among the people. During the period, anarchy reigned the country and thus for the sake
of peace and stability the Tatmadaw had to bear the full brunt of the shock as there was
no way to solve the problem. Nowadays, the Tatmadaw as the State Peace and Devel-
opment Council is serving the interests of the State dutifully. Thanks to the earnest efforts
of the Tatmadaw for national reconsolidation 17 national race armed groups had returned
to the legal fold.
It can be seen that there are specific events in the history of the Tatmadaw that is
in parallel with the history of the State.
The Tatmadaw with good traditions is endowed with military, organizing and ad-
ministration capabilities. Holding the four oaths in the fore, the Tatmadaw, from its birth,
has discharged its national duties successfully and is also discharging the duties at the
risk of its lives and will discharge the national duties unwaveringly. As the Tatmadaw
is a consolidated national force the leading role of the Tatmadaw can be seen in inde-
pendence struggle and in the national political sector.
Towards new golden land of unity
and amity
Myanmar is a Union made up of seven states and seven divisions. Over 100 national
races have been living together in unity and amity through thick and thin throughout
consecutive eras of history.
A glance at the course of history will indicate that Myanmar had stood as an
independent and sovereign State under its own monarch in the international community
for years countable by the thousand. From that time onwards, the national brethren came
together to eliminate all the dangers posed to the country and protected their motherland.
The colonialists waged an aggressive war on Myanmar in 1824. After three wars,
Myanmar was colonized in 1885. Like a saying that goes "a real ruby does not lose its
brightness even in the mire", national compatriots armed themselves with Union Spirit
and showed bravery and determination throughout the independence struggle.
The colonialists made wicked schemes to break up national solidarity by introduc-
ing the "divide and rule" policy so that they could enslave Myanmar for a long time. Yet,
national people unanimously made it known to the colonialists at Panglong on 12 Feb-
ruary 1947 that their unity had been hardened into "family spirit".
After witnessing the united strength of national people, the colonialists eventually
granted independence to Myanmar. On the other hand, the conspirators hatched wicked
schemes to hold sway over Myanmar and to make her dance to their tune.
As an emerging independent nation, Myanmar should have kept pace with neigh-
bouring countries in terms of development. Instead, the country suffered the impact of
internal insurgency.
The country had lived under the colonial servitude for over 123 years, subject to
all kinds of exploitation. The country was not able to rise from a 40-year knockout
engulfed in the flame of internal insurgency. Under such circumstances, the country was
close to collapse in 1988 as a result of subversive as well as provocative acts of the
internal and external destructive elements. The Tatmadaw thus saved the country from
imminent disintegration in the nick of time by assuming the State duty.
The Tatmadaw Government that came into existence as an answer to the call of
historical need worked hard to put the country in order by improving the socio-economic
life of national people after drawing lessons from the past events and analysing the
prevailing conditions. Now, the government is taking measures for reforms to improve
all the sectors across the country through a calculation of development paces slower than
others. Geographically, Myanmar shares borders with India in the west, with China in the
north, and with Laos and Thailand in the east. To the far south of Myanmar lies the Bay
of Bengal linking to the Indian Ocean.
The Union of Myanmar is 1,275 miles in length from north to south and 582 miles
from east to west. The total area of the country is 261,228 square miles. Myanmar has
a population of over 53 million.
The forest area of the country constitutes 57 percent of the land, 149528 square
miles. The cultivable land as a whole totalled 45 million acres when compared with over
24.8 million acres in 1988.
At present, Myanmar is an agro-based country, with its 70 percent of population
living in rural areas.
The transport system in the colonial era was a total failure. Even after independ-
ence, transport mainly relied on water course in delta regions, not to mention border
areas.
The government is making strenuous efforts day in, day out to overcome the dif-
ficulties.
In line with the guidance of the Head of State, emphasis has been placed on the
perpetual existence of the Union.
State Peace and Development Council Chairman and also Commander-in-Chief of
Defence Services Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance on the spirit of oneness
among the national brethren at University for Development of National Races on 28
January 2003.
The Senior General said: "A variety of national races live in the territory of our
nation Myanmar, and each and every part of the nation is like a small union where
different nationalities reside. We Myanmars have been living together in unison so
long that we are inseparable. And love, friendship and unity are a must for all of us".
The guidance is indeed like a light that shows the way to the better future of the
nation at a time when the national races, who have been living on the same land and
drinking water from the same source, are striving for national progress, while sailing on
the same boat.
The government therefore gave the top priority to national reconsolidation and
managed to clear the hatred, discord and misunderstanding among the national brethren,
which were caused by the instigations and interventions of the colonialists. In conse-
quence, a total of 17 national armed groups have returned to the legal fold. With the fruits
of peace and stability in the entire nation, the Border Areas and National Races Devel-
opment Project opened a new chapter of the nation's history.
map of myanmar
14 Chronicle of National Development Comparison between
At the same time, the government sought all possible ways and means for food
sufficiency of the entire national people. With a view to ensuring development of the
agricultural sector, the artery of an agro-based nation, the government has been taking
measures systematically and effectively such as extension of sown acreage, construction
of dams and water pumping stations for irrigating cultivated lands, introducing all-year-
round cultivable lands, launching projects for food security of respective regions, and
providing encouragement and necessary assistance for ensuring success in cultivating all
crops. The government also could open a new page of the agricultural sector of the
nation.
Furthermore, the government has been able to build a network of roads and bridges
across the nation in its drive to cement the amicable relations among the national brethren
with smooth and secure transport.
In addition, the government has taken steps for development of the livestock breed-
ing and fishery sector. Myanmar is rich in fresh water fish and prawn as well as sea fish
and prawn. However, it is making sustained efforts with farsightedness to fulfil the fish
and prawn demand of the posterity. The number of fish breeding and prawn breeding
farms has increased significantly in the states and divisions which are blessed with
favourable conditions for this industry. It initiated the paddy plus fish project, and the
release of fingerlings of a wide range of fish species into the Ayeyawady River.
It has placed emphasis on conservation of present forests as well as planting of
trees to form more forests. It is implementing the project for greening of the 13 districts
in the Upper Myanmar, which were once called the arid zone of the nation.
Based on the success in the agriculture, livestock breeding, regional greening and
transport sectors, it is putting into motion the master plan for building an agro-based
industrialized country. It has also helped emerge computer-aided industrial zones and
factories in the country.
For the national progress, the government, under the close supervision of the Spe-
cial Projects Implementation Central Committee headed by the Head of State, is doing
its utmost to open a bridge in a month and 12 dams in a year in order to bring fruits of
rapid development to the national people in a short time. So, a lot of new towns, roads,
bridges and factories have been added to the nation's map.
In addition to building of more infrastructures in various areas for the future nation,
it has laid down many education promotion projects for enabling the national people to
enhance their intellectual power in the knowledge age. It has broadened the scope of the
education sphere by means of opening more and more basic and higher education schools
period preceding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2005) 15
for the entire national people to enjoy equal rights in their pursuit of education and for
upgrading the nation's education standard. Under the 24 Special Region Development
Project, it has established new universities, colleges and 200-bed hospitals in respective
regions.
Simultaneously, it is implementing the five rural development tasks for elevating
the living and social standards of the rural society.
During the more-than-16-year period of the Tatmadaw government, the nation has
been able to reach again the list of top paddy-producing nations, play a leading role in
producing beans and pulses among ASEAN nations, stand as a nation, in which forests
are conserved and the environment protected well, inexhaustible gas deposits discovered,
water resources effectively harnessed for the nation's power sector. It has also caught up
with other ASEAN nations in the education and health spheres. Therefore, the nation is
now on its way to a new state with bright prospects.
The above-mentioned fruitful results well matched with the speech delivered by
Head of State Senior General Than Shwe during his inspection tour of Shan State in April
2002, saying that as the national races who live in 14 states and divisions are indeed
the brethren, the government is making relentless efforts to ensure equitable devel-
opment of all parts of the nation.
“Simultaneously, the government is taking all possible measures for progress
of the national races and brighter future of the nation. All national people are the
brethren of the nation, so the government really wants to see all national races enjoy
fruitful results of development equally, he said.
“According to the area, natural resources and population of the nation,
Myanmar will become a modern and developed one before long if the national
people make efforts with added momentum in harmony for national development,’’
he said.
Other measures of the government for the seven states and seven divisions will be
presented.
Kachin State marching to new

golden land of unity and amity
Kachin State is located in the northernmost part of the Union of Myanmar with an area
of 34,379 square miles in total. It is like a small union, home to various national races
such as Kachin, Chin, Bamar, Shan and Naga. Its population is 1,433,000 and so in the
region, a square mile is populated with about 42 people in average.
The mountainous region has Mount Khakaborazi (19296 feet) and Mount Galanyazi
(19142 feet), which are higher than any other mountains in the nation. These mountains
are always capped with snow. Its largest plains are Hugaung Valley in Tanaikha River
basin at the top of Chindwin River, Putao plain in Malikha River basin, the surrounding
regions of Myitkyina and Bhamo, Indawgyi Lake, and surrounding areas of Mogaung
Creek and Kaukkway Creek.
During his inspection tour of the region in April 1995, Head of State Senior General
Than Shwe gave guidance to the officials, saying “In the past, Kachin State lagged
behind in development owing to lack of peace and stability in the region for many years.
So, local people should not apply traditional methods any longer but must work hard
much more than ever before for regional development. Now, peace has been restored
well and it is thus the most opportune time to speed up the implementation of tasks for
boosting production through effective use of the natural resources,” he added.
Now, Kachin State has caught up with other states and divisions in various sectors
thanks to the assistance and encouragement of the government, and united and harmo-
nious efforts of local national race leaders and people.
Local national people in Kachin State are enjoying fruits of development. The condi-
tions before and after 1988 are compared in this article.
Agriculture
The total sown acreage of Kachin State was 443,160 only in the past. At that time,
altogether 275,709 acres were put under paddy and the output was 13,466 baskets. Now,
the sown acreage of monsoon and summer paddy has nearly doubled with boosting per
acre yield, so the paddy production has increased two times. In consequence, the region’s
agricultural produce has been in surplus. The following table shows the progress of the
sown acreage of paddy and other crops in the region.
Development in the agriculture sector of Kachin State

Comparison between period preceding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2005)
Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

Land
- Sown acreage acre 443160 798985 355825
increase in
- Virgin and vacant land acre 5182784 4806515 cultivable land
Water supply task
- dam, lake, reservoir, drain - 3 4 1
- Task completed 3 3 -
- Task under implementation - 1 1
- Benefited acres 23837 28837 5000
River water pumping project - 6 6
- Task completed - 2 2
- Task to be carried out - 4 4
- Benefited acres - 13200 13200
Damming creek - 46 46
- Average benefited acres - 5253 5253
Artesian wells - 44 44
Total benefited acres 23837 47556 23719
Double cropping acreage 14801 144142 129341
Extended paddy cultivation
- Monsoon paddy acreage 275709 412241 136532
- per acre yield basket 50.85 66.56 15.71
- Summer paddy acre - 7600 7600
- per acre yield basket - 67.00 67.00
- Total production basket in
thousand 13466 27222 13756
- Regional rice sufficiency per cent - 221 221
Development in the agriculture sector of Kachin State


Progress in acreage of
beans and pulses acre 5685 51116 45431
Sugarcane acreage acre 9684 9796 112
Progress in maize acreage acre 6045 20525 14480
Progress in rubber acreage acre 64 7092 7028
Oil palm acre - 57 57
Tea acre 1251 1842 591
Pepper acre 12 542 530
Coffee acre - 1604 1604
Progress in edible oil crops
- Groundnut acre 24893 52677 27784
- Sesame acre 2959 15009 12050
- Sunflower acre 652 11661 11009
- Monnyin acre 10648 59894 49246
- Niger acre 1297 15080 13783
*Reservoir under construction

1. Paungnet Dam, Shwegu Township, Sithaung Village, benefited acres 5000
Livestock and Fishery

The government promoted livestock industry to increase production of meat. The
number of buffalo, cattle, sheep, goat, pig, chicken and duck has increased to nearly 3.6
million, compared to only over 1.3 million in 1988.
With regard to the fish and prawn breeding sector, there were only 58 acres of breed-
ing ponds in the past, but now the figure has surged to 868 acres accounting for 14 times.
While extending paddy cultivation, the government helped the region launch the paddy
plus fish project. Over 60,000 fishes were put in the paddy fields of more than 120 acres.
The distribution of a variety species of fingerlings amounted to 0.144 million in 1988.
A total of 183.28 million fingerlings have been distributed up to 31-12-2005.
Under the guidance of the Head of State, more than 350,000 fingerlings of different
species of fish were released into the Ayeyawady River for increasing the number of fish
in the long run.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Kachin State


Extended livestock breeding
- Buffalo 142000 175000 33000
- Cattle 207000 260000 53000
- Sheep/goat 13000 29000 16000
- Pig 154000 466000 312000
- Chicken 874000 3087000 2213000
- Duck 34000 157000 123000
- Turkey, goose, muscovy duck 37000 45000 8000
Fish and prawn breeding 9684 9796 112
- Fish breeding pond acre 58.00 868.20 810.20
- Paddy plus fish acre - 208.50 208.50
- Number 1X100000 - 1.04 1.04
- Distribution of fish fries
- Production 1X100000 1.44 183.28 181.24
- Fingerlings released 1X100000 1.00 174.44 173.44
- Sale 1X100000 0.44 8.84 8.40
Fish released into Ayeyawady
River 1X100000 - 50.30 50.30
Forest Conservation
The government paid attention to conservation of forests in Kachin State. So the area
of forests has risen nearly thirty times. The area of afforestation has surged nearly 70
times. In 1988, a total of 10,000 saplings were planted in mass activities. Now, over 7.2
million saplings have been grown in the region.
Besides, the government is implementing the project for greening and long-lasting of
Indawgyi Lake in Indawgyi Wildlife Sanctuary in Mohnyin Township. It designated
299.32 square miles including the area of the lake (14 miles long and five miles wide)
as Indawgyi Wildlife Sanctuary.
Development in the forestry sector of Kachin State


Reserved Forest sq/mile 2008 2218 210
Protected public forest sq/mile - 3118 3118
Natural forests sq/mile 269.46 6276.13 6006.67
Establishment of forest plantation acre 211 15415 15204
- Commercial plantation acre - 8395 8395
- Village firewood acre - 3020 3020
- Watershed plantation acre 211 4000 3789
- Thitseint plantations acre - 900 900
Mass tree planting Tree
(in Million) 0.01 7.12 7.12
Famous Myanmar Teak

Transport Sector
In the past, with poor transport, the region had to mainly rely on railway and airway.
At that time, Shwebo-Myitkyina Road was not a fine one, and the remaining roads were
in poor condition. So, local people had to cross Ayeyawady River first by boat if they
wanted to travel from Myitkyina to Bhamo, and to Waingmaw on the east bank of
Ayeyawady, and then to Chibwe and Sawtlaw in the northern part.
In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, 2,688-foot-long Bala Min Htin Bridge
across Ayeyawady River in Myitkyina was opened in 1998, resulting in better transport
in the region. The opening of Sinkhan Bridge on Mandalay-Tagaung-Bhamo-Myitkyina
Road took place in Shwegu Township, Bhamo District, Kachin State, on 13 January 2005.
It is the 178th of the bridges with 180 feet and above in length in the nation.
Now, the people can choose the 350-mile-long Mandalay-Shwebo-Myitkyina Road on
the west bank of Ayayawady River, or the 302-mile-long Mandalay-Mogok-Momeik-Mabein-
Mansi-Bhamo Road on the east bank of Ayayawady River and the 115-mile-long Bhamo-
Myitkyina Road to travel from Mandalay to Myitkyina. The government has constructed
the 375-mile-long Mandalay-Myitkyina Union Highway along the east bank of Ayayawady
River.
The 460-foot-long Sinkhan Bridge is the 12th of the bridges with 180 feet and above
built by the government in Kachin State.
After 1988, Tapein, Tabetchaung, Bala Min Htin, Nantmyitkha, Maliyan, Namsanyan,
Mole, Tanai, Hopin, Mogaung and Mohnyin bridges emerged in Kachin State. Now, the
government is implementing, Kyundaw bridge, Kaunghmulon suspension bridge, and Namti
bridge (Kanhla) projects in the region.
Moreover, it is upgrading the 78-mile-long Putao-Machanbaw-Phayukha-Nawngmon
Road, and the 228-mile-long Myitkyina-Namti-Tanai-Shinbweyan-Pansaung-Ledo Road.
It will also upgrade Myitkyina-Putao Road, and Myitkyina-Pansauk-Ledo Road. The table
shows the progress of transport sector in Kachin State.
Ayeyawady River crossing Bala Minhtin Bridge
Mogaung Bridge
Development in the transportation sector of Kachin State


Railways
-miles of railroad mile 114.75 122.00 7.25
-miles of railtrack mile 123.94 131.26 7.32
-passenger 1X1000 1967.5 2097.7 130.2
- passenger/mile mile 115079.9 118214.6 3134.7
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 98.8 124.6 25.8
- Goods/mile mile 14344.8 20351.3 6006.5
- Station station 21 33 12
Airways
-Airfield field 7 7 -
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field 4 4 -
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 3 3 -
Extension of motor road mile 1471/0 1644/0 173/0
-tarred road mile 160/0 315/2 155/2
-gravel road mile 156/0 408/2 252/2
-hard road mile 886/0 675/6 upgrading
-earth road mile 269/0 244/6 upgrading
Bridge
- Public Work
- Above 180 feet bridge 27 42 15
- completed bridge* bridge 27 40 13
- bridge under construction** bridge - 2 2
- Under 180 feet bridge 63 307 244
- completed bridge bridge 63 307 244
* Completed two above 180 feet bridges **Three major bridges under construction
1. Bala Minhtin Bridge (across Ayeyawady river) 1. Kyundaw Bridge
2. Tanaing Bridge (Tanaing creek) 2. Kaunghmulon Bridge
3. Namti Bridge (Kanhla)
Communication Sector
The government is taking measures for development of the communication sector of
Kachin State. The following table shows progress of the communication sector of the
region.
Development in the communication sector of Kachin State

Post office office 64 79 15

Telegraph office office 20 29 9
Facsimile - 48 48
Computer telegraph - 6 6
Telephone
-telephone office office 12 56 44
-telephone line line 1140 16250 15110
-exchange exchange 12 41 29
-direct line line 876 13133 12257
-auto/manual phone phone 876 8134 8258
-cellular telephone phone - 3999 3999
-telephone density 1X1000 1.13 9.47 9.47
Microwave station station - 13 13
Rural telephone phone
exchange exchange - 17 17
E-mail/Internet - 14 14
Satellite station1
-DOMSAT station - - -
-VSAT station - 4 4
-iPSTAR station - 8 8
Electric Power
The government is taking systematic measures in order to effectively tap natural
resources in abundance in Kachin State. Hence, there was only a 0.168 megawatt small-
scale hydel power plant (Putao) in 1988. But three medium-scale hydel power plants have
emerged in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.
Therefore, the consumption of electricity in Kachin State has increased from 1.371
(million) unit in the past to 17.508 (million) unit at present. In addition, two large-scale
hydel power plants are under implementation to be able to consume more electricity. Upon
completion, the two hydel power plants will be able to generate 34.5 megawatt. Thus, the
present-hydel power plants in Kachin State will soon be able to generate 48.196 megawatt.
Kyeinkharankha hydel power plant in Myitkyina Township generates 5 kilowatts of electricity.

Development in the electric power sector of Kachin State


Electricity consumption unit (in million) 1.371 17.508 16.137
Maximum power megawatt 4.551 15.935 11.384
Current installed power megawatt 5.233 13.696 8.463
Power to be acquired 5.233 48.196 42.963
unit (million)
Extended generating of electricity
- Hydel power plant completed* plant 1 4 3
-Heavy ( above 10 megawatt) plant - - -
- Medium (1to 10 megawatt) plant - 3 3
- Small ( up to 1 megawatt) plant 1 1 -
Installed power megawatt 0.160 8.940 8.780
- Project under implementation** plant - 2 2
-Heavy ( above 10 megawatt) plant - 2 2
- Installed power megawatt - 34.5000 34.5000
Other power plants
-Reclying power plant plant - - -
-Steam engine plant plant - - -
-Natural gas-powered plant plant - - -
-Coal-fired plant - - -
-Diesel-used plant plant 32 50 18
Installed power in the future megawatt 5.233 48.196 42.963
*Hydel power plant completed

1. Putao 0.160 megawatt (small size) (1988)
2. Galaingchaung 1.260 megawatt (medium size)
3. Kyaingkharankha 2.520 megawatt (medium size)
4. Namkhamkha 5.000 megawatt (medium size)
**Hydel power porject under implementation
1. Malichaung 10.500 megawatt (Large)
2. Tabetchaung 24.000 megawatt (Large)
Industries
As efforts are being made for ensuring development of agriculture as the base and all-
round development of other sectors of the economy as well there have been good founda-
tions for industrial development in Kachin State. In the past, there were 601 private fac-
tories and workshops but there are now 175 private factories and workshops, 95 cottage
industries and 11 State-run factories.
Development in the industrial sector of Kachin State
Upgrading of industrial power

-Private industry industry 601 776 175
-Cottage industry industry - 95 95
State-owned industry industry 11 11 -
Technical Institute in Mohnyin

Education
The government is striving in all seriousness in order to produce more intellectuals and
intelligentsia and to enhance the education standard of the whole region. More basic education
schools were opened in border areas. In the process, there have emerged 137 basic education
schools in border areas, where altogether over 280,000 students are pursuing education. The
strength of teachers has doubled.
The special 24 development regions have been designated and are being implemented to
enable the national race youths to pursue education within their reach. In the past, there was only
one degree college in Kachin State but there are now one university, two degree colleges and
one college. Hence, there were only over 1,000 students who were able to access higher
education in 1988. But there are now 18,035students who are able to do so in the region.
Bhamo Degree College

Development in the education sector of Kachin State

Basic education level
- Number of school school 1178 1315 137
- High school school 30 77 47
- Middle school school 68 85 17
- Post primary school school - 150 150
- Primary school school 1080 1003 upgrading
- Multi media classroom room - 66 66
- e-learning centre centre - 32 32
Number of teacher teacher 4873 8376 3503
Number of student student 142248 281336 139088
- Preprimary school
- Number of school school - 22 22
- Number of children children - 672 672
Teachers education
- Education college college 1 1 upgrading
- Number of teacher teacher 15 40 25
- Number of trainees trainees 153 893 740
School enrolment rate percent 62.13 94.51 32.38
Adult literacy rate percent 72.71 93.20 20.50
School dropout rate
- Basic level percent 45.35 14.37 30.98
- middle level percent 44.93 12.28 32.65
Upgrading of higher education
- University, college, degree college 1 4 3
- Degree college 1 2 1
- College - 1 1
e-learning centre - 35 35
Wide area network - - -
Number of WAN sites - 5 5
Teaching programmes 8 55 47
Number of teacher 86 417 331
Number of student 1252 18035 16783
Human Resource Development Centre - 3 3
Science and Technology

In combination with the education sector, efforts are being made for the emergence of
experts in science and technological sector. With this end in view, two government techno-
logical colleges and two government computer colleges have emerged in Kachin State. The
four higher learning institutions in Myitkyina and Bhamo special regions are now producing
technocrats and computer scientists by thousands. One government technical institute was
also opened in Mohnyin.
Development in the science and technology sector of Kachin State
Technological college college - 3 3
- Government Technological college (Myitkyina) college - 1 1
- Number of courses course - 7 7
- Government Technological college (Bhamo) college - 1 1
- Government Technological college (Monyin) college - 1 1
Number of teachers teacher - 172 172
Number of student (graduate) student - 1317 1317
Number of student (current) student - 876 876
-Computercolleges college - 2 2
- Government Computer College (Myitkyina) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Bhamo) college - 1 1
-Number of courses course - 3 3
-Number of teachers teacher - 34 34
-Number of students (graduate) student - 160 160
- Number of student (current) student - 346 346

Mining and Mineral Resources

Jade, copper, gold and coal have been mined in Kachin State well-known as the jade
land. After 1988, talcum and crystal were also produced in the region. With the encourage-
ment of the government, the number of joint venture-private jade block has now increased.
Jade and gold are now being mined more than ever. More private entrepreneurs are
engaged in those tasks in the interest of the State.
Myanmar Gems
Health
In an effort to ensure uplift of health, fitness and education standards of the entire nation
the government has been providing health care services to local people in Kachin State like
other states and divisions. The number of hospitals has increased from 35 in the past to 46
to date. Likewise, the strength of health staff has increased from 716 in the past to 1,130
to date. There were 121 doctors in 1988 but there are now 271. One traditional medicine
hospital and five dispensaries were added for ensuring better health care services.
Development in the health sector of Kachin State

Upgrading of hospital hospital 35 46 11
- Specialist hospital hospital 2 2 -
- Teaching hospital hospital - - -
- 300-bed hospital - 1 1
- 200-bed hospital 1 1 -
- 150-bed hospital 1 - (-1)
- 100-bed hospital - 2
- 50-bed hospital 5 4 (-1)
- 16-bed hospital 9 8 (-1)
- Station hospital/ Branch Tsp hospital hospital 15 26 11
Health Centres centre 69 72 3
- Rural Health Centre centre 47 50 3
- Maternal and Child Health Centre centre 19 19 -
- Local Health Centre centre 1 1 -
- School Health Team team 2 2 -
Health Staff staff 716 1330 614
- Doctor (Specialist/Assistant) doctor 121 271 150
- Nurse nurse 177 490 313
- Health staff staff 57 62 5
- Midwife midwife 284 343 59
- Skilled labour labour 8 26 18
- TSP Health Assistant assistant - 4 4
- Health Assistant-1 assistant - 18 18
- Health Assistant assistant 40 51 11
- Supervisor 1,2 supervisor 29 65 36
Traditional medicine
- Traditional Medicine Hospital hospital - 1 1
- Traditional Medicine Clinic clinic 5 10 5
Training School school 1 3 2
- Nurses Training School school - 2 2
- Midwifery School school 1 1 -
Urban and Rural Development

Steps are being taken for development of urban and rural regions in Kachin State while
striving for improvement of socio-economic life of the local people. The length of urban
roads including tarred roads, gravel roads and laterite roads has increased from 215 miles
and 3 furlongs in the past to 305 miles and 7 furlongs to date.
In the past, measures were taken for ensuring water supply to two towns in Kachin State.
At present, efforts are being made for ensuring water supply to another seven towns. The
length of village-to-village roads has increased from 468 miles in the past to 915 miles to
date for regional development. This includes 53 miles and 2 furlongs of tarred road. To
ensure potable water supply to rural regions, 886 tasks for water supply were carried out
in 306 villages out of 678 villages.
Kachin traditional Manaw Dance

Development in the development affairs sector of Kachin State

Comparison between period precding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2005)
-Urban Development
-Urban roads mile 215/3 305/7 90/4
-Tarred road mile 42/5 104/2 61/5
-Gravelled road mile 99/2 94/7 (-)4/3
-Granite road mile 7/2 - (-)7/2
-Earth road mile 66/2 107/6 41/4
-Urban bridge bridge - 291 291
-Concrete bridge - 196 196
-Wood bridge - 54 54
-Conduit pipe - 32 32
-Other bridge - 6 6
-Urban water supply task
Township where tasks to be carried out town 18 9 9
Completed work work 2 9 7
Rural Development
-Rural roads mile 468/0 915/1 547/7
-Gravelled road mile 3/0 119/7 116/7
-Granite road mile 50/4 - (-)50/4
-Earth road mile 408/4 742/0 3333/4
-Rural bridge bridge - 105 105
-Conduit pipe - 8 8
-Other bridge - - -
-Rural water supply task
Village where tasks to be carried out village 678 372 306
Completed work work - 887 887
-Rural housing house - 15 15
Border Areas and National Races Development

With a view to bringing development to Kachin State and ensuring development of na-
tional races, the government has designated Kachin State Special Region-1 and Kachin State
Special Region-2. Thanks to prevalence of peace and tranquillity in Kachin State the two
special regions are enjoying the fruitful results of development.
Those regions, which lagged behind in development in the pasts, are now making
progress like big cities. The youth development training schools were opened in
Myitkyina, Bhamo and Putao. Arrangements are being made to open vocational train-
ing schools in Bhamo, Putao, Dwonban and Daw-phoneyan.
Development in the border areas and national races
affairs sector of Kachin State
Development regions
-Kachin special region-1 region - 2 2
-Kachin special region-2 region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Earth road mile - 319/6 319/6
-Gravelled road mile - 201/4 201/4
-Tarred road mile - 2/1 2/1
-Road maintenance mile - 216/1 216/1
-Bridge(large, small,suspension) bridge - 8/196/26 8/196/26
Health care service
-Hospital hospital - 11 11
-Clinic clinic - 30 30
-Rural health centre centre - 24 24
Development in the border areas and national races

affairs sector of Kachin State
Education
-Primary school school - 178 178
-Middle school school - 11 11
-High school school - 9 9
-Teacher teacher - 747 747
-Student student - 24055 24055
Agriculture
-Agriculture office office - 2 2
-Agriculture camp camp - 8 8
-Dam dam - 2 2
-Land reclamation acre - 1000 1000
Forestry
-Reserved forest - 1 1
Livestock breeding
-Farm farm - 1 1
-Veterinary office office - 4 4
-Distribution of cattle, donkey, sheep - 14 14
Energy
-Power station station - 23 23
-Towns with electricity town - 17 17
Public relations
-TV retransmission station station - 14 14
Communications
-Post office office - 3 3
-Telegraph service service - 5 5
-Telephone office - 6 6
Expenditure kyat (in million) - 5565.66 5565.66
-Funds of PBANRDA kyat (in million) - 2153.28 2153.28
-Funds of ministries kyat (in million) - 3412.38 3412.38
Information and Public Relations

The information sector is sending news on efforts of the government serving the
long-term interest of the State and the people and news on economic, social and
science and technology to the people. Kachin State Information and Public Relations
Department is taking the following measures for further cementing friendship among
the national races.
Development in the information and public relations sector
of Kachin State

-TV retransmission station station 2 20 18
-IPRD office office - 24 24
-IPRD library library 14 24 10
-Rural library library - 733 733
-Sub-printing house (Myitkyina) house - 1 1
The photo shows Kachin national races taking part in

Wunpaungneingaungsunra Manaw Dance in Myitkyina, Kachin State.
180-feet and above major bridges built in Kachin State after 1988
Length Width
Sr Bridge Road Township River/Creek
(feet) (feet)
1 Tapain suspension bridge Bhamo-Myitkyina Moemauk Tapain river 320 18
2 Tabetchaung bridge Bhamo-Myitkyina Waingmaw Tabet creek 450 12feet-4inches
3 Bhala Minhtin bridge Bhamo-Myitkyina Myitkyina Ayeyawady river 2688 40
4 Nantmyitkha bridge Mongna-Waingmaw Waingmaw Nantmyitkha creek 260 12feet4inches
5 Maliyan bridge Bhamo-Myitkyina Waingmaw Mali creek 320 12feet4inches
6 Namsamyan bridge Bhamo-Myitkyina Moemauk Namsamyan creek 320 12feet4inches
7 Moepale bridge Bhamo-Myitkyina Moemauk Moele creek 325 12feet4inches
8 Tanaing bridge Namti-Tanaing-Nanyun Tanaing Tanaing creek 942 12feet
9 Hopin bridge Mandalay-Shwebo-Myitkyina Moenyin Thayet creek 200 42

10 Mogaung bridge Mandalay-Shwebo-Myitkyina Mogaung Namkaung creek 945 32
11 Monyin bridge Shwebo-Myitkyina Moenyin Namyin creek 200 42
12 Sinkhan bridge Shwebo-Myitkyina Bhamo Sinkhan creek 460 36
13 Kyundaw bridge Shwebo-Myitkyina Mogaung Nanyin creek 366 42
180-feet and above major bridges being built in Kachin State

Length Width
Sr Bridge Road Township River/Creek
(feet) (feet)
1 Kaungkhmulon suspension bridge Putao-Naungmon Putao Malikha river 700 9

2 Namti bridge Shwebo-Myitkyina Namti Namti creek 300 30
Kayah State marching to new

Located in the eastern part of Myanmar, the 4,530-square-mile Kayah State is home
to national races including Kayah, Kayan, Mono, Kayaw, Yintale, Gekho, Geba, living
together with Kachin, Kayin, Chin, Pa-O, Bamar, Mon, Rakhine, Shan and Intha. It is
like a small Union with a population of 312,001. Its population density is 69 person per
square-mile.
Lying on a high plateau contiguous with the Shan plateau, the elevation of Kayah
State is between 2,950 feet and 6,000 feet above sea level. The raging natural water-
courses are flowing through the mountainous state from the north to south. The Belu
Creek originates at Inlay Lake and flows through the fertile Loikaw plain where various
kinds of crops are cultivated.
In his message sent to the 47th Anniversary Union Day on 12 February 1994, Head
of State Senior General Than Shwe states, “Since its assumption of the State duties,
the Government has been giving priority to the cause of nationalities, while placing
in the fore Our Three Main National Causes — Non-disintegration of the Union;
non-disintegration of national solidarity; and perpetuation of sovereignty.
The time is ripe for national race groups in the jungles to abandon their armed
struggle line posing as an obstacle to the progress of their own races, and to return
to the legal fold with honour, for energetically servi ng the interest of the Union and
the race.”
Peace is the foundation of progress. With sincere goodwill, Tatmadaw has extended
an olive branch to all the armed groups to return to the legal fold, and its ultimate goal
is for prevalence of peace and stability in the whole Union and for all the national people
to enjoy harmonious progress.
Soon after peace and stability has been restored in Kayah State, it is now witnessing
developments in all sectors. I will now present in comparison the situation of Kayah State
in 1988 and at present.
Agriculture
In 1988, Kayah State could not even produce enough food to feed its own people. The
Tatmadaw Government has changed the agricultural patterns and water supply programmes
of the state. It has built Dawtacha Dam in 1997 to irrigate 1,000 acres of crops in
Bawlake Township; and Loik-nan-hpa Dam in Demawhso Township to irrigate 2,150
acres of land. In addition, it has built water pumping stations and small-scale dams to
increase the sown acreage of the state.
The table shows the development of agricultural sector in Kayah State:
Ngwetaung Dam in Kayah State

Development in the agriculture sector of Kayah State

Land
- Virgin and vacant land acre 152743 68698 increase in
cultivable land
Water supply task
- Task completed* 11 13 2
River water pumping project acre - 3 3
Damming creek acre - 5 5
Artesian wells acre - 5 5
Total benefited acres acre 55063 63538 8375
Double cropping acreage acre 2268 33377 31109
Extended paddy cultivation acre
- Monsoon paddy acreage acre 56007 97243 41236
thousand 2278 5910 3632
- Regional rice sufficiency percent - 125 125
Rubber acreage acre - 111 111
- Groundnut acre 7360 14603 7243
- Sesame acre 2021 13571 11550
- Mastard acre 47 305 258
- Niger acre 598 8091 7493
*Dam Completed
1. Dawtacha Dam, Bawlake Township, Dawtacha village, Benefited acres (1000)
2. Loinanpha Dam, Demoso Township, Loinanpha village, Benefited acres (2150)
Locals in Loikaw Township, Kayah State, harvesting high yield paddy

Livestock and Fisheries

Thanks to the assistance of the Government, the state can double its farming sector,
raising 1,136000 heads of livestock at present, up from 545,000 in 1988. The state is now
raising fish in 129.18 acres, and in 1988 it had only three acres of fish farms.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Kayah State

- Buffalo 27000 28000 1000
- Cattle 72000 75000 3000
- Sheep/goat 2000 3000 1000
- Pig 48000 82000 34000
- Chicken 386000 1114000 728000
- Duck 2000 13000 11000
Forest Conservation
The state grew about 90,000 saplings in 1988. But it planted over 3,810,000 saplings
this year. The table shows the extent of forest conservation work in Kayah State.
Development in the forestry sector of Kayah State

-Commercial plantation acre - 3280 3280
-Village firewood acre - 942 942
-Watershed plantation acre 200 2935 2735
-Thitseint plantations acre - 300 300
Mass tree planting Tree 0.09 3.81 3.72
(in Million)
Road and Transport

Till 1988, transport was poor in the state. Aungban-Pinlaung-Moebye-Loikaw road,
Toungoo-Leiktho-Yado road and Loikaw-Hopong road served as gateways to the state in
the past, but the latter facility could not be used in all weathers.
The Government has upgraded the roads including the above-mentioned two facilities.
Now the state has 185 miles of motor road including 155 miles and six furlongs of tarred
roads. Loikaw-Ponchaung-Shardaw road, Toungoo-Mawchi-Loikaw road, Bawlake-
Ywathit-Souppaing road, and Hpasawng-Mehsenam-Meseh-Namman road have been
upgraded.
The new Aungban-Loikaw railroad linking Shan and Kayan states was commissioned
into service on 27 March 1993. The project covered 106.62 miles of railroad for a
distance of 101.92 miles as well as 25 railway stations.
The development of the transport sector of Kayah State is shown in the table.
Development in the transportation sector of Kayah State

Railways
- miles of railroad mile - 8.59 8.59
- miles of railtrack mile - 10.90 10.90
- passenger 1X1000 - 52.0 52.0
- passenger/mile mile - 3611.0 3611.0
- Goods Ton (1x1000) - 4.4 4.4
- Goods/mile mile - 229.6 229.6
- Station station - 3 3
Airways
- tarred road mile 126/0 281/6 155/6
- gravel road mile 30/0 32/4 2/4
- hard road mile 142/0 138/1 upgrading
- earth road mile 98/0 128/5 30/5
Bridge
- Public Works
- completed bridge bridge 6 6 -
- bridge to be built bridge - 2 2
180 feet and above bridges to be built in Kayah State

Target length Type
Sr Bridge Road River/Creek
(feet)
1. Hteesekha Tongoo-Loikaw Hteesekha creek 300 RC
Hseseng-Hopong
2. Htoochaung Bawlake-Hpahsaung Htoo creek 300 RC
Communications
The table shows the development of the communication sector of Kayah State.
Development in the communication sector of Kayah State

Telegraph office 3 11 8
Facsimile - 25 25
Telephone
-telephone office 3 15 12
-telephone line 650 2293 1589
-exchange 3 9 6
-direct line 558 1917 1358
-auto/manual phone 558 1917 1358
Microwave station - 1 1
Rural telephone
exchange - 6 6
E-mail/Internet - - 3 3
Satellite station
-DOMSAT - - -
-VSAT - - -
-iPSTAR - 8 8
A microwave station in Loikaw

Electricity
Kayah State, with many falls and rapids, had the large 168-megawatt Bilu Creek
Hydel Power Plant and the small-scale 0.108-megawatt power hydel power station at
Hpasawng before 1988. The Tatmadaw Government built a new 28-megawatt power
plant on Bilu Creek. Power consumption of the state has risen to five times the amount
it did in 1988. The table shows the development of electricity sector of the state:
Development in the electric power sector of Kayah State


- Hydel power plant completed plant 2 4 2
-Heavy ( above 10 megawatt) plant 1 2 1
- Small ( up to 1 megawatt) plant 1 2 1
- Installed power megawatt 168.108 196.108 28.000
Other power plants
-Natural gas- fired plant - - -
Completed Hydel Power Plant

1. Biluchaung-2 168.000 megawatt (heavy) (1988)
2. Hpahsaung 0.108 megawatt (small) (1988)
3. Biluchaung-1 28.00 megawatt (heavy)
Bilu Creek Hydel Power Plant in Kayah State

Industrial Sector
Seven State-owned industries, 33 cottage industries and 270 private industries are
running in the state. The government has given priority to the further development of the
sector.
Development in the industrial sector of Kayah State
Private industry plant 270 270 -
-Cottage industry plant - 33 33
State-owned industry plant 4 7 3

Mawchi Mines is producing tin, tungsten and shale. Discovery of marble and anti-
mony after 1988 has generated more job opportunities. The state produced 188.16 metric
tons of marble and 160 tons of antimony in 2005.
Education
The education promotion plans of the Government cover Kayah State. The number of
students is increasing as the strength of teachers has risen. The increase in the school
enrolment rate and adult literacy rate in the state is encouraging.
Loikaw covered by the 24-development zone project has now an arts and science
university. Thus, local youths can pursue higher education in their own region. The
following table shows the sustainable developments the state has been achieving in the
education sector since 1988:
Development in the education sector of Kayah State

- Preprimary school
School dropout rate
- Primary level percent 37.45 6.20 31.25
- University, college, degree college - 1 1
- Arts and Science University - 1 1
- College - 1 1
Teaching programmes - 40 40
Number of teacher - 138 138
Number of student - 3051 3051

Like in all other states and divisions, the science and technology development pro-
gramme of Kayah State is gaining more ground. A government technological college and
a government computer college are producing hundreds of technicians and computer
scientists in the state. The two colleges were built after 1988.
Development in the science and technology sector of Kayah State

Technological college college - 1 1
- Government Technological college (Loikaw) college - 1 1
-Number of students (current) student - 321 321
-Computer College college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Loikaw) college - 1 1
Health
Health services of the state are also developing as in all other states and divisions. The
150-bed hospital in Loikaw has been upgraded to a 200-bed facility, and it has been
reinforced with more specialist surgeons. The state has doubled the number of doctors
working in it and added hundreds of health staff of other levels to the related facilities.
It has one traditional medicine hospital and nine traditional medicine dispensaries. The
following table documents progress of the health sector:
Development in the health sector of Kayah State
- 150-bed hospital 1 - upgrading
- 25-bed hospital 4 7 3
- Station hospital/ Branch Tsp hospital hospital 8 8 -
- TSP Health Assistant assistant 14 28 14
- Superviser 1,2 superviser 29 65 36
Training School school - 1 1

Development in economic and social sectors has helped improve the standard of towns
and villages in the state. There are now 29 miles and two furlongs more urban roads and
99 more urban bridges than in 1988. There were no rural roads and bridges in the past.
Now the state has 223 miles of rural roads and 65 rural bridges.
Four towns have now urban water supply system. Three more towns are also covered
by the urban water supply project. A total of 130 water supply works are being carried
out in 39 villages.
Development in the development affairs sector of Kayah State

Urban development
-Tarred road mile 18/7 19/6 -/7
-Earth road mile 21/1 29/1 8
-Urban water supply tasks
Rural Development
-Rural roads mile - 223/3 223/3
-Granite road mile - 9/7 9/7
-Rural water supply tasks

Development is the result of peace. The development drive in Kayah State indicates
the need for all the national races to constantly enjoy the fruits of peace and progress.
The border areas and national races development project has provided the above-men-
tioned facilities for Kayah State:
Development in the border areas and national races affairs sector of
Kayah State
Development regions
-Kayah region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Tarred road mile - 13 13
-Bridge( small) bridge - 29 29

Health care service
Education
-Hight school school - 5 5
Agriculture
-Dam dam - 10 10
-Canal acre - 1 1
Livestock breeding
-Distribution of cattle, donkey, sheep - 12 12
Energy
Public relations
Communications
-Telephone phone - 3 3

The information sector is informing the public about the Government’s endeavours to
serve the interests of the nation and the people energetically, while keeping in the fore
Our Three Main National Causes. The sector has been developed for all the nationalities
to unitedly march to the golden age without fail. The table indicates the sector’s improve-
ment:
Development in the information and public relations sector of Kayah State

-e-Library library - 1 1
Kayin State marching to new

A mini Union where nationalities including Kayin, Pa-O, Mon, Bamar, Rakhine
and Shan are living in unity and amity, Kayin State lies in the south-eastern sector of
Myanmar. With its population of 1,653,000, the population density 11,730-square-mile
is 145 per square mile in Kayin State covering 11,730 sq miles.
Kayin State is a land of plains, mountains and forests. In the east are the mountain
ranges running from north to south, and plains are located in the west of the mountain
ranges. Major rivers flowing in the state are the Thanlwin, the Thaungyin, the Attaran
and the Gyaing.
At the ceremony to launch the Thanlwin Bridge (Hpa-an) held on 3 August 1997,
Head of State Senior General Than Shwe said, “It is not for the economic profits that
a large amount of funds has been used to build the Thanlwin Bridge (Hpa-an), but
for the development of Kayin State, and for the locals, suffering from various kinds
of troubles caused by insurgency, to enjoy a better life.”
It is the sincere goodwill of the Tatmadaw Government to built development infra-
structures in all regions with ardent efforts as soon as it achieves peace and stability. The
Government is gaining ground in overcoming the backwardness the nation faced in the
past, despite the riches in natural resources, with the power of the heightening develop-
ment drive. The past backwardness was due to weakness in unity.
Thanks to the Government’s endeavours, Kayin State has been achieving harmo-
nious progress as a place where love and unity of the national races is prevailing. I will
now present the situation of the state in 1988 and at present.
Agriculture
The fertile soil, the assistance provided by the Government, and the efforts of the
local people have enabled Kayin State to see a sustainable development in agriculture.
Thanks to five river pumping stations and small scale dams, the state can grow 60,000
more acres of crops and put 80,000 acres of land under multiple cropping.
Now the state can even grow nearly 100,000 acres of paddy in summer. In the past,
summer paddy was not cultivated in the state. As the state can double its paddy produc-
tion, it can now enjoy surplus food.
The following table shows the sustainable development in cultivating beans and
pulses, edible oil crops, rubber and coffee, in addition to paddy:
Development in the agriculture sector of Kayin State


Land resource
increase in
Water supply task
- Task completed* 22 23 1
thousand 16019 26903 10884
- sugarcane acreage acre 2923 7459 4536
- maize acreage acre 44 22541 22497
Rubber acreage acre 9510 41911 32401
Tea acreage acre 352 2962 2610
Coffee acre 2504 6923 4419
Edible oil crops
- Groundnut acre 8867 20759 11892
*Dam Completed
1. Seinbanmyaing dam, Hlaingbwe Township, Myainggyingu, benefited acres-100, water
supply

The Government is developing the livestock and fisheries sector together with
agriculture. The state has doubled its livestock from 1,413,000 heads of animals in 1988
to 2,664,000 at present.
Fish-plus-paddy farming has been conducted on 240 acres of land in the state. A
total 120,000 fish fries were put into the paddy fields. The state has 326.09 acres of fish
farms, up from 95.95 acres in 1988 or almost tripled. It has now 80 acres of prawn
breeding ponds.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Kayin State

- Buffalo 51000 72000 21000
- Cattle 255000 295000 40000
- Sheep/goat 29000 49000 20000
- Pig 96000 204000 108000
- Chicken 858000 2281000 1423000
- Duck 104000 212000 108000
- Paddy plus fish acre - 240 240
- number 1X100000 - 1.20 1.20
Prawn breeding acre - 80.00 80.00
Forest Conservation
Kayin State is protecting and conserving its forests. It has extended the areas of
reserved forests, sanctuaries and protected public forests. As a public movement, the state
has grown over 600,000 saplings. It has also set up village forest plantations for fuel and
economic purposes in rural areas. It has also conserved the watershed areas to maintain
the waterway systems of natural watercourses. Please see the table showing the forestry
sector to know the state’s forest conservation endeavours:
Development in the forestry sector of Kayin State

Reserved Forest sq/mile 1633 1633 -

Natural land area sq/mile 115.48 115.48 -
-Commercial plantation acre 400 5812 5412
-Watershed plantation acre - 1285 1285
(in Million) 0.01 0.81 0.80
Road and Transport

With the conviction — the development in roads and bridges will add strength to the
nation — the Government has been developing the road and transport sector of the state
with greater momentum. In the past, there were no bridges across Thanlwin River. The
Government commissioned into service the 2,252-foot Thanlwin Bridge (Hpa-an) on 3
August 1997. It also built the 2,900-foot Gyaing River Bridge (Zathabyin) in Hpa-an
Township and 1,200-foot Gyaing River Bridge (Kawkareik) in Kawkareik Township.
In addition to the bridges, it has also built Mudon-Myawady road, Thaton-Myaingale-
Bakap-Hpa-an road, Thaton-Myaingale-Kawkareik road, Zathabyin-Eindu-Hpa-an road,
Hpa-an-Kawkareik-Myawady road, and Thandaungyi-Thandaung road. The state now
has 216 miles of road including 138 miles of tarred roads.
The rail-cum-road Donthami Bridge linking Kayin and Mon States was inaugurated
in 2002. The bridge is 600 feet long.The Myawady-Kawkareik-Hlaingkwet-Winka-
Gyaing (Kawkareik) Bridge.
Metharaw-Mudon road section and Myawady-Kawkareik-Hpa-an-Thaton road section

are inclusive in the Asian highways, ASEAN highways and other transnational highways
plus Mekong Basin Region highway that will pass through the nation for its development.
The table shows the development of the state’s road and transport sector:
Development in the transportation sector of Kayin State

Railways
- miles of railroad mile 16.00 16.00 -
- miles of railtrack mile 16.75 16.75 -
- passenger 1X1000 - - -
- passenger/mile mile - - -
- Goods Ton (1x1000) - 92.27 92.27
- Goods/mile mile - 14584.6 14584.6

- Station station 6 6 -
Airways
- Airfield field 7 7 -
- tarred road mile 201/0 340/0 139/2
- hard road mile 178/0 117/7 (-)60/1
- earth road mile 130/0 205/4 75/4
Bridge
- Public Works
*Three above 180 feet bridges built under special project

1. Thanlwin Bridge (Hpa-an) Thanlwin River 2252 feet steel frame
2. Gyaing (Zathabyin) Bridge Gyaing River 2900 feet steel frame suspension
3. Gyaing (Kawkareik) Bridge Gyaing River 1200 feet Bailey type suspension
Communications
The table of communication sector indicates the development of the sector in Kayin
State:
Development in the communication sector of Kayin State

Facsimile 1 22 21
Telephone
-auto radio telephone phone - 229 229
Microwave station station 1 7 6
Rural telephone phone
Satellite station
-DOMSAT station - 1 1
-VSAT station - 4 4
Electricity
The Government has been applying innovative means to fully tap the country’s rich
water resources for serving the interest of Myanmar and her national races till posterity.
Kayin State had only one hydel power station in Papun before 1988. It was a 0.164-
megawatt facility. The power consumption of the state then was only about 10 million
units. The Tatmadaw Government built 10 diesel power stations and linked the electricity
generated by them to the national grid. Thus, Kayin state’s power consumption has
increased to nearly 180 million units. But it is only one step of development drive. The
Government is implementing two major hydel power plant projects in the state to signifi-
Thanlwin Bridge (Hpa-an)
Government Technological College (Hpa-an)

cantly increase its power consumption. One is the 25-megawatt Dayaing Creek (Paingkyon)
Hydel Power Project and the other is the Hatgyi Hydel Power Project that will generate
400 megawatts in the first stage, and 200 megawatts in the second stage. Now, I will
present the state’s electricity sector with the table.
Development in the electric power sector of Kayin State


- Hydel power plant completed* plant 1 1 -
-Project under implementation** project - 2 2
- Heavy (up to 10 megawatt) - 2 2
Installed power megawatt - 625.000 625.000
Other power plants
-Natural gas-powered plant plant - - -
Installed power in the future megawatt 1.999 627.658 625.659
*Hydel Power Plant Completed

1. Hpapun 0.164 megawatt (small) 1988
** Hydel power project under implementation
1. Dayaingchaung (Paingkyon) 25 megawatt (Heavy)
2. Hatkyi first phase 400 megawatt (Heavy)
second phase 200 megawatt (Heavy)
Industries
The state now has 489 private industries, up from 409 in 1988. The number of cottage
industries in the state is 110. Three new State-owned industries have been commissioned
into services in the state to generate more job opportunities. The state already had six
State-owned industries in the past.
Development in the industrial sector of Kayin State

-Private industry plant 409 489 80
No-3 Cement Plant (Hpa-an)


Kayin State could not produce any mineral on commercial scale in the past. But in
2004-2005, it produced 3,000 metric tons of zinc, 44 metric tons of antimony, 6,142.65
metric tons of industrial- limestone for use in industries, 103,933.33 metric tons of iron
ore and 39,845 metric tons of asbestos.
Education
The education policy of the Government covers developing the education sector of all
states and divisions and producing human resources. Kayin State is also producing bril-
liant human resources that will serve its interest in the future.
At present, there are 146 high, middle and primary schools in Kayin State, and over
5,000 teachers. The number of students is over 200,000. In 1988, there was only one
college in Kayin State. Now the state is one arts and science university and one education
college. In the past only a few hundred students pursued higher education. Now the
number has increased fifty-folds.
Kayin State is now enjoying significant increase in the school enrolment rate and adult
literacy rate while reducing the school droput rate. The table shows the readers the
development of the state’s education sector.
The main building of Hpa-an University

Development in the education sector of Kayin State

- Primary school school 1064 1041 23
- Preprimary school
Teachers education
- Education college college 1 1 upgrading
- Number of teacher teacher - 34 34
- Number of trainees trainees - 1408 1408
School dropout rate
- College 1 1 -
Human Resource Development Centre centre - 1 1

The State is making arrangements to increase the number of intellectuals as well as
intelligentsia in Kayin State. Hpa-an, the capital of the state, now has a government
computer college and a government technological college in addition to the arts and
science university. The two colleges have already produced over 1000 technicians to this
date. A total of 129 teachers are giving lectures to 1105 students at the two colleges.
Development in the science and technology sector of Kayin State
Technological College college - 1 1
- Government Technological College
(Hpa-an) college - 1 1
- Number of teachers teacher - 100 100
- Number of student (graduate) student - 484 484
- Government Computer College
(Hpa-an) college - 1 1
- Number of students (graduate) student - 577 577
- Number of students (current) student - 642 642
Hpa-an University
Health
The Government’s health care services also cover Kayin State. More hospitals have
been opened and the existing ones upgraded. Under the 24-development zone project,
Hpa-an has got a 200-bed hospital. Nine more hospitals and eight more health care
centres have been opened in the state since 1988.
The Government has been appointing more health staff including specialists to the
state. In addition to the existing midwifery school, a new nursing school has been
opened in the state. One traditional medicine hospital and nine dispensaries are taking
care of the health of locals in the state. The table reflects the Government’s goodwill
towards Kayin State concerning the health sector:
Development in the health sector of Kayin State

- 25-bed hospital 5 4 upgrading
Specialists Hospital in Hpa-an

With the belief — Towns will develop only with the rural development — the
Government has extended its development drive to cover all towns and villages in the
state. The state now has 50 miles of urban tarred roads and 237 urban bridges.
Six towns now have clean water supply, and one more town will receive it under
the project. A total of 391 waterworks have been erected in 248 villages for provid-
ing potable water to them. The state has seen the emergence of 1,084 miles (66 miles
have been tarred) of new rural roads.
Development in the development affairs sector of Kayin State

Urban development
- Granite road mile 2/7 - upgrading
-Earth road mile 23/0 29/1 upgrading
-Conduit conduit - 7 7
Development in the development affairs sector of Kayin State


Rural Development
-Rural roads mile 329/5 1413/6 1084/1
-Granite road mile 12/5 58/5 46/0
-Earth road mile 316/0 1179/6 863/6
Kayin State is covered by the Tatmadaw Government’s border areas and national races
development drive. The entire nation is seeing with pleasure the regional development in
the state due to the harmonious efforts of the Government and the national race groups
that have returned to the legal fold.
In addition to opening opportunities for local youths to pursue arts and science subjects
and computer science and technology of the higher learning, the Government has also
opened a vocational training centre and a youth development training school in Hpa-an.
The Government is gaining success in warding off the evil legacies of the past. It
is reinforcing new strength for development of border areas and national races. The table
shows the Government’s endeavours.

Kayin State
Agriculture
-Dam dam - 1 1
-canal canal - 1 1
- Water supply tasks task - 1 1
Livestock breeding
Energy
Public relations
Communications
-Telephone - 2 2
Expendenture kyat (in million) - 5626.13 5626.13
Development region region - 1 1
Kayin region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Earth road mile - 159 159
-Bridge(large, small) bridge - 5/77 5/77
Health care service
Education

The information sector is distributing the news about the Government’s endeav-
ours to consolidate national solidarity, and to narrow the development gap between
one region and another with the conviction — all the national people will join
hands in the national development and modernization drive with goodwill and unity.
The table shows the state’s drive towards reaching the golden land.
Development in the information and public relations sector of

Kayin State
-Departmental library library - 1 1
A Mobile Library in Hpa-an
A Mobile Library in Hlaingbwe

Chin State marching to new

Located in the western sector of the Union of Myanmar, the 13,907-square-mile Chin
State is home to Chin, Mro, Khami and Bamar national races. A union within the Union,
the state has a population of about 514,000, and its population density is 37 persons per
square mile.
It is a mountainous region, with very few plains. Many natural watercourses are
flowing among mountain ranges running from north to south forming a number valleys
and gorges. Mount Victoria or Mount Khawnusoum, 10,200 feet high, is the highest peak
in Chin State. The state has a lot of rivers, and the Manipura River flows through its
northern territory.
During his tour of the country to make arrangements for regional development in the
first week of March 1994, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance,
saying, “There may be difficulties and hardships in carrying out development undertak-
ings. But our current sacrifices will bring benefits to us to a certain degree, and will
contribute to improving the living standard of the people till posterity. Thus, we all need
to work with conviction and goodwill.”
As some regions of the nation were in backwardness, the Tatmadaw had to double or
triple its efforts to develop and modernize the whole Union and to narrow the develop-
ment gap among the people, with the participation of the national races.
Thanks to the goodwill endeavours of the Government, Chin State is enjoying progress
in all sectors. Now, I will compare the situation of the state in the past and at the present.
Agriculture
The Government is making utmost efforts for the local people to utilize the land and
water resources of the mountainous region, with very few plains, to the most effective
degree.
It built Laingva Dam in Falam Township and opened it on 6 April 1994 to irrigate 500
acres of crops. In many cases, man has the ability to accomplish, what was assumed
impossible. The Government had to overcome many difficulties in building the Laingva
Dam on the uneven terrain. The dam is now contributing towards progress of the state’s
agriculture.
Tea plantations in Chin State

80 Chronicle of
Chronicle of National
National Development
Development Comparison
Comparison between
between
The Government has targeted to set up over 1.1 million acres of highland farms in the
mountainous regions where crop cultivation was difficult. The state itself had reclaimed
1,276 acres of highland farms.
The Tatmadaw is also rendering assistance to cultivate crops that grow well in the
state, and implementing the project to turn Chin State into a major tea growing region.
The state can now increase tea sown acreage to 35 times from merely 158 acres in 1988
to 10010 acres at present.
The Manipura Multipurpose Dam Project in Falam Township will irrigate large stretches
of land and generate electricity. Annually, seven million acre-feet of water is flowing into
the Manipura Dam.
The table shows the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in Chin State.
Development in the agriculture sector of Chin State
Land resource
Water supply task
- dam, lake, reservoir, drain - - 2 2
- Task to be carried out* - 1 1
Total benefited acres - 674 674
Extended paddy cultivation 2696 13718 11022
thousand 2805 4297 1492
- cotton acreage acre - 1474 1474

- Tea acreage acre 158 10010 9852
- Coffee acre - 1165 1165
Edible oil crops
- Groundnut acre 751 3353 2602
- Sesame acre - 7161 3626
- Mustard acre 465 1909 1444
- Niger acre 457 4219 3762
* Dam to be Built
1. Manipura Dam, Falam Township, Benefited acres (100000)

The Government has been helping Chin State to catch up with other regions in fish
and meat sector. The state raises nearly 35 million heads of livestock at present, up from
only about one million in 1988. In the past, there were 16.17 acres of fish ponds, but now,
there are 86.37 acres of fish ponds. As the Government has given encouragement to raise
native animals, Chin State can now raise 39,000 heads of mythun, and the mythun
farming has become one of the main economic undertakings helping development the
socio-econmy of the region.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Chin State

- Buffalo 20000 39000 19000
- Cattle 84000 1210000 37000
- Sheep/goat 38000 59000 21000
- Pig 139000 203000 64000
- Chicken 721000 1838000 1117000
- Duck 8000 22000 14000
- Turkey, goose, muscovy duck - 7000 7000
- Mythun - 39000 39000
Fish and prawn breeding
82 Chronicle of
Comparison between
between
Forests Conservation
Thanks to the cooperation of the Government and the local people, forest conservation
and plantation in the state is gaining more progress than that in the past. Many new
protected public forests have been set up and tree plantation in the state shows encour-
aging signs of improvement.
The past mass movement managed to grow only about 50,000 saplings. At present
more people are taking part in the task. The state has planted 6030,000 saplings. I would
like to prove the state’s progress in the forestry sector with the table.
Development in the forestry sector of Chin State

Natural land area plantation acre 1000 25670 24670
-Industrial plantation acre 200 150 (-) 50
(in Million) 0.05 6.03 5.98
Green forests of Chin State

Road and Transport Sector

The Government has been building many new miles of roads in the mountainous
region. Earth roads have been upgraded into gravel ones, and the gravel roads to tarred
facilities. The 115-mile Kalay-Falam-Haka road has already completed at present. Tarred
roads including 70-mile-and-four-furlong Gangaw-Haka road, 102-mile Mindat-Matupi road,
172-mile-and-seven-furlong Haka-Matupi road, 115-mile-and-one-furlong Kalay-Falam-Haka
road and Kyaukhtu-Mindat road, linking Chin State and Magway Division, have been built.
The sector-wise upgrading of the gateways to Chin State — Mandalay-Sagaing-Monywa-
Gangaw-Haka road and Pakokku-Pauk-Tabyin-Kyaukhtu-Mindat road — is in progress at
present.
The Kyaukhtu Airport, built by Directorate of Military Engineers of the Ministry of
Defence in Kyaukhtu, Saw Township, Gangaw District, Magway Division, was commis-
sioned into service on 10 July 2004. The airport has helped develop the transport sector of
southern Chin State linking Yaw and Pakokku regions in Magway Division. Cars can reach
Kanpetlet, Mindat and Matupi in southern Chin State from Kyaukhtu via Saw. In 1988, the
state had two over-180 feet bridges — the 270-foot Natzan Bridge in Tonzang Township and
the 240-foot Lemyo Bridge in Matupi Township. The Tatmadaw Government has built the
340-foot Var Bridge across Manipura River on Kalay-Haka road in Falam Township in 1998,
and 480-foot Kattel Bridge across River Manipura on Tiddim-Kattel-Reh Lake road in Tiddim
Township in 2002. The 460-foot Manhsaung Bridge is being built across Manipura River on
Tiddim-Reh Lake section. Significant developments in the state’s road and transport sector
can be seen in the the table.
Development in the transportation sector of Chin State
Airways
- tarred road mile 40/0 193/6 153/6
- gravelled road mile 5/0 278/4 273/4
- earth road mile 620/0 567/4 upgrading
Bridge
- Public Works
- bridge under construction* bridge - 1 1
* Bridge under construction

1. Mehsaung bridge (Manipura river) Tiddim-Reed lake road, 460 feet Bailey type suspension bridge.
84 Chronicle of
Comparison between
between
Tiddim Bridge
Communications
The table indicates the development in the communication sector of the state including the
rise in the number of telephones.
Development in the communication sector of Chin State
Facsimile 1 37 36
Telephone
Microwave station station - 10 10
Rural telephone
e-Mail/Internet - 4 4
Satellite station
-VSAT station - - -
Electricity
The effective utilization of land and water resources in the state has helped develop the
power generation capacity of the state.
In 1988, the state has four small scale hydel power stations — the Zarlwi in Tiddim
Township, the Daungvar in Haka Township, the Ngasitvar in Falam Township, and the
Paletwa in Paletwa Township. The Tatmadaw Government has built another four diesel
power stations and six new hydel power plants, helping increase the power consumption of
the state.
The four new hydel power plants are: the 0.2-megawatt Namhlaung Creek plant in Matupi
Township, the 0.6-megawatt Laingva plant in Falam Township, the 0.2-megawatt Htweehsaung
plant in Tonzang Township, and the 0.2-megawatt Chichaung plant in Mindat Township.
The Manipura Multipurpose Dam Project will be implemented in Chin State. The Table
informs the reader about the development of the state’s electricity sector.
Development in the electric power sector of Chin State

Extened generating of electricity
- Hydel power plant completed* plant 4 10 6
-Heavy ( above 10 megawatt) plant - - -
- Medium (1 to 10 megawatt) plant - - -
- Small ( up to 1 megawatt) plant 4 10 6
-Installed power megawatt 0.859 4.210 3.351
*Completed Hydel Power Plant

1. Zalwi 0.400 megawatt (small) 1988
2. Donghpa 0.400 megawatt (small) 1988
3. Ngasithpa 1.000 megawatt (small) 1988
4. Paletwa 0.050 megawatt (small) 1988
5. Nanlaungchaung 0.200 megawatt (small)
6. Laiva 0.600 megawatt (small)
7. Htwihsaung 0.200 megawatt (small)
8. Chichaung 0.200 megawatt (small)
86 Chronicle of
Comparison between
between
Industrial Sector
Due to the facilitation of the transport and communication sectors and increase in the
power generation in the state, many new private industries have emerged in the region. The
state now has 496 private industries, 153 more than 343 in 1988. The number of State-
owned industries has now reached eight from five in the past. The Government has been
striving to develop the industrial sector of the state which will become a major tea-growing
region in the future.
Development in the industrial sector of Chin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 progress

-Industrial zones - - -
-Industry - - -
Private industry industry 343 496 153
State-owned industry industry 5 8 3
Education
The education sector of the state, with a population of only over 500,000, is witnessing
significant progress due to the Government’s assistance and encouragement. One-fifth of the
population or over 100,000 are students attending classes at basic education schools.
The Government has opened 91 new schools to open more opportunities for the youths
to pursue basic education. An arts and science university has been opened in the state for
students to be able to pursue higher education studies in their own region. Thus, the school
dropout rate goes down in the state.
The table shows the development of the state’s education sector covered by the 30-year
education promotion plan of the nation.
Development in the education sector of Chin State


- Preprimary school
School dropout rate
- University, college, degree college - 1 1
Teaching programmes - 40 40
Number of teacher teacher - 160 160
Number of student student - 9705 9705
Kale University in Kale, gateway to Chin State
Haka Hospital in Chin State


The nation is providing assistance to Chin State to catch up with other regions in producing
scientists and intelligentsia. A government technological college and a government computer
college in Kalay has already produced nearly 800 intellectuals and intelligentsia. The two
colleges have 853 students.
Development in the science and technology sector of Chin State

- Government Technological College (Kalay) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Kalay) college - 1 1
Health
The health sector of the state is developing in harmony with the population growth. A 150-
bed hospital has been installed with advanced equipment. Moreover, a 25-bed hospital has
been upgraded to a 50-bed facility, and a 50-bed hospital to a 100-bed one. Six new station
hospitals have been built in the state. The number of specialist physician and doctors working
in the state has increased two folds. Over 200 more nurses have been assigned to the state.
Seven traditional medicine dispensaries are treating patients. A nursing school has been
opened to increase the number of nurses working in the state. The Government has been
improving the life expectancy of the state to catch up with other regions. The table offers the
readers to study the health development of the state.
Development in the health sector of Chin State


- 150-bed hospital 1 - -
-16-bed hospital 3 3 -
Training School school - 1 1

Drop in mortality rate
- Rural in 1000 9.9 8.9 (-)1.0
- Urban in 1000 7.1 6.2 (-)0.9
Life expectency
Rural
-Male year 56.2 60.8 4.6
-Female year 60.4 63.3 2.9
Urban
-Male year 59.0 61.5 2.5
-Female year 63.2 65.6 2.4

In the past, Chin State had only over five miles of urban roads. Now the state has 47 miles
of urban roads including 11 miles of tarred roads. In addition, seven bridges have been put
into service in rural area and 19 in urban area.
The state had 175 miles of village-to-village roads in the past. Now the length of rural
roads in the state has reached 423 miles. Nine towns now have clean water supply.
Work is under way to supply potable water to 467 villages.
Development in the development affairs sector of Chin State

Comparison between period preceeding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2005)

Urban development
- Granite road mile - - -
-Wood bridge - 4 4
Township where tasks to be carried out town 9 - 9
Rural Development
-Earth road mile 175/0 414/4 239/4
-Village where tasks to be carried out village 616 148 467
-Completed work work - 153 153

The Government is developing the central regions of the state, and has covered the god-
forsaken regions with border areas and national races development project. Six vocational
schools have been opened in Kanpetlet, Mindat, Matupi, Tiddim, Haka and Falam and eight
youth development training schools in Matupi, Kanpetlet, Falam, Thantlang, Tonzang,
Haka, Tiddim and Mindat for the local people to earn their living. The table shows the success
of the project in the state.

Chin State

Development regions region - 1 1
- Chin region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Bridge (suspension) bridge - 5 5
Health care service
Education
Water supply tasks task - 8 8
Livestock breeding
Public relations
Communications
-Telephone - - 3 3

The information sector is distributing news about the Government endeavours with the aim
of harmoniously developing all the regions of the Union and narrowing development gap
between one region and another.
The sector is helping the national brethren to march to the golden land in unity and amity.
The Table shows the progress of the information sector.
The table shows the present development of the science and technology sector of Chin
State being undertaken by the State.
Development in the information and public relations sector of Chin State

Students seen at anti-narcotic drugs campaign in Falam Township

Mon State marching to new golden

land of unity and amity
Residing in harmony with Mons and Bamars in the Mon State are the Kachin, Kayin,
Chin, Pa-O, Rakhine and Shan national races. A union within the Union, the 4,749-
square-mile Mon State has a population of about 2,822,000 and its population density is
596 persons per square mile.
Alongside the mountain ranges reaching up to 1,500 feet in elevation, are the vast
plains on which Thanlwin, Sittoung, Bilin, Attaran, Gyaing and Ye rivers flow.
There are also coastal plains on the banks of Thanlwin River and Sittoung River
mouths. The mountain ranges including Zingyaik and Taungnyo ranges are running from
north to south in the state.
In his message to the 75th Anniversary National Day in 1995, Chairman of the State
Peace and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Senior Gen-
eral Than Shwe stated, “The time is ripe for all to march hand in hand, with steadfast and
strong resolve, to reach a well-rounded modern nation soonest, while utilizing the rich
natural resources and economic resources effectively in the country's interest, based on
the prevailing internal peace and stability.”
All the citizens who love the Union and who wish to see the motherland catching up
with world nations will have to work in unity, with Union Spirit as the foundation.
Thanks to the ardent participation of the people, the Government is gaining more
ground in launching its development drive covering all the states and divisions on self-
reliant efforts, without taking any foreign assistance. Now, I will present the develop-
ments of Mon State.
Agriculture
The Government is reclaiming more land and cultivating more crops in Mon State,
where agriculture is the base of its economy.
Ardent implementation of irrigation projects to introduce year-round cultivation sys-
tem has added nearly 450,000 more acres in the state, which in the past had only about
150,000 irrigated acres. The outcome of the project is the emergence of nearly 200,000
acres of double-cropping farms.
In 1988, there were only Kazaing Dam, benefiting 300 acres in Bilin Township, and
Phanon Sluice Gate irrigating 290 acres in Kyaikmaraw Township. The Tatmadaw Gov-
ernment has built Azin and Winphanon dams in Mudon Township, Wapa Dam and
Zaikkaye and Kyonhtaw sluice gates in Thaton Township, Shwenattaung Dam in
Mawlamyine Township, and Bilin Dam in Bilin Township, and the facilities are irrigating
over 60,000 acres of land.
Paddy production in Mon State has exceeded the local demand thanks to the cultiva-
tion of over 100,000 acres of summer paddy in addition to monsoon paddy.
Kadaik Dam, with 10,000-acre irrigation capacity, in Paung Town-ship and Katon
Sluice Gate, which will irrigate 20,000 acres of crops, are under construction at present
in the state, and the Hsandawtaung Dam is in the planning stage.
Eleven units of waterworks are pumping water from Attaran, Bilin, and Gyaing rivers
for irrigating nearly 600,000 acres of crops in Mon State, which had not a single river
water pumping project in 1988. Two more river pumping stations are under construction.
Apart from paddy, beans and pulses sown acreage is increasing in the state, and all-round
assistance of the Government has tripled rubber sown acreage to 268243 acres. Likewise,
pepper cultivation has increased over 100 times.
The table offers readers to study the agricultural development of Mon State during the
time of the Tatmadaw Government.
Development in the agriculture sector of Mon State

Land resource
Water supply task
- Task completed 76 83 7
- Task under implementation* - 2 2
- Task to be carried out** - 1 1
- Benefited acres acre 149760 243560 93800
River water pumping station station - 13 13
-Task completed station - 11 11
-Task under implementation station - 2 2
Development in the agriculture sector of Mon State

-Benefited acres acre - 29900 29900

- benefited acres acre - 31725 31725
thousand 33146 51830 18684
Sugarcane acreage acre - 8618 -
rubber acre 76505 268243 191738
Oilpalm acre 1201 1673 472
Tea acre - 92 92
Progress in acreage of pepper acre 127 20054 19937
Acreage of edible oil crop
-Groundnut acre 14705 22405 7700
-Sesame acre 4805 5472 1387
-Sunflower acre 12339 13323 984
*Dams under construction **Dam to be built

1. Kadaik 10000 acre (Paung) 1. Hsandawtaung (2004-2005)
2. Katun sluicegate 20000 acre (Paung)

Mon State has seen 200 per cent increase in the livestock and fishery sector. It now
raises nearly 4 million heads of livestock, up from 1.6 million in the past. The state now
has 507 acres of fish farms, up from 239 acres in 1988, and is breeding 230,000 fish in
463 acres of paddy fields. Hatchery industry is producing over seven million fish fries.
In the past, its capacity was only about 200,000.
The state is raising prawn in 926.33 acres of farms. In the past prawn breeding in the
state was even hard to imagine.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Mon State
- Buffalo 67000 76000 9000
- Cattle 332000 396000 64000
- Sheep/goat 28000 61000 33000
- Pig 76000 194000 118000
- Chicken 848000 3377000 2529000
- Duck 231000 726000 495000
- number 1X100000 - 3.51 3.51
-Prawn breeding acre - 926.33 926.33
-Distribution of fingerlings
- Production 1X100000 2.01 100.94 98.93
- Fish release 1X100000 0.50 96.69 96.69
- Sale 1X100000 1.50 4.25 2.25
Forest Conservation
The area of reserved forests, protected public forests and wildlife parks is increasing.
Kyaikhtiyoe wildlife sanctuary has emerged in Kyaikto Township and Kelatha wildlife
sanctuary, in Bilin Township. The state has seen 700 per cent increase in forest planta-
tions, and in the meantime it has grown over four million saplings during the time of the
Tatmadaw Government thanks to the public participation. The mass movement in the
past could grow only about 100,000 saplings in 1988.
The table indicates the development of forest conservation and plantation in the state.
Development in the forestry sector of Mon State


Reserved Forest sq/mile 732 779.89 47.89
Natural land area sq/mile 9.24 69.56 60.32
-Industrial plantation acre 4000 15500 11500
(in Million) 0.10 4.33 4.23
Plantation established in Mon State for industrial raw material

Rubber plantation in Mawlamyine, Mon State

Road and Transport
Mon State is upgrading the existing roads including the Myainggale-Zathabyin-
Mawlamyine road and increasing the number of bridges for ensuring smooth and secure
transport to a greater degree. In the past, the state had only three over 180-foot bridges
— the 200-foot Khawa Creek Bridge, the 470-foot Ye Creek Bridge, and the 648-foot
Bilin Creek Bridge. The Government has built the 180-foot Winphanon Bridge, the 180-
foot Deepadaw Bridge, the 190-foot Kwamkyaik Bridge and the 180-foot Thebyu Creek
Bridge.
The Government put into service the 1,420-foot Attaran River Bridge on Mawlamyine-
Zathabyin-Hpa-an road in Mawlamyine Township on 26 March 1998. The facility is
covered by the State’s special projects. It is also building two 180-foot bridges — one
is Ninth-Mile Bridge on Yangon-Myeik road in Ye Township, and the other is Kyotan
Bridge on Yangon-Mawlamyine road — and the 2,393-foot Sittoung River Bridge
(Mokpalin) on Yangon-Mawlamyine road in Bilin Township.
The Tatmadaw is also building new trans-regional railroads and new railroad bridges
in the state. It opened the 600-foot Donthami rail-cum-road Bridge on Thaton-Myainggale
railroad linking Kayin State and Mon State in January 2002.
Ye-Dawei Railroad connecting the state and Taninthayi Division was inaugurated on
26 March 1998 to further enhance friendship among the national races and regional
economy. The 102.38-mile Ye-Dawei Rail road section line includes 111.99 miles of
railroads and 23 railway stations. The 850-foot rail-cum-road Ye Bridge on the railroad
was commissioned into service on 25 November 2003 in Mon State.
In addition, a magnificent bridge and a symbol of the people and the Tatmadaw’s
construction ability and unity will emerge in Mon State soon. It is no other than the
11,575-foot (over two miles long) rail-cum-road Thanlwin Bridge (Mawlamyine), the
longest and most impressive bridge in Myanmar and a milestone in the road transport
sector of Mon State and the Union itself.
Bordering Bago Division, Kayin State and Taninthayi Division, Mon State is a place
where the Asian and ASEAN highways will pass through. Please study the the table to
know the development of road and transport sector in the state.
Development in the transportation sector of Mon State


Railways
- miles of railroad mile 195.51 210.42 14.91
- miles of railtrack mile 252.30 268.61 16.31
- passenger 1X1000 2065.6 2202.4 136.8
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 185.5 218.3 32.8
- Goods/mile mile 19185.7 28556.4 9370.7
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfiled field 1 1 -
Water transport
-Jetty (Inland) jetty 8 9 1
- hard road mile 39/0 23/1
upgrading
- earth road mile 30/0 8/5
upgrading
Bridge
- Public Works
- completed bridges* bridge 3 6 3
- Bridges under construction** bridge - 3 3
*Three major bridges built under special project **Bridges under construction
1. Attaran bridge (Mawlamyine) 1. Koemine bridge (Ye)
2. Sittoung bridge (Bilin) 2. Kyoedan bridge (Ye)
3. Thanlwin bridge (Mawlamyine) 3. Sittoung bridge (Motpalin)
Thanlwin river crossing bridge, Mawlamyine
Communications
The government is ensuring a harmonious development of the communication facili-
ties in the whole nation, and the table shows the communication development of the state.
Development in the communication sector of Mon State

Facsimile 1 37 36
Telephone
-exchange 11 21 10
-direct line 2401 8128 5727
-auto radio telephone - 220 220
Microwave station 9 10 1
Rural telephone
exchange - 8 8
Electricity
The government is effectively harnessing the water resources of the regions for their
all-round progress. Apart from irrigation, dams are being built to generate power, which
has been contributed to the national grid to supply power to all regions fair and square.
Like in all other states and divisions power generation and consumption are increasing
in Mon State, and the table has detailed data about the electricity sector.
Development in the electric power sector of Mon State

- Hydel power plant completed plant 1 1 -
Other power plants
-Recycling plant plant - - -
-Steam plant 2 2 -
-Natural gas-fired plant 1 1 -
-Coal fired plant - - -
-Diesel plant 42 10 (-)32
Completed hydel power plant
1. Zinkyaik 0.198 megawatt (small) 1988
Completed steam power plant
1. Mawlamyine 12.000 megawatt (heavy) 1988
2. Thaton 18.000 megawatt (heavy) 1988
Completed natural gas-fired power plant
1. Thaton 18.450 megawatt (heavy) 1988
Industrial Sector
The Government is increasing the power output of the state as well as its industrial
production. It is introducing industries to the regions which had less industries and laying
sound foundations in the regions with better industrial base. In this way, it is building an
agro-based industrial nation.
Mawlamyine Industrial Zone is included in the 19 industrial zones the nation has set
up. There is more room for the private and cottage industries to develop in the state, and
33 State-owned factories are manufacturing goods. The table will tell you about the
industrial development in Mon State.
Development in the industrial sector of Mon State

-Industrial zone (Mawlamyine) - 3 3
-Industry - 158 158

Harmonious development of the state includes the mining and mineral sector. The four
new gold mines established after 1988 have produced 76.40 troy ounces of gold to this
date. The state has produced 393.10 metric tons of limestone, 55.42 tons of slate, 191.11
metric tons of granite and 133.42 metric tons of asbestos. Plans are under way to mine
a newly found lead and tungsten mixed deposit.
Education
The education indicators are improving according to the rate of population increase in
the state. A total of 189 new schools have been opened in the state and 2893 more
teachers have been appointed. The state’s primary school enrolment rate is nearly cent
per cent. In 1988, the state had only one arts and science university in Mawlamyine. The
Government has opened one arts and science college and one education college in the
state, which sees 400 per cent increase in the number of higher education students.
Table has the data about the education development in Mon State.
Development in the education sector of Mon State
Development in the education sector of Mon State


- Preprimary school
Teachers’ education
-Education college college 1 1 upgrading
-Number of teacher teacher 33 50 17
-Number of trainees trainee 409 1935 1526
School dropout rate
- Arts and Science University 1 1 -
- Collge - - -
- e-learning centre - 2 2
- Wide area network - - -
- Number of WAN sites - 1 1

Mon State is producing scientists and intelligentsia needed in establishing an agro-
based industrial nation. Mawlamyine, covered by the 24-development zone project, now
has a government technological college and a government computer college.
Mon State has produced 4953 technocrats during the time of the Government. The two
colleges have 163 teachers and 1710 students. The Table indicates the progress of science
and technology in the state.
Development in the science and technology sector of Mon State


(Mawlamyine) college - 1 1
- Number of courses course 4 7 3
- Number of teachers teacher 50 142 92
- Number of students (graduate) student 247 4402 4155
- Government Computer College
(Mawlamyine) college - 1 1
Mawlamyine University, Mon State

Health
Thanks to the improvement in public education, the people of Mon State are enjoying
good health. The Government has built seven station hospitals, upgraded two 16-bed
hospitals to 25-bed facilities and constructed a new 50-bed hospital in the state, which
now has 29 hospitals including a 300-bed facility and a 100-bed facility.
It has also built two more rural health centres, two new regional health centres, ap-
pointed 415 more health staff and built one traditional medicine hospital. The number of
traditional medicine dispensaries has reached 12. The state in running a nursing school and
a midwifery school. Please see the table to know the education development of the state.
Development in the health sector of Mon State
-16-bed hospital 8 1 upgrading

- Local Health Center centre 1 3 2


-Traditional medicine hospital hospital - 1 1
Training School school 2 2 -
- Nurses Training School school 1 1 -
-Midwifery school school 1 1 -

The prospering urban and rural areas in Mon State are enjoying greater progress than
in 1988. Networks of urban and rural roads have emerged in the state.
As 167 miles of new urban roads have been built their total number at present has
reached 406 miles and three furlongs, including 161 miles and seven furlongs of tarred
roads. The number of urban bridges is 860. Of the ten towns projected to instal water
supply system, seven now have plumbing.
Mon State has 668 miles and four furlongs of rural roads including 89 miles and six
furlongs of tarred roads at present, up from 97 miles and two farlongs in 1988. The
number of its rural bridges has reached 571. The village clean water supply project has
covered 784 villages, and up to now, 574 units of waterworks have completed in 373
villages.
Development in the development affairs sector of Mon State

Urban development
- Granite road mile - 35/5 35/5
-Earth road mile 72/5 185/4 112/7
-Other - 69 69
Rural Development
- Tarred road mile 46/6 89/6 43/0
- Granite road mile - 193/7 193/7
-Earth road mile 22/0 293/0 293/0
-Other bridge - 29 29

The developments in Mon State include the significant progress of a new sector
opened by the Government to further cement national unity and foster Union Spirit.
The border areas and national races development project involves the task of promot-
ing the socio-economy of the national race families which have returned to the legal fold.
A domestic science school is training youths of border areas to earn their living.
The table shows the Government’s goodwill to ensure peace and progress of all the
people of Mon State including those who have returned to the legal fold.
Development in the border areas and national races affairs sector of Mon State
- Mon region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
Health care service
Education
Agriculture
-Canal canal - 1 1
Energy
-Towns/village - 1 1
Public relations
Communications
-Telephone - 2 2
Expendenture kyat (in million) - 2915.95 2915.95

The information sector is playing a key role in helping improve the knowledge of the
people and vitalize their patriotism and Union Spirit. I would like to present the table for
the readers to know the government’s goodwill endeavours and the sound results of
development of the whole Union is achieving at present in the march towards a golden
land of unity and amity.
Development in the information and public relations sector of Mon State
-IPRD offic e office - 11 11
Rakhine State marching to

new golden land of unity and amity
Facing the Bay of Bengal in the west, Rakhine State lies in the westernmost sector
of the Union of Myanmar. On its 14,200 square miles of territory live Rakhines and
Bamars alongside Chin, Mro, Thet, Khami, Dainet, Maramagyi and Kaman races. A
union within the Union, the state has a population of 3,045,000, and on average, every
square mile is inhabited by 215 persons.
A long coastal stretch of land touching the Rakhine Yoma in the east, the state is
crisscrossed with a large number of natural watercourses including Naff, Mayyu and
Kissapanadi rivers and Maei, Tanlwe, Taungup, Thandwe, Kyeintali and Gwa creeks
flowing from north to south. With an average elevation of 3,000 feet the Rakhine Yoma
is a mountain range whose northern peaks are higher than those of the south. Sittway
plain is the largest flat land in the region, and the sea is doted with large Phayonga,
Yanbye and Manaung islands and a number of islets.
At the Special Projects Implementation Committee Meeting, held in November 1995,
Head of State Senior General Than Shwe said, “Rakhine State is a region where transport
is difficult, and the main means of transport is waterways. Although not a border area,
Sittway region is accessible by only a very few roads. Time passed by, but the region’s
roads remained in poor condition, and could not be improved for certain reasons. The
Government is launching the drive to develop every region of the Union, and narrow the
gap between one place and another. It will build a road to improve transport between
Yangon and Sittway, the capital of Rakhine State. The work will be difficult because of
the mountainous terrain covered with thick evergreen forests and marked by a large
number of rivers and creeks.”
With fraternal spirit, the Tatmadaw Government is striving utmost to harmoniously
raise the living standards of all the national races living in weal or woe in the Union.
Whether it is a state or a division, the Government has the same goodwill towards it,
fulfilling all necessary infrastructures and facilities, without making any discrimination
against any region, for harmonious development of the entire Union. Now I will present
the developments Rakhine State is witnessing as in all the sister regions.
Agriculture
Paddy can be cultivated only on one-fourth of the state’s land area, but the Govern-
ment is trying to develop its agricultural sector, making arrangements to grow crops on
all cultivable land, increase per acre yield, and boost agricultural production. In 1992, it
introduced summer paddy cultivation to the region, which cultivated only monsoon paddy
before that time.
The Government has built Gyogyakwin Dam in Taungup Township, and Kanthaya
and Rahaikwin dams in Gwa Township for irrigation, and Hinywet Dam in An Township
to supply potable water. Pyaingchaung Dam, with the capacity to irrigate 4,000 acres of
land, in Kyauktaw Township is under construction, and Zeechaung Dam is in planning
stage.
Large and small dams and waterworks have extended the area of mixed-cropping in
the state more than ten times. Food sufficiency of the state has reached 143 per cent. The
state can put more land under beans and pulses and edible oil crops, and is extending
pepper and rubber plantations, with the assistance of the Government, to grow them on
commercial scale.
As the Government has been providing necessary infrastructures and assistance, Rakhine
State, with favourable soil and weather for cultivation, is witnessing the emergence of
more sound foundations in the agricultural sectors than in 1988. The table will prove it.
Development in the agriculture sector of Rakhine State
Land resource
- Sown acreage acre - 1576903 681503
Water supply task
River water pumping station - 3 3
-Task completed - 1 1
-Task to be carried out - 2 2
-Benefited acres - 600 600
- benefited acres - 4925 4925

thousand 44165 75184 31019
- Groundnut acre 12648 59258 46610
- Sesame acre 2098 3866 1768
- Mustard acre 12815 94500 81685
- Niger acre - 255 255
* Dam Projects under implementation
1. Pyaing choung Dam, Kyauktow Township, Miindan Village, Benefited acres(4000)
* Dam to be Built
1. Zeechaung Dam (2004-2005)
Hinywet Dam was opened on 29-10-2002 to supply water to people living in An

Township , Rakhine State. The dam is also aimed at supplying water to farmland.

Livestock breeding has been extended for Rakhine State to produce an adequate amount
of food for local consumption. The state is raising nearly Five million heads of livestock,
up from two million in 1988.
A significant development of the state at present is fresh water and prawn farming.
The industry is showing encouraging signs for local distribution as well as for export.
The industry did not exist in the state in the past, but now it is running 155,533 acres of
prawn farms.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Rakhine State

- Buffalo 219000 280000 61000
- Cattle 59300 712000 625700
- Sheep/goat 9000 141000 132000
- Pig 70000 147000 96000
- Chicken 1506000 3608000 2102000
- Duck 11200 20800 9600
- Turkey, goose, muscovy duck - 44000 44000
- Fish breeding pond acre 19 - (-)19
- Prawn breeding acre - 155533.00 155533.0
Forest Conservation
The forest conservation project of the state is developing alongside other sectors. The
state has been setting up more reserve forests, public protected forests and natural parks.
It now has over 550,000 acres of forest plantations, up from just 1,000 acres in the past
because of the ardent participation of the local people. The mass movement in 1988
managed to grow only 100,000 saplings, but now the local people have planted over
eight million saplings. The table has something more to tell readers about the develop-
ment in forest conservation and plantation of the state.
Development in the forestry sector of Rakhine State

Natural land area sq/mile - 677.88 677.88
-Village firewood acre 50 7210 7160
-Industrial plantation acre - 750 750
(in Million) 0.10 8.10 8.00

The colonial government totally ignored the transport sector of the state, with moun-
tains, forests and rivers, because the matter was out of its interest. And during the post-
independence period, the matter was out of reach due to certain reasons.
The Tatmadaw Government is always thinking about plans to assist and develop all
the seven states and seven divisions of the Union and to make them prosper and stronger.
The Government has opened the new chapter of transport in the state. First, it launched
the 202-mile-and-three-furlong Yangon-Sittway Union Highway, and then the 110-mile
Thandwe-Gwa-Ngathaingchaung road, the 45-mile An-Padekyaw-Maei road, the 41-mile
Yangon-Taungup-Kyauk-pyu road Pyinwun-Min-byin section, and 42.5-mile Taungup-
Maei road. All are tarred facilities.
As the state has a large number of natural watercourses, sometimes, roads are being
built through marshes, with much difficulty. Many large and small bridges have been
built on rivers and creeks, and the number of over 180-foot bridges in the state has
reached 47, from only 11 in the past.
The large bridges on Kissapanadi River and Dalet, Myaungbwe, Tanlwe, Lamu, Maei,
Sanepauk, Londawpauk, Deedokpauk, Kaingshe, Pikauk, Min, Ramong, Yaw, Hsatthwa
and Thanthamagyi creeks in the state have been built under the special projects of the
Government. There are four more large bridges under construction. They are the 2,704-
foot Minkyaung Creek Bridge, the 703-foot Thanthamache Bridge and the 592-foot
Thazintan-pauk Bridge on Yangon-Kyaukpyu highway in Yanbye Township, and the
Kyauktan Bridge on Yangon-Sittway highway in Sittway Township. Furthermore,
Wunphaik Bridge will emerge on Yangon Kyaukpyu Road soon.
The table documents the transport development of the state.
Ma-ei Creek Bridge built in Taungup Township
Development in the transportation sector of Rakhine State

Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field 1 3 2
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 6 4 upgrading
Water transport
- Jetty (Inland) jetty 4 6 2
- tarred road mile 163/0 550/2 387/2
- hard road mile 130/0 - upgrading
- earth road mile 20/0 31/6 110/2
Bridge
- Public Works
- bridge under construction** bridge - 5 5
*16 completed 180 feet and above bridges **Four bridges under construction
1.Dalaetchaung 9. Dedokpauk 1. Minkyaung (Yanbye)
2. Myaungbwe 10. Kaingshe 2. Thanthamache (Yanbye)
3. Kitsapanadi 11. Pikauk 3. Thazintanpauk (Yanbye)
4. Tanlwechaung 12. Minchaung 4. Kyauktan (Sittway)
5. Lamachaung 13. Yamaung ***One bridge to be built
6. Maeichaung 14. Yawchaung 5. Wanphit
7. Sanepauk 15. Hsethwa (Yangon-Kyaukphyu road)
8. Londawpauk 16. Thanthamagyi
Communications
The Government has developed and facilitated the transport and communications sectors
of the state. The table compares the present situation and that of the 1988.
Development in the communication sector of Rakhine State
Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005Progress
Facsimile 1 30 29
Telephone
-exchange 17 35 18
-direct line 1621 6306 4865
Rural telephone
exchange - 8 8
Satellite station
-DOMSAT - 1 1
-VSAT - - -
-iPSTAR - 5 5
Local auto exchange project under implementation

1. MraukU with 500 lines
Electricity
“If there are mountains, roads will be built on them, and they will be beautified with
forest plantations and highland farms. Likewise, bridges will span rivers and creeks and
their waters will be harnessed for electricity”, and that is the conviction and resolve of
the Government to serve public interest.
While building miles of roads and a large number of bridges in the state, the Govern-
ment is also implementing the 100-megawatt Thahtay Creek Hydel Power Project in
Thandwe Township and the 15-megawatt An Creek Hydel Power Project.
Development in the electric power sector of Rakhine State

- Projects under implementation project - 2 2
Other power plants
-Steam plant - - -
-Natural gas plant - - -
-Coal plant - - -
Hydel power project under implementation

1. Thahtaychaung 100 megawatt (heavy)
2. Anchaung 15 megawatt (heavy)
Industrial Sector
The Government has been laying sound foundations for the progress of the state’s
industrial sector. The state now has 1,585 private industries, up 1,143 from only 442 in
1988. Twenty-six cottage industries and 28 State-owned industries are also manufactur-
ing goods in the state.
Development in the industrial sector of Rakhine State


Private industry plant 442 1585 1143
Education Sector
The Government is implementing human resources development programmes region-
wise. The special national education promotion project has helped raise the education
standard of Rakhine State to a higher stage than it was in 1988.
The state has opened 325 new basic education schools, an arts and science university,
an education college and an arts and science college. Over 450,000 students are pursuing
basic education and higher education in the state.The table serves as the education indi-
cator showing the sector’s development.
Government Technological College in Sittway

Development in the education sector of Rakhine State

- Preprimary school
Teachers’education
-Education College college 1 1 upgrading
-Number of trainee trainee 239 2919 2680
School dropout rate
- Degree college 1 - upgrading
- College 1 1 1
Science and Technology Sector

The Government has been paving the way for local youths to get access to profes-
sional institutions of higher learning in their own regions to produce a larger number of
engineers and computer experts. Thus, youths in Rakhine State also get the opportunity
to attend classes at a government computer college and a government technological
college in Sittway and a government technological institute in Thandwe. Up to now, the
state has produced over 1000 technocrats. Table F shows the opportunities of the youths
in the state to study science and technology.
Development in the science and technology sector of Rakhine State

- Government Technological College (Sittway) college - 1 1
-Computer college college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Sittway) college - 1 1
Government Technical Institute institute - 1 1
- Government Technical Institute (Thandwe) institute - 1 1
Health
The number of hospitals in Rakhine State has reached 42 — one 200-bed hospital,
three 100-bed hospitals, one 50-bed hospital, seven 25-bed hospitals, five 16-bed hospi-
tals and 26 station hospitals. In the past it was 36.
The Government has assigned 105 more doctors and 382 extra health staff to the state.
A 50-bed traditional medicine hospital and 12 traditional medicine dispensaries are treat-
ing patients in the state. There are now two nursing schools in the state.
The table attests to the health development of the state.
Development in the health sector of Rakhine State


- Local Health Cenrtre centre 1 1 -
-Tradiditional medicine hospital hospital - 1 1

There are now 224 miles and six furlongs of urban roads in the state. Of them 76 miles
and six furlongs are tarred facilities. In the past, the state had 184 miles and four furlongs
of urban roads. The state has also maintained 543 urban bridges. Rural roads have also
been extended and upgraded in the state, which now has 456 miles and six furlongs of
rural roads, up 183 miles and four furlongs from 273 miles and two furlongs in 1988. To
this date, the state has built 583 rural bridges.
Development in the development affairs sector of Rakhine State

Urban development
-Gravelled road mile 88/7 75/4 (-)13/3
- Granite road mile 22/1 2/0 (-)20/1
-Other - 6 6
Rural Development
- Tarred road mile - 10/7 10/7
-Earth road mile 233/0 249/6 16/6
-Other bridge - 10 10
Of the 17 town water supply projects, 11 have completed. A total of 612 units of
waterworks have already been erected in 470 villages. The entire project covers the task
of supplying clean water to 922 villages.

The Government’s Border Areas and National Races Development Project covers
Rakhine State together with many other regions. Sittway has a youth development train-
ing school and Maungtaw has a vocational training school for development of local
youths. The Table explains the Government’s endeavours to develop the socio-economy
of Rakhine State to catch up with other regions, with exact figures.
Rakhine State
- Rakhine region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Earthe road mile - 161/6 161/6
-Bridge (large, small) bridge - 14/221 14/221
Health care service
Education
Agriculture
-Dam dam - 2 2
-Dam maintenance dam - 2 2

Rakhine State
Livestock breeding
-Livestock breeding farm farm - 1 1
Energy
-Town/village - 28 28
Public relations
Communications
-Post office - 11 11
-Telegraph - 5 5
-Telephone - - 2 2

The Government has been developing the information and public relations sector to
enable the people of Rakhine State to get in touch with everyday news about the national
developments. The table shows how the state is improving its information sector in the
drive towards reaching the golden land of unity and amity.
Rakhine State

-Sub-printing house (Sittway) house - 1 1
Shan State marching to new

Shan State with a total area of 60,155 square miles is situated in eastern part of
Myanmar. Kachin, Kokang, Taungyo, Danu, Palaung, PaO, Bamar, Lihsu, Wa, Ahkar
and Intha are residing in Shan State together with Shan nationals. At present, as the
population of Shan State is about 5,263,000 the population density is 88 in one square
mile. Being the hilly region, its mountain ranges lying from north to south are about
3,000 feet average in height. Some mountains are as high as over 7,000 feet. There are
also Heho, Hsipaw and Kengtung plains among mountain ranges.
Head of State Senior General Than Shwe during his inspection tour of Shan State in
April 2002 had given guidance, saying that education, health, economy of Shan State
lagged behind in development due to lack of security and peace and there had been armed
insurgency in the region. In the time of the Tatmadaw government efforts have been
made for prevalence of peace and regional development. Border areas of Shan State are
contiguous to those of neighbouring nations. This being the case, it is needed to catch up
with them in terms of education, health and economic sectors. Only when the national
dignity and the national forces are strong will the future of the State be bright.
Since its assumption of the State responsibility the Tatmadaw government with the
participation of the people has been forging national solidarity while building develop-
ment infrastructures in states and divisions. It has been able to bring armed insurgency
to an end. As a result, 17 armed groups have returned to the legal fold and are now
joining hands with the government in nation-building endeavours. With combined efforts
of the Tatmadaw and national race leaders unprecedented progress has been made in
Shan State. Progress made past and present in Shan State is doumented here.
Agriculture
Although various kinds of crops were grown paddy was not priority in Shan State in
the past. The government is striving for development of agricultural sector for ensuring
self-sufficiency in rice and edible oil and boosting the production of industrial crops and
pulses and beans for export. For development of agriculture of Shan State Zawgi Dam
in Yaksawk Township and Humon Dam in Lashio Township were built. At the same
time, hybrid paddy that suits to the region were grown and they are now thriving. The
per-acre yield of summer paddy has increased up to about 100 baskets. There has been
self-sufficiency in rice in the region as paddy production has doubled.
Kaukkwe Dam in Lashio Township, Myogyi Dam in Ywangan Township and Wanpon
Dam in Namhsam Township are under construction and arrangements are being made for
implementing the Kenghkam Dam project plus one river water pumping project. Progress
in agriculture sector may be seen in Tables.
Poppy-substitute orange plantation in Mongla region in Shan State (East)
Development in the agriculture sector of Shan State

Land resource
cultivable land
Water supply task
- Benefited acres 61855 174198 112343
-Task under implementation - 1 1
Development in the agriculture sector of Shan State

- Tubewells - 9 9
thousand 40212 87793 47581
- Regional rice sufficiency percent - 112.5 112.5
Cotton acreage acre 1379 2584 1205
Maize acreage acre 82619 288669 206050
Buck wheat acreage acre - 10406 10406
Tea acreage acre 137021 173190 36169
Progress in acreage of pepper acre - 20351 20351
Coffee acre 10427 14426 3999
-Groundnut acre 68385 93317 24932
-Sesame acre 16929 32580 15651
-Mustard acre 5125 48651 43526
*Dams under construction **Dam to be built

1. Kaukkwe 500 acres (Lashio) 1. Kenghkam (Zawgyi supporting)
2. Myogyi (Meiktila greening) (2X10)megawatt Ywangan
3. Wanpon 1000 acres (Namsan)
Buckwheat plantation in Hpaunghsaing Village in Shan State (North)

Livestock breeding undertakings in Shan State have doubled when compared with that
in 1988. In the past, altogether 3.7 million heads of animals were bred but now about 8.8
million heads of animals are being bred for development of the meat sector. Being a
plateau, progress has been made in fishery sector. In the past, there were 205.69 acres
of fish breeding ponds but there are now 1,842.13 acres of fish breeding ponds or eight
times. In 1988, only 678,000 fish were distributed but 2.1 million fish are now being
distributed.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Shan State
- Buffalo 457000 617000 160000
- Cattle 942000 1199000 257000
- Sheep/goat 13000 33000 20000
- Pig 332000 825000 493000
- Chicken 1786000 8448000 6662000
- Duck 147000 257000 110000
- Quail - 9000 9000
- Fingerlings distribution
- Production 1X100000 6.78 32.43 25.65
- Fish released 1X100000 3.45 29.37 25.92
- Sale 1X100000 3.33 3.99 0.66
Forest Conservation
Measures are being taken for development of the forest sector in Shan State to keep
pace with development of agriculture and livestock breeding. As efforts are being made
for development of agriculture, meat and forest sectors the area of protected public forest
and natural forest has been on the increase. In 1988, the government in cooperation with
the people had been able to grow only over 500,000 saplings but in the time of the
Tatmadaw government over 51 million saplings have been planted. Extended establish-
ment of forest plantations is being launched with added momentum.
Catchment areas were extended for greening of the environs of Inlay Lake and pres-
ervation of rivers and creeks. The forest sector of Shan State covers commercial planta-
tions, plantations for village use, plantations for industrial raw materials and Thitseint
plantations.
Development in the forestry sector of Shan State
(in Million) 0.51 51.18 50.67
Transport Sector
The government is making efforts in all seriousness for ensuring better transport in
states and divisions while striving for improvement of socio-economic life of the entire
national people. There were only Mandalay-Nawnghkio-Kyaukme-Lashio route and
Meiktila-Thazi-Shwenyaung route as gateways of Shan State in 1988. People in the
region had to rely mainly on rail transportation as there were only two modes of trans-
port— motor road and railroads. Shan State marked by a series of rivers and creeks has
mountains and forests in abundance. These natural barriers prevent national brethren to
get closer but remain distant. The Tatmataw Goverment, on its part, is determined to
overcome these barriers.
In the time of the Tatmadaw government a network of roads and bridges were built
and upgraded in Shan State. As a result, the Hsipaw-Namlan-Panketu road and the
Yaksawk-Kyaukgu-Nawnghkio road linking directly to Shan State (North) and Shan

State (South) have emerged. Moreover, the Hanmyintmo-Myogyi-Ywangan road and the
Pinlaung-Pyinmana road linking Mandalay Division and Shan State have also emerged.
Local people in Shan State has now been enjoying the fruits of better transport.
A total of 1373miles of motor roads including 437 miles long tarred roads were built
in Shan State. In the past, there were only two major bridges—the Kunlong Bridge and
the Takaw Bridge but in the time of the Tatmadaw government the Thanlwin Bridge
(Takaw-et) and the Thanlwin Bridge (Tahsan) were added. In addition, special bridge
projects—Namting bridge in Kunlong Township, Matlan bridge in Laikha Township and
Langkhio bridge in Lingkhio Township were also constructed.
Shweli bridge (Namkham) and Hsataw bridge (Mongkai) are under construction. Ar-
rangements are being made for construction of Shweli bridge (Myithson) in Momeik
Township.
In the past, the length of railroads was only 168.25 miles but it has now doubled. The
101.92-mile Aungban-Pinlaung-Loikaw railroad, the 37.50-mile Shwenyaung-Yaksawk
railroad and the 165.06-mile Shwenyaung-Namhsan railroad have contributed much to
ensuring better transport in the region.
Moreover, the number of airport at which Jet aircraft can land and take off has
increased from four to six. The Lashio-Muse railroad, the ASEAN highway and the
Asian highway will soon emerge in Shan State.
The table shows progress made in the transport sector.
Thanlwin Bridge (Tarkawat)

Development in the transportation sector of Shan State

Railways
- passenger 1X1000 1495.9 1594.8 98.9
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 58.0 72.3 14.3
- Goods/mile mile 6174.5 11111.1 4936.6
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfiled field 4 6 2
- tarred road mile 1459/0 1896/2 437/6
- hard road mile 700/0 837/4 137/4
Bridge
- Public Works
- under construction** bridge - 2 2
- bridge to be built*** bridge - 1 1
*Five major bridges built under special project
1. Thanlwin Bridge (Tarkawet) 7. Dottawady Bridge( Naungkhio)
2. Thanlwin Bridge (Tarsan) **Two bridges under construction
3. Nantein Bridge (Kunlon) 1. Shweli bridge ( Namkham)
4. Matlan Bridge (Laikha) 2. Hsardaw Bridge (Mongkai)
5. Langkho Bridge (Langkho) ***One bridge to be built
6. Tarpa Bridge ( Kutkai) 1. Shweli Bridge (Myithson) (Moemeik)
Communications
The government is making all-out efforts for development of the communications
sector of Shan State. At a time when information and communications are making progress,
systematic steps are being taken for development of communications sector of states and
divisions to enable the nation to stand tall among the global nations.
The table indicates comparison of figures in the past and present.
Development in the communication sector of Shan State

Facsimile 1 112 111
Telephone
-exchange 27 99 72
-direct line 2871 26591 23720
Rural telephone
exchange - 26 26
Satellite station
-DOMSAT - 1 1
-VSAT - 3 3
-iPSTAR - 2 2
Local outo exchange project under implementation
1. Namhsan (south) 500 lines 4. Lashio (Extension) 500 lines
2. Konhein 500 lines Total 1900 lines
3. Theinni 500 lines
Electric Power
Electric power plays a key role in boosting the national economy. Shan State con-
sumed only 24 megawatt of electricity in 1988. In the time of the Tatmadaw government
measures were taken so that Shan State can consume nine times of electricity.
In the past, there were three hydel power plants in Shan State—the 0.3 megawatt
Nanhkam small-scale hydel plant, 0.192 megawatt Muse small-scale hydel plant and 1.2
megawatt Tatgyi medium-scale hydel power plant. At present, there are 12 small- and
medium-scale hydel power plants. There are the Namhmyaw, the Namhsaung Ngaung,
the Pakyethaw, the Namhsaung Chaung, the Zawgyi-1, the Zawgyi-2, the Namshan Chaung,
the Namhtok, the Meipan, the Mongla, the Namlap and the Silu. Shweli hydel power
plant to generate 400 megawatt in Shan State (North) and Kengtawng hydel power plant
to generate 54 megawatt in Shan State (South) are under implementation. Arrangements
are being made for implementing Tahsan (Thanlwin) hydel power project in Shan State
to generate 7,110 megawatt.
The table compares figures in 1988 and the present.
Development in the electric power sector of Shan State

- Completed hydel power plant* plant 3 15 12
-Medium (1-10 megawatt) plant 1 5 4
-Small (up to 1 megawatt) plant 2 8 6
Project under implementation project - 2 2
-Heavy( above 10 megawatt) plant - 2 2
Other power plants
-Steam plant - - -
-Coal plant - 1 1
-Installed power in the future megawatt 12.404 687.957 675.583
*Completed hydel power plants
1. Namhkam (1988) 0.300 megawatt (small)
2. Muse (1988) 0.192 megawatt (small)
3. Nammyaw 4.000 megawatt (medium)
4. Namhsaungngaung 4.000 megawatt (medium)
5. Pakyathaw 0.100 megawatt (small)
Pakyathaw (extension) 0.200 megawatt (small)
6. Namhsaungchaung 0.500 megawatt (small)
7. Tatkyi 1.200 megawatt (medium)
8. Zawgyi-1 18.000 megawatt (heavy)
9. Zawgyi-2 12.000 megawatt (heavy)
10. Namshanchaung 0.150 megawatt (small)
11. Namhtot 3.000 megawatt (medium)
12. Maipan 1.200 megawatt (medium)
13. Mongla 0.060 megawatt (small)
14. Namlat 0.480 megawatt (small)
15. Hsilu 0.024 megawatt (small)
**Hydel power project under implementation
1. Shweli 400 megawatt(heavy)
2. Kengtong 54 megawatt (heavy)
Hydel power project to be implemented
1.Tarhsan (Thanlwin) 7110 megawatt
Zawgyi Hydel Power Plant in Yaksauk Township in Shan State (South)
Industry
In building the nation into a modern and developed one, the government based on
agriculture and industry is striving for the Union to become an industrialized nation. In
the process, priority is being given to development of private industrial sector.
Therefore, Taunggyi (Ayethaya) Industrial Zone in Shan State has emerged. With
theinvestment of K 637.59 million, the industrial zone has 670 industries and K 1,112.03
million of production value. With the assistance of the government, it is in the process
of establishing modern foundries and mould shops like Mandalay and Monywa industrial
zones. The table shows progress at present compared with that in 1988.
Development in the industrial sector of Shan State

Industrial zones - 1 1
Industries - 670 670

Gem lands and mining blocks in Shan State have been extended after 1988. As a
result, 36,330 carats of gems and 244.56 troy ounces of gold could be exploited. Mining
and mineral sector of Shan State is making progress to the extent that 143,067 metric tons
of coal, 3,040 metric tons of lime for industrial use, 403 metric tons of lime for deco-
ration, 756 metric tons of lead zinc ore, 1,348.6 metric tons of zinc ore, 107,743 ounces
of refined silver, 1,875 metric tons of pure lead, 4,247 metric tons of refined lead and
2,210 metric tons of baryte could be mined.
Education
The government is making efforts for improvement of Shan State’s education sector
to be able to face the challenges of Knowledge Age. There are 1,184 basic education
schools with 11,657 teachers in Shan State. Altogether 661,726 students are pursuing
education at the schools. In the higher education sector, there are two arts & science
universities, one arts & science degree college and one education college where 26,668
students are pursuing higher education. Markedly, primary school enrolment rate has
increased up to 96.69 per cent.
The table shows progress in 1988 and present.
The magnificent main building of Panglong University in Panglong, Loilem District

in Shan State (South)
Development in the education sector of Shan State


- Preprimary school
-Institute, school, education college college 1 1 -
School dropout rate
- Basic level percent 44.58 8.40 (-36.18)
- middle level percent 42.27 5.03 (-37.24)
- Degree College 1 2 1
- College 1 1 -

Development of science and technology is imperative in ensuring human resources
development. To bring about harmonious development across Shan State, the government
has designated and is implementing the four development regions—Taunggyi, Lashio,
Kengtung and Panglong. One government technological college and one government
computer college each were opened in those regions.
Progress figures are shown in the table.
Development in the science and technology sector of Shan State
- Government Technological College (Ayethayar) college - 1 1
- Government Technological College (Kengtung) college - 1 1
- Government Technological College (Panglong) college - 1 1
- Government Technological College (Lashio) college - 1 1
-Number of teachers teacher 50 325 275
-Number of students (graduate) student 2126 5558 3432
-Computer Colleges college - 4 4
- Government Computer College (Taunggyi) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Kengtung) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Lashio) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Panglong) college - 1 1
Government Technical High School (Taunggyi) school - 1 1
Health
The government is striving for the entire national people to be free from diseases, to
be healthy and fit, and to enjoy longevity. With this end in view, public health care
services are being provided in the whole Shan State.
The table indicates progress.
Maternity ward of People’s General Hospital in Lashio, Shan State (North)

Development in the health sector of Shan State


Specialist hospital hospital 1 1 -
- Nurse nurse 556 1387 831
- Traditional medicine hospital hospital - 1 1
- Nurses Training School school 1 3 2

Unprecedented urban and rural development has been achieved in Shan State. In the
past, the length of urban roads was 400 miles but it has now increased to 692 miles
including 261 miles of tarred roads. The number of bridges in urban areas has topped
1,587. Water supply was facilitated to 30 towns out of 53. The length of rural roads has
increased from 93 miles to 3,823 miles including 159 tarred roads with 896 bridges. A
total of 1,341 water works were facilitated to 918 villages out of 2,780.
Development in the development affairs sector of Shan State


Urban development
- Granite road mile 6/6 13/7 7/1
-Earthen road mile 179/4 206/0 26/4
Rural Development
- Tarred road mile - 276/2 276/2
-Earth road mile 71/2 206/4 135/2

Shan State, which lagged behind in development in successive eras, is making signifi-
cant progress and it has been able to catch up with border areas of neighbouring coun-
tries.
This is the fruitful result of integrated and well-coordinated efforts of the Tatmadaw
and national race leaders. Border areas and national races development project started in
Shan State. When national race leaders joined hands with the Tatmadaw, ten border
area development regions have emerged. The ten regions are now making more progress
than other cities in the plains. The national race leaders realizing the genuine goodwill
of the government are actively engaged in regional development drive.
The table shows tangible results of border area development.
Developing Mongla in Shan State (East)


Shan State

- Kokang region region - 1 1
- Wa region region - 1 1
- Shan region region - 1 1
- Kachin North East region region - 1 1
- Palaung region region - 1 1
- Kengtung region region - 1 1
- Homein region region - 1 1
- Monehtaw, Monehta region region - 1 1
- Mawhpa region region - 1 1
- Pa-O region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Bridge (large, small, suspension) bridge - 21/125/1 21/125/1
Health care service
Education
Agriculture
-Dam dam - 44 44
-Canal canal - 2 2
-Tractor tractor - 9 9
-Water supply tasks task - 5 5
-Land reclamation acre - 860.24 860.24
Forestry
-Saw mill mill - 12 12
-Nursery farm farm - 6 6

Shan State
Livestock breeding
-Distribution of cow, donkey, sheep - 83 83
Energy
-Generator generator - 138 138
-Town/village - 88 88
-Town/village with hydel power - 12 12
Public relations
Mining industry
-Ruby caret - 249280.6 249280.6
-Saphire piece - 507.7 507.7
Communications
-Post office - 28 28
-Telegraph - 19 19
-Telephone - - 54 54
Higher education standard and right concept of national people are
essential for improvement of socio-economic life of the entire national people and trans-
forming the Union into a modern and developed one. The government is improving its
information sector that serves as a bridge between the State and the people in Shan State
in the drive towards reaching the golden land of unity and amity. Progress made in this
field may be seen in the the table.
Shan State
Comparison between period preceding 1988 and after (up to31-12-2005)
-Sub-printing house * house - 3 3
*Sub-printing houses 1. Lashio 2. Taunggyi 3. Kengtung

Sagaing Division marching to new

The Union of Myanmar has prospects for development if the national people further
enhance peace and unity in harmony.
It is known to all that since its assumption of State duties, the Tatmadaw has paid
priority to national reconsolidation, while upholding Our Three Main National Causes —
non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity, and perpetua-
tion of sovereignty.
The government is building infrastructures in diversified spheres for equitable devel-
opment of all parts of the nation, reducing the development gap between one region and
another, and raising the living standard of the people. In its bid to construct economic,
education, health and transport infrastructures of the states and divisions, the government
is making efforts with might and main and enlisting the strength of the people and the
governmental staff based on self- reliance. The harmonious endeavours of the State, the
people and the Tatmadaw have yielded sustainable progress of states and divisions and
it is making significant contributions towards the development of the entire Union. Now,
almost all of the infrastructures required for national development have been in place.
During the inspection tour of Rakhine State on 29 November 2004, Head of State
Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance to the officials, saying that since the assump-
tion of State responsibilities, the Tatmadaw has been doing its utmost with a robust
concept that all regions of the nation and national races will be able to enjoy equal
development in a short time. Basically, he said, all the regions of the nation are the same,
but they have specific features and characteristics of their own. It is required to utilize
the significant natural resources of the regions in a correct and effective way to narrow
the development gap between one region and another and for ensuring proportionate
development of all. There will be development only if terrestrial and aquatic resources
are tapped efficiently and effectively by manpower, he said.
The national people are indeed capable of taking a correct approach to what is going
on in the world as well as to the internal affairs. So they are now marching to a new
golden land of unity and amity by means of participating in the nation-building endeav-
ours whatever role it may be for ensuring perpetual existence of their mother country as
well as for social and economic progress of the entire people.
I have presented the government’s unremitting endeavours and activities for bringing
equitable progress to the hilly regions and the plains of the nation and harmonious
development of all sectors in the interests of the nation and the people. I would also like
to present development of the seven divisions in which various national races live in
unison and harmony, comparing the conditions in 1988 and those at present starting with
Sagaing Division.
Sagaing
In the east of Sagaing Division are Kachin State, Shan State and Mandalay Division,
in the south Mandalay Division and Magway Division, and in the north Chin State. With
a total area of 36,535 square miles, the Division is like a mini union in which a diversity
of national races such as Bamar, Shan, Naga, Chin, Gadu and Ganan have been living
in unity. Its population is around 5.945 million and population density is 163 per square
mile.
Its northern part is more populous. Its southern part has small mountain ranges and
plains. Its north-west part shares border with India, and along this border line are more-
than-10,000-foot-high Patkwaing Mountain Range and about-8,000-foot-high Naga Moun-
tain Range, on which the 12,553-foot-high Mount Sarameti lies. There are other moun-
tain ranges such as Pontaung and Ponnya. The Ayeyawady River, the Chindwin River
and the Mu River flow through the region. Among the plains in the region, Shwebo Plain
is the largest, and such plains as Homalin, Kabaw valley, Myittha valley, Monywapale,
Meza valley and Katha are famous.
Agriculture
Sagaing Division is located between the Ayeyawady and Chindwin rivers and the
region is long if compared with its width. Its lower part was a region where water was
scarce in the past. It gets only a little rainfall, and there was shortage of water in sup-
plying water to the farmland even in the rainy season.
However, the government has been able to upgrade the agricultural sector of the
region, and now it has become the granary of the Upper Myanmar. The government
reclaimed the virgin and fallow lands of the region. It has constructed water pumping
stations, dams and diversion weirs with the agricultural purpose.
In the past, there were more than 3.7 million arable acres in the region and now the
sown acreage has increased to more than 7.4 million in total. In olden days, the region
had only 16 irrigation facilities.
Over the one-year period after the Tatmadaw had taken State duties, it was able to
launch 18 projects of irrigation facilities — the underground water tapping project, Zedi
Diversion Weir, Letyetma Dam, Wetshu Diversion Weir, Tonegyaw Diversion Weir,
Nwekhway Dam, YeU Dam, Thazi Dam, Ywathaya artesian well, Htanzalok Dam, Kindat
Dam, Kyepinet Dam, Letpan Dam, Ngwetha Dam and Salingyi Dam one after another.
These facilities benefit 369,944 acres of farmland. The multiple-cropping acreage of
irrigated farmland has increased close to 1.5 million, up from 1 million in the past.
Sagaing Division has got river water pumping stations, which had never been in the
past in Myanmar. So far, altogether 49 water pumping projects have been completed,
seven projects are under way, and four projects will be launched in the region. In con-
sequence, the region can put another two million acres under crops, and the region is
greening all-year round.
The opening ceremony of the Thaphanseik Dam, the region’s greatest showcase that
enhances the prestige of the nation, took place on 17 April 2001. Head of State Senior
General Than Shwe graced the occasion with his presence and delivered a speech to the
ceremony, saying “It took more than 40 years for previous governments just to carry out
feasibility study for construction of the Thaphanseik Dam, but they could not put the
project into reality due to various reasons. Yet, we set up a robust determination to see
to that, and now the over-40-year-long dream has come true. We have realized the project
with the confidence that if we do so, local people will be able to carry out double or triple
cropping and they can elevate their living and social standards cumulatively,” he added.
Thahpanseik Dam in Kyunhla Township, Sagaing Division

The speech reflected the Tatmadaw Government’s firm commitment to this project,
the genuine goodwill to the nation and the people, and a prudent provision for the
nation’s future.
With 108 feet high and 22,587 feet (more than four miles) long earthen embankment,
the dam is the largest of its kind in the nation. And the facility’s embankment is the
longest of its kind in South-East Asia. It benefits more than 500,000 acres of crops in
Shwebo, KhinU, Kanbalu, Daze, YeU, Dabayin, Budalin and Ayadaw townships all-year
round.
The table shows the agricultural progress of Sagaing Division.
Development in the agriculture sector of Sagaing Division
Land resource
cultivable land
Water supply task
- Benefited acres 420434 798628 378194
Tubewells - 2805 2805
-Benefited acre - 50202 50202

thousand 52802 131969 79167
Tea acreage acre 4997 8952 3955
edible oil crop
-Groundnut acre 284662 498787 214125
-Sesame acre 686632 862461 175829
-Sunflower acre 73239 381537 308298
-Mustard acre 13246 28697 15451
-Niger acre 22724 88469 65745
*Dams under construction **Dams to be built
1. Yazagyo 6500 acres (Kale) 1. Ketlon (North)
2. Hpaungkata 1000 acres (Salingyi) 2. Ayadaw
3.Ainya 750 acres (Ayadaw)
Ingyinbin (Ayadaw)

Taking into account the food security of the nation’s future population of more than
100 million, the government is constructing good foundations in various sectors. It is also
taking measures for enabling Sagaing Division to become a region that provides a great
deal of fish and meat for other states and divisions.
The region is adhering to the guidance of the Head of State on distribution of pedigree
species of fish, breeding fish in rural regions on a commercial scale, and releasing
fingerlings into the Ayeyawady River. The table shows progress of the livestock and
fishery sector.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Sagaing Division
- Buffalo 320000 398000 78000
- Cattle 1727000 2085000 358000
- Sheep/goat 266000 391000 125000
- Pig 304000 704000 400000
- Chicken 2870000 8266000 5396000
- Duck 59000 185000 126000
- Quail - 43000 43000
- Mythun - 1000 1000
- Production 1X100000 10.00 465.89 455.89
- Fish release 1X100000 6.63 375.67 369.04
- Sale 1X100000 3.37 90.22 86.85
- Fish released into Ayeyawady river 1X100000 - 325.75 325.75
Forest Conservation
The regional development tasks and environmental conservation are interdependent.
Only when the nation’s natural resources are well conserved and protected, will the steps
be taken effectively for national progress. So, it is needed to prevent the people from
cutting down the trees indiscriminately so as to avert the deforestation, while growing
trees for forming new forests.
Strictly following the guidance of the Head of State, Sagaing Division has managed
to conserve forests and set up new forests annually in the region. It has planted trees on
all the vacant lands on Sagaing Mountain and speeded up implementation of the project
for the greening of Minwun Mountain.
The tables show the region’s progress in implementing the nine districts greening
project in cooperation with local authorities, service personnel and the locals.
Development in the forestry sector of Sagaing Division
-Teak special plantation acre - 11000 11000
(in Million) 0.505 51.18 50.675
Timber and Timber product Kyat in Million 133.51 2710.61 1374.10
- Myanma Timber Enterprise Kyat in Million 486.96 1605.44 1118.48
- Private Kyat in Million 849.55 1105.17 255.62
Saw mill and furniture factory factory 23 140 117
-State-owned factory 23 17 (-)6
-Private factory - 123 123
Transport Sector
Being large and mountainous and endowed with rivers and creeks, Sagaing Division
had poor transport in the past. In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, Sagaing-
Monywa Road, Monywa-Kale Road, Tagaung-Shwegu Road, Tamu-Zedi Road, Hkamti-
Lahe Road ( 56 miles), Htamanthi-Leshi Road (41 miles), Kalewa-Monywa Road (115
miles), and Kyepin-et Dam bypass (10 miles and three furlongs) section of Swebo-
Myitkyina Road were upgraded.
The total length of the road in the region has increased to 2,132 miles including 1,038
miles of tarred roads, compared to only 1332 miles in 1988. The region is now enjoying
better transport.
Besides, new bridges emerge one after another. In the past, there were only 17 bridges,
each of which is more than 180 feet long. Now, the region has got 12 more such kind
of bridges including 465-foot Meza Bridge (Indaw), 2,330-foot Shweli Bridge (Katha),
4,730.2-foot Chindwin Bridge (Monywa), 1,320-foot Myittha Bridge (Kalewa) and 4,957-
foot Shinbyushin Bridge (ChaungU). Phainglin Bridge and Kangyiwa Bridge projects on
Tamu-Zedi Road in Tamu Township are under construction. Yetpha Creek Bridge (408
feet) Project on Thetkekyin-Phaungpyin-Homalin-Hkamti Road and Nantsalein Bridge
(320 feet) on Hkamti-Lahe Road will be launched in future.
With respect to the bridge projects implemented in Sagaing Division by the govern-
ment, it can be noted that only the two large bridges spanning Chindwin River were
constructed. Up to 1988, there were no bridges across the river and the region’s transport
sector was poor in the past.
The government is opening transport facilities one after another in the region includ-
ing two large bridges — Chindwin Bridge (Monywa) and Sinbyushin Bridge (ChaungU).
Sinbyushin Bridge lies on ChaungU-Pakokku-Gangaw-Kale railroad, which is contribut-
ing towards all-round development of Sagaing Division.
The 277.34-mile ChaungU-Kale railroad links east banks and west banks of the
Ayeyawady River and the Chindwin River in Sagaing Division. The facility was built
with the aim of ensuring all-round progress of Pakokku, Gangaw and Kale regions and
Chin State. The 146-mile ChaungU-Kyaw railroad section was inaugurated in April 1997
and the 105.34-mile Kale-Yaymyetni railroad section in July 1997. The two sections have
70 stations. Yaymyetni-Kyaw section is under construction. In order to complete this
section, the officials have to overcome many natural barriers including the construction
of the 5,610-foot-long Pontaung-Ponnya tunnel.
Chindwin Bridge (Monywa) is 4320 feet long and it spans Chindwin River in
Monywa Tonwship, Sagaing Division
In addition, the government reconstructed Budalin-YeU railroad and extended it up to

KhinU, and built 2,125-foot bridge spanning Mu River to link Mandalay-Myitkyina
railroad and Sagaing-Monywa railroad stretching from east to north.
With farsightedness, the government is constructing new airports, railroads, roads and
bridges to shape the better future of the nation. Plans are under way to construct more
transport facilities in the region.
Asian highways, ASEAN highways, and transnational highways will be constructed in
future. The table shows progress of transport facilities of Sagaing Division that is enjoy-
ing prospects for progress.
Development in the transportation sector of Sagaing Division
Railways
- passenger 1X1000 5211.6 5556.6 345.0
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 176.1 291.3 114.2
- Goods/mile mile 26138.5 46976.6 20838.1
Airways
- tarred road mile 345/0 1037/7 692/7
- gravel road mile 150/0 330/6 180/6
- earth road mile 297/0 349/2 52/2
Bridge
- Public Works
- bridge to be built*** bridge - 1 1
-completed bridge bridge 694 979 285
*Five above 180-feet bridges **Three bridges under construction
built under special project 1. Mezar Bridge (Indaw)
1. Hpainglin Bridge (Tamu) 2. Kangyiwa Bridge (Tamu)
2. Shweli Bridge (Katha) 3. Uru Bridge (Homalin)
3. Chindwin Bridge (Monywa) (Special project)
4. Myittha Bridge (Kalewa) ***Two bridges to be built
5. Hsinbyushin Bridge (ChaungU) 1. Yethpachaung Bridge
2. Nansalein Bridge
Communications
The region’s communication sector is making progress in parallel with other sectors.
The table reflects the State’s capabilities for progress of the region in external and local
communication.
Development in the communication sector of Sagaing Division
Post office office 158 157 (-)1
Facsimile 1 53 52
Telephone
-exchange 23 64 41
-direct line 1842 17484 15642
-auto radio phone - 114 114
-CDMA - 95 95
-Cellula - - -
-DECT - 271 271
-GSM - - -
Rural telephone
exchange - 4 4
e-Mail/Internet - - -
X.25 line line - - -
Micro link link - - -
Satellite station
-DOMSAT - 2 2
VSAT - - -
-iPSTAR - 9 9
Local auto exchange project under implementation
1. Monywa (extension) 256 lines
2. Tamu 750 lines
3. Wuntho 400 lines
Total 1406 lines
Electric Power
The government is taking measures for supply of more electricity for the region. In
1988, the region’s electricity consumption was more than 87 million units only. At that
time, there was not a single hydropower plant. But, after that period, the region was
facilitated with the 30-megawatt Thaphanseik hydropower plant, the 1.26-megawatt
Zeegyaung hydropower plant, and the 0.05-megawatt hydropower plant Lahe hydropower
plant, increasing the figures of the units to 297.33 million.
The capacity of generators has risen to 38.837 megawatt, up from 11.888 megawatts
in 1988. The government is never content in serving the interests of the nation and the
people.
Thahpanseik hydel power plant near Thahpanseik Village in Kyunhla Township,

Shwebo District, Sagaing Division
The 1,200-megawatt Htamanthi and the 660-megawatt Shwesaryay hydel-power plant

projects will emerge in the region soon. The table indicates progress of the electric
power sector of the region.
Development in the electric power sector of Sagaing Division


- Completed hydel power plant* plant - 3 3
-Medium (1-10 megawatt) plant - 1 1
-Small (up to 1 megawatt) plant - 1 1
-Installed power megawatt - 31.310 31.310
Project under implementation** project - 2 2
Other power plants
-Steam plant - - -
-Coal plant - - -
-Diesel-used plant plant 92 62 national grid
- Installed power megawatt 11.888 7.527 (-)4.361
-Installted power in the future megawatt 11.888 1898.837 1886.949
*Completed hydel power plants
1. Thahpanseik 30.00 megawatt (heavy)
2. Zeechaung 1.260 megawatt (medium)
3. Lahe 0.050 megawatt (small)
**Hydel power project under implementation
1. Htamanthi 1200 megawatt (heavy)
2. Shwesaryay 660 megawatt (heavy)
Industry
Sagaing Division is enjoying cumulative progress in the industrial sector. In the region
are Monywa, Shwebo and Kale industrial zones.
With a total investment of K 599.33 million, Monywa Industrial Zone is made up of
615 enterprises. Its annual turnover is K 1,809.83 million. Shwebo Industrial Zone con-
sists of 453 industries with a total investment of K 326,57 million and an annual turnover
of K 556.70 million. And Kale Industrial Zone comprises 243 industries with an invest-
ment of K 236.85 million in total and annually produces goods valued at K 715.11
million.
The number of private factories and plants has grown to more than 3,000 alongside
360 small-scale industries and 70 State-owned industries. The table represents progress
of the region’s industrial sector.
Development in the industrial sector of Sagaing Division

Mining and Minerals

The region is extending its mining industry. The number of its mining blocks of jade,
copper, gold and coal is on the increase. It also discovered other mineral deposits includ-
ing quart. It produced 220,000 kilos of jade, 28,592 metric tons of copper, 4,237.17 troy
ounces of pure gold, 568.68 troy ounces of raw gold, and 15,475.4 metric tons of coal.
Education
Sagaing Division is contributing towards the government’s drive for producing more
intellectuals and intelligentsia and outstanding educated persons so as to enable the nation
to exist forever and ensure national progress. So far, the government has opened 1022
more post-primary schools to help local youths pursue education constantly. The figures
of basic education schools have increased to 976 including 139 basic education middle
schools and 162 basic education high schools.
The government opened an institute of economics, and a university in Monywa, a
university of education in Sagaing, a university in Kale, a degree college in Shwebo, and
an education college each in Sagaing and Monywa, to enable local people to pursue
education in respective regions. The number of students of higher education has surged
40 times.
The table depicts the region’s progress in the educational sector.
Institute of Economics in Monywa, Sagaing Division

Development in the education sector of Sagaing Division


- Preprimary school
-Education college college 1 2 1
School dropout rate
- Institute - 2 2
- Degree College - 1 1
- College 2 2 -

The region is also enjoying the improvement of the science and technology sector. The
table shows progress of the number of students in the region.
Development in the science and technology sector of Sagaing Division

(Monwya) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Monywa) college - 1 1
Technical Institute institute - 1 1
- Government Technical Institute (Sagaing) institute - 1 1
Technical High School school - 1 1
Health
The State has upgraded 10 hospitals in the region to provide better health care services
for the people. The figures of hospital have stood 89 including two 200-bed hospitals,
five 100-bed hospitals and two 50-bed hospitals. It also opened six more health care
centres, 22 traditional health care centres and two traditional medicines hospitals. A total
of nearly 600 health staff including 91 specialists and assistant surgeons have been
appointed in these health care facilities. It also opened a nurses training school along with
a midwifery training school to produce nurses and midwives.
The table shows progress of health staff in the region.
Development in the health sector of Sagaing Division

Specialist hospital hospital - - -
Teaching hospital hospital - - -
- 300-bed hospital - - -
- Regional Health Centre centre 1 1 -
- Health staff staff 169 169 -
Traditional Medicine
- Traditional medicine clinic clinic 6 22 16
Specialist Hospital in Kale

Sagaing Division has been facilitated with a network of transport facilities. The length
of the urban roads has risen from 186 to 646 miles including 206 miles of tarred roads.
The region has a total of 995 urban bridges. So far, urban water supply projects have been
completed in 18 out of 37 towns.
At the same time, the length of rural roads has surged 20 times from more than 150
miles to over 3,092 miles. The region has 1340 rural bridges. The water supply project
has thoroughly covered 2,057 out of 2,454 villages.
Development in the development affairs sector of Sagaing Division

Urban development
-Urban roads mile 185/7 667/5 481
-Earth road mile 40/2 283/3 243/1
-concrete bridge - 463 463
-wood bridge - 470 470
-conduit conduit - 87 87
-other bridge - 11 11

Rural Development
-Rural roads mile 150/3 3176/7 3026/4
-Earth road mile 35/2 2566/6 2531/4
-conduit conduit - 68 68
Progress of Border Areas and National Races

Only when the education level of national races in border areas is high, will they have
a wide view of things along with good ideas and be able to play a leading role in the
regional development tasks. The government has been building basic foundations for
regional progress in Naga and Kabaw regions in order to effectively reduce the develop-
ment gap between one region and another. The table shows progress of the border areas
and national races development sector.
Sagaing Division
- Naga region region - 1 1
- Kabaw region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Bridge (large, suspension) bridge - 1/5 1/5

Health care service
Education
Agriculture
-Dam dam - 9 9
-Water supply tasks task - 3 3
-Tractor tractor - 1 1
Forestry
Livestock breeding
Energy
-Towns/village with electricity - 21 21
-Town/village with hydel power - - -
Public relations
Communications
-Post office - 8 8
-Telegraph - 10 10
-Telephone - 5 5
Human Resources
The government established the University for Development of National Races to
bring progress to the Union and to help locals participate in the project for progress of
border areas and national races and to create opportunities for the teachers, produced by
the institute for development of national races, shouldering duties across the nation to
pursue education in the university and to lift their lifestyle by themselves.
The training centres for development of youths are nurturing the youths in such
border regions in Sagaing Division as Kale, Hkamti, Leshi and Lahe. The Institute of
Agriculture has been established in Shwebo to disseminate agricultural methods to local
farmers in the region. The table indicates progress in the field.
Development of the Union and Human Resource Development in
Sagaing Division
University for Development of
National Races university - 1 1
-Number of student student 3147 8905 5758
Cooperatives College college - 1 1
-Number of teacher teacher - 30 30
-Number of student student - 113 113
Youth Development Training School* school - 4 4
Agriculture Institute institute 1 1 -
-Number of teacher teacher 26 26 -
*Youth Development Training School
1. Kale 2.Hkamti
3. Layshi 4. Lahe
Information & Public Relations
The Tatmadaw Government is employing the public mass media to ensure oneness of
the parts of the nation and the national races sharing the same views and outlooks. The
table shows progress of the information sector in the region.
Development in the information and public relations sector of Sagaing Division

-Sub-printing house (Kalay) house - 1 1
Taninthayi Division marching to new

The Union of Myanmar is formed with seven states and seven divisions, in which, all
the national races are living in weal or woe.
It is their family spirit of amity, sympathy, helpfulness, mutual reliance, understanding,
forbearance and mutual interest that has made the nationalities to live in firm unity
without having any regional or ideological discrimination.
It is a loveable Myanmar character that comes out from the family spirit reflecting the
Union which is like a stem with 100 fruits.
At the graduation of the 47th Intake of Defence Services Academy, Chairman of the
State Peace and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Senior
General Than Shwe said, “All the national races born of the same stock of ancestors have
been living through thick and thin in our nation. It has been so long since all the national
races have been enjoying equal rights as citizens right from birth. All the national races
are loyal to the State, and have friendly and good nature, which are also characteristics
of the Myanmar race.”
The Tatmadaw always serves the interest of the Union with loyalty. It views the
nation’s future with sincerity. With generosity, it is exerting all its efforts for progress of
all the states and divisions. And with goodwill, it is erasing all doubts among the nation-
alities and is leading them on the correct way.
At the ceremony to put Thanlwin Bridge (Mawlamyine) the largest and most magnifi-
cent one in Myanmar, into service, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe said, “Since
years ago, the Government has wished to build the bridge that is an auspicious facility
benefiting both the region and the nation. But it could not build the facility sooner
because of many difficulties, especially the financial and technological constraints, that
made it waited for an opportune time.
“Now, the national economy has developed to a certain degree, and the nation has
been gaining more and more expertise after building small, medium and large bridges
step by step till acquiring the technology and ability to build such a large bridge.’’
Scenic beauty of Kawthoung
“Whatever difficulties the nation is facing, the united strength, and the strength, which
comes out from the firm community peace and stability and the rule of law, are of vital
importance for the nation. And the two strengths will enable the nation to overcome all
kinds of difficulties it is facing.”
The developments of Taninthayi Division stand witness to the fact that with the two
strengths, the Tatmadaw manages to build grand bridges one after another in the nation.
Taninthayi Division
Bordering Mon State in the north, Taninthayi Division is the southernmost region of
the Union. On its 16,736-square-mile territory live Bamar, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Shan
and Salon national races. Forming a union within the Union, the division has a population
of about 1,537,000 and, on average, 92 persons are living in every square mile of the
region.
Generally, it can be said a mountainous region, for, the mountain ranges with eleva-
tions reaching up to nearly 3,000 feet stand as a long wall alongside the thin stretch of
plains facing the Andaman’s Sea in the west. Of the many rivers, Dawei, Taninthayi and
Lenya rivers are famous. The coastal sea is dotted with many islands.
Kawthoung archipelago
Agriculture
In the past, Taninthayi Division’s economy relied mainly on rubber plantations. But
now, its agricultural patterns have totally changed. Thanks to the assistance provided by
the government, it is cultivating other species of crops that grow well in the division that
is now producing adequate amount of rice for its population.
Over 400,000 acres of land have been reclaimed, and waterworks and small scale
dams are irrigating over 90,000 acres of crops. Yinwa Dam has been built in Kawthoung
Township, and Anyabya Dam is being built in Dawei Township to irrigate 3,200 acres
of crops.
The Government has been implementing projects to turn Chin State into a major tea-
growing region, Rakhine State into a major pepper-growing region, Mon State into a
major rubber-growing region, Sagaing division into the rice bowl of upper Myanmar, and
Taninthayi Division into an oil bowl. It is laying down long-term plans to meet the
domestic edible oil demand, and has put over 100,000 acres of land under oil palm in the
Taninthayi Division to this date.
Emerging together with the development in oil palm cultivation of the division is the
national entrepreneurs’ tradition of adhering to the Government’s policy and responding
to its goodwill. Vast oil palm farms of the national entrepreneurs are emerging along the
Union Highway in the division. Thus, the division will have an abundant supply of edible
oil and rice and also natural gas from offshore drilling plocks. Rubber and pepper plan-
tations are also being extended in the division. The table has more.
Development in the agriculture sector of Taninthayi Division

Land resource
- Virgin and vacant land acre 926194 733145 193049
Water supply task
- Task under implementation - 1 increase in1
- Task to be carried out - - cultivable land
-
thousand 10282 23747 13465
beans and pulses acre - 6532 6532
Oil palm acreage acre 16878 164375 147497
-Groundnut acre 438 637 199
-Sesame acre 768 1349 581
-Niger acre - 95 95
Oil palm plantation of Taninthayi Division

The Government has been distributing quality strains, feedstuff and medicines and
disseminating techniques to develop the meat and fish sector of the division. Because of
the inclusion of the animal disease prevention project in the drive to promote the sector,
the division's current meat production has increased three times greater than that of the
past. Coastal and deep-sea fishing industry of the region is also gaining progress with
greater momentum. Please see the table to know the exact data.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Taninthayi Division


- Buffalo 94000 132000 38000
- Cow 92000 135000 43000
- Sheep/goat 10000 25000 15000
- Pig 39000 126000 87000
- Chicken 640000 2954000 2314000
- Duck 118000 326000 208000
- Quail - 7000 7000
- Fish breeding pond acre - 324.32 324.32
Prawn export industry

Forest Conservation
Concerning the forestry sector, the Head of State has given guidance, saying, “Failure
to protect and conserve the natural resources will be followed by ill effects in the long
run. Destruction of forest resources will lead to destruction of land and water resources.
Thus, it is important for all of us to conserve and protect them for long-term interest,
instead of viewing only the short-term interest.”
In accord with the guidance, greater efforts are being made to conserve and protect the
division’s forest resources for their everlasting existence. Over 2,000 square miles of
wildlife parks have been set up in the region. The table shows the development of forest
plantation and conservation in the division with the participation of the local people.
Development in the forestry sector of Taninthayi Division

Protected public forest sq/mile - 356.61 356.61
(in Million) 0.01 5.02 5.01
Timber and timber products (kyat in million) 281.09 330.25 49.16
Road Transport
Rakhine State and Taninthayi Division were called backward coastal regions in the
past due to their geographical conditions. Both are thin stretches of land lying between
the mountain ranges and the sea. Thus, they lacked development in the past.
The Tatmadaw Government has been able to beautify and develop all regions whether
their geographical conditions are of the same type or not. It is building roads and bridges
in every region.
The Government is like a gardener nurturing every plant in the garden to become
beautiful with blossoming flowers. Thanks to a network of roads and bridges, the division
now is easily reachable from other states and divisions. There is now easy access by road
from Putao in the northern point of the Union to Kawthoung in Taninthayi Division at
the southern tip.
Dawei-Myeik-Thanithayi-Bokpyin-Kawthoung road has become an all-weather facil-
ity. The division now has over 740 miles of motor roads including over 436 miles of
tarred roads. The present length of roads is 343 miles and two furlongs longer than that
of the past.
In addition to the Union Highway passing through the division, 14 over-180 bridges
have emerged in it. Of them seven have been covered by special projects. The famous
bridges in the division are: the 500-foot Winwa Bridge in Thayetchaung Township, the
500-foot Palauk Bridge and the 600-foot Palaw Bridge in Palaw Township, the 3,612-
foot Kywegu-Kyaukphya Bridge and the 810-foot Pathoung Bridge in Myeik Township,
the 1,360-foot Taninthayi Bridge in Taninthayi Township, and 860-foot Lenya-Mandaing
Bridge in Bokpyin Township. The railroad which ended in Ye in Mon State in the past
has been extended to Dawei in the division that is 102.38 miles from Ye. Ye- Dawei
railroad was launched in March 1998. Airports in Kawthoung and Myeik have been
upgraded to become facilities that can handle landing and taking off of passenger jets.
Four more wharves have been erected in the division. The division bordering Thailand
in the east and touching the sea in the west is enjoying sound transport development. In
future, the Asian highway and the ASEAN highway will pass through the region.
The table stands witness to the transport development of the division during the time
of the Tatmadaw Government.
Development in the transportation sector of Taninthayi Division
Railways
- miles of railroad mile - 87.47 87.47
- miles of railtrack mile - 95.68 95.68
- passenger 1X1000 - 35.5 35.5
- passenger/mile mile - 1894.4 1894.4
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 0.5 4.5 4
- Goods/mile mile - 186.9 186.9
- Station station - 20 20
Airways
-Airfield field 4 6 2
Jetty (Inland) jetty 7 11 4
- tarred road mile 213/0 436/1 223/1
- earth road mile 43/0 74/5 28/5

Bridge
- Public Works
-completed bridge bridge 142 203 61
*Seven above 180 feet bridges built under special project
1. Winwa Bridge (Thayetchaung) 5. Pathaung Bridge (Myeik) (Military engineering)
2. Palauk Bridge (Palaw) 6. Taninthayi Bridge (Taninthayi)
3. Palaw Bridge (Palaw) 7. Laynyamandaing Bridge (Bokpyin)
4. Kyweku-Kyaukpya Bridge( Myeik) **One bridge under construction
1. Heinne Bridge (Yepyu)
Communication Sector
Taninthayi Division is prospering together with other sister states and divisions like a
tree thriving in a garden called the Union. The table indicates the development of the
communication sector of the division where the national brethren have been living in unity.
Development in the communication sector of Taninthayi Division
Facsimile - 28 28
Telephone
-exchange 6 23 17
-direct line 469 4980 4511
-auto radio phone - 54 54
Rural telephone
exchange - 6 6
Email/Internet - 2 2
Satellite station
-DOMSAT - - -
VSAT - 1 1
-iPSTAR - 9 9
Line extension of auto telephone department under implementation
1. Myeik 2000 lines
Electricity
Although it is rich in land and water resources, Taninthayi Division was like an
ordinary flower without any hue throughout the past eras, as there was no one to develop
the region.
It has started to shine since the Tatmadaw Government’s assumption of the State
duties. Now it will add beauty to the Union. Up to 1988, the division had only 0.154-
megawatt Myitnge hydel power station. But after 1988, the Government built the 0.15-
megawatt Kattalu hydel power station and the 0.192-megawatt Yetagon Creek hydel
power station in the division.
Soon, the 600-megawatt Taninthayi River hydel power plant, the 25-megawatt
Theinkhun Creek hydel power station and the 20-megawatt Thakyet Creek hydel power
station will emerge in the division. The hydel power stations of the division will serve
as the nation’s strength in the future. Table F will tell the reader more about the electric-
ity sector development of the region.
Development in the electric power sector of Taninthayi Division
- Completed hydel power plant* plant 1 3 2
-Small (up to 1 megawatt) plant 1 3 2
Project under implementation** project - 3 3
Other power plants
-Steam plant - - -
-Coal plant - - -
*Completed hydel power plant **Hydel power projects under implementation
1. Myitnge (1988) 0.154 megawatt (small) 1. Taninthayi 600 megawatt (heavy)
2. Kattalu 0.150 megawatt (small) 2. Thakyetchaung 20 megawatt (heavy)
3. Yetagunchaung 0.192 megawatt (small) 3. Theinkunchaung 25 megawatt (heavy)
Industry
The industrial development pace of Taninthayi Division is gaining speed as the gov-
ernment encourages the efforts to realize the goal. Although there are just 19 enterprises
in Myeik industrial zone, the investment has hit K 593.9 million, with a production value
of over US$ 9 million and K 633.26 million. The number of factories related to marine
resources, minerals, rubber and oil palm is likely to rise. Even now, the number of private
factories has increased to 489 apart from existing 72 cottage industries and 12 State-
owned factories. The table shows industrial development of the division.
Development in the industrial sector of Taninthayi Division
Industries - 19 19
State-owned industry plant - 12 12

Taninthayi Division also consists of Pale Yadana Myay or pearl land. After 1988, the
production of pearls has increased by 105,470.57 momme as pearl centres are now seven
in number. The production of tin and tungsten reached 447.29 metric tons. The discovering
of coal reserve resulted in the production of 119,162.83 metric tons of coal. The sand
used for making of glass was found, and such kind of sand was produced 9,734.38 metric
tons.
Energy
In the time of the Tatmadaw government, all the states and divisions in the Union are
developing to an extent that it is difficult to say whose progress is greater than whose.
All the flowers are now blooming as a result of the goodwill of the gardener whose
wishes are to enable all the flowers to be in full bloom.
There have now emerged off-shore oil fields as if it seemed to be possible to create an
aphorism that would go “Mottama is famous for Yadana, Taninthayi for Yetagon, and
Rakhine Offshore for gold”. They are in fact the treasure bequeathed by ancestors to
posterity. It will not be wrong to assume that these gas fields guarantee inexhaustible
exploitation till many a generation to come. Encouraging are the development in energy in
Taninthayi Division in the time of the Tatmadaw government. They are shown in the table.
Development in the energy sector of Taninthayi Division


Oilfield (offshore) field - 1 1
Length of gas pipeline mile - 208.15 208.15
- on shore mile - 40.15 40.15
- offshore (under water) mile - 126.00 126.00
- offshore (on ground) mile - 42.00 42.00
Crude oil production barrel - 2792723 2792723
Natural gas production cubic feet - 102293.85 102293.85
Rig No- 1 of Yadana Oilfield lies offshore Taninthayi Coast

Education
For a nation, education is the best means of investment. With this end in view, the
Tatmadaw government is taking measures to promote the level of education in Taninthayi
Division.
“The task for the establishment of a modern and developed nation that can face the
challenges likely to arise in future is based on the development of human resources.
After drawing up a special plan for promotion of national education, measures are
being taken to develop human resources as well-rounded individuals essential for the
country”, said Head of State Senior General Than Shwe at the Annual General Meeting
of Union Solidarity and Development Association on 19-2-2002.
Progress made in the past and the present in the education drive to ensure equal
learning opportunity in Taninthayi Division can be seen in the table.
Myeik Degree College

Development in the education sector of Taninthayi Division

- Preprimary school
-Institute, school, education college college 1 1 upgrading
-Number of trainee trainee - 1321 1321

School dropout rate
- College - 1 1

In the past, Yangon was the only place to pursue engineering. The same thing can be
said of computer science. The number of students admitted to the then universities and
institutes was limited. There were those whose dreams were broken for various reasons.
Now, the doors to education are kept open to all in every favourable places. The govern-
ment has helped the young in Taninthayi Division to enable them to have easy access to
the branches of education like science and technology. They can be seen in the table.
Development in the science and technology sector of Taninthayi Division
- Government Technological College (Dawei) college - 1 1
- Government Technological College (Myeik) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Dawei) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Myeik) college - 1 1
Health
In this age, health has been given top priority. Hospitals are being built and upgraded
across the country to carry out health care on an extensive scale.
A new 200-bed hospital was built in the region, and the 100-bed hospital upgraded
into the 200-bed one. Moreover, three 50-bed hospitals were also opened there, alongside
nine station hospitals and two rural health centres.
Another 121 specialists and assistant doctors were employed there. Now, the region
has 952 medical staff, up from 503 in the past. A traditional medicine hospital was also
opened there to give treatment with traditional medicines. Now, the traditional medicine
dispensaries are eight in number. Apart from the existing midwifery school, a nursing
school was also constructed with the aim of producing more nurses within the region.
Efforts are under way to bring about economic growth and social advancement in the
region. The figures related to the health sector of the region are stated in the table.
Development in the health sector of Tanithayi Division

Specialist hospital hospital - -
Teaching hospital hospital - - -
- 100-bed hospital 2 1 -(1)
-16-bed hospital 11 5 -(6)
200-bed specialist hospital in Myeik
Development Affairs
With the growing economic and social infrastructures, Taninthayi Division has be-
come a developed region. The gradual development of the living standard of local people
can be seen in the table.
Development in the development affairs sector of Taninthayi Division

Urban development
- Granite road mile 28/0 - upgrading

- concrete bridge - 516 516
- wood bridge - 187 187
- other bridge - 9 9
Rural Development
-Granite road mile 17/5 1/3 upgrading
-Earth road mile 65/0 182/4 117/4
Development of Border Areas and National Races

The sustainable development of the whole Union is directly proportionate to regional
stability. In this age, the prospect of development has no longer been concerned with the
geographical remoteness of a particular area. It is the rule of law and order as well as
regional stability that can bring with it prosperity. The government wants every region
to enjoy equitable development. Therefore, it is working hard to leave a good legacy
behind, a peaceful, tranquil, and developed nation.
The Tatmadaw government has thus added Taninthayi Division to the zones covered
in the development project. In the table are the endeavours the Tatmadaw government
has made in Taninthayi Division.

Taninthayi Division

- Taninthayi region region - 1 1
Road and bridge
-Earthern road mile - 251/2 251/2
-Bridge (large, small) bridge - 8/7 8/7
Health care service
Education
-Highschool school - 4 4
Agriculture
Energy
-Towns/village - 1 1
Public relations
Expendit ure kyat (in million) - 2956.09 2956.09
Taninthayi Bridge in Taninthayi region

“Only the efforts made not with inapplicable wishes but with the genuine goodwill
that came out from the bottom of the heart will receive the return of same thing from the
public”, the Head of State gave guidance. In line with the guidance, steps are being taken
to promote the information sector of Taninthayi Division in the march towards a consoli-
dated new nation.
The table shows measures being taken for regional development.
Taninthayi Division

Bago Division marching to new

The nation-building task is a non-stop endeavour that should be handed down from
one generation to another and should be implemented with all-out efforts. For a devel-
oping country like Myanmar, it is a colossal task covering every sector and corner of the
nation.
The entire Myanmar community needs unity. In the same manner, the entire Union
needs peace and stability, a strong national force, sound economic foundations in every
sector, and assistance to enhance economic and social power.
There was also the most dire need of all the needs the nation was facing in 1988.
During the time, the colonialist wolves were waiting for an opportunity to break up
the Union into pieces, and the opportunists were ready to move in to exploit the nation.
In the minds of the entire national people was none other than the Tatmadaw which
constantly stood by them in times of emergency, and that was its fine historic tradition.
Hence, the Tatmadaw had to take over the State duties since then to attend to the many
needs of the people in discharging the historic duty.
At the Special Meeting of the Union Solidarity and Development Association held on
19 February 2002, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe said, “It is not for nothing
that we are now in the present position in the country. We are working day and night as
best we could for the emergence of a peaceful, modern, developed nation. It can be
achieved not by words but by practical deeds. We are fully aware that there can be
difficulties and obstacles ahead. There are a lot of disturbances from inside and outside
the country. Against all the odds, we are working because of our love of the nation. If
there are no disturbances and obstacles, the pace and development of the nation will be
quicker and so will the work to build a democratic nation.’’
It is just 16 years since the Government has started the national development drive.
But within a short span of time, the nation can stand tall, achieving success after success
in various sectors, and all the states and divisions are playing their own role in the march
towards golden land in unity and amity.
On 5 February 2004, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance on
development tasks in Mawlamyine, saying, “The Government has been providing assist-
ance for progress of all the regions of the Union. Economic development in all the states
and divisions will lead to developing the national economy. Ardent efforts for regional
and national development are a must.’’
“All the states and divisions are in the process of developing themselves more and
more. Only if the individuals strive to develop themselves and their own communities,
will the nation be able to continue its development drive well. As the onus is on the
present generation for the betterment of the new generations, all must be dutiful.”
The whole Union is invigorated with new energy thanks to the encouragement given
to shine all the regions. And it is the sincere efforts of the Tatmadaw Government that
have beautified and developed Bago Division where large stretches of paddy fields and
a number of magnificent bridges have emerged. Now, I will present the situation of the
past and present of Bago Division.
Bago Division
Lying in the south portion of the central plains of Myanmar, Bago Division is sharing
a common land border with Magway and Mandalay Divisions in the north, Kayin and
Mon states in the east, Yangon Division in the south and Rakhine State and Ayeyawady
Division in the west. The 24,793-square-mile region is home to Kayin, Bamar, Mon,
Chin, Rakhine, Shan and Pa-O national races living in unity since yore. A union within
the Union, its population is 5,555,000 and its population density is 224 persons per
square mile.
Except Bago Yoma, a mountain range, running from north to south in the central part
of the division, its eastern and western regions are plains. Ayeyawady River flows in the
western part, and Sittoung and Bago rivers in the east.
Zaungtu Dam in Bago Township

Agriculture
With innovative efforts, the Government has been adding value to land and water resources.
It is building regulating dams to prevent floods, and reservoirs to irrigate crops. It is developing
the division to become a reliable agricultural region of the nation.
Of the 3.1 million acres of crops fields of the division, 40 dams and 55 waterworks are
irrigating 1.5 million acres. Up to this day, the nation has built Natmaw Dam, irrigating 8,000
acres of land, and Shwedaung Dam, irrigating 1,200 acres of land, in Shwedaung Township,
Singuchaung-gaung Dam, irrigating 1,500 acres of land, in Okpo Township, Taungmauk and
Kyeepin dams in Padaung Township, two dams by the same name ‘South Nawin Dam’ irrigating
67,000 acres of land, in Paukkhaung Township, Minye Dam, irrigating 2,000 acres of land, and
Sittoung Dam, irrigating 7,000 acres of land, in Ottwin Township, Mataungta Dam, irrigating
10,520 acres of land, in Pyay Township, Seikphutaung and Kanni dams, each irrigating 2,000
acres of land, in Toungoo Township, Yebo Dam, irrigating 2,000 acres of land, and Taungnyo
Dam, irrigating 50,000 acres of land, in Nattalin Township, Zalathtaw Dam, irrigating 2,000 acres
of land, Mazin Dam, irrigating 6,500 acres of land, Shwepyi 3 Dam, irrigating 1,250 acres of
land, Zaungtu Dam, irrigating 36,250 acres of land, and Pathi Dam, irrigating 4,000 acres of land,
in Bago Township, Ngamwechaung Dam, irrigating 500 acres of land, in Phyu Township, Bawni
Dam, irrigating 6,000 acres of land, in DaikU Township, Weigyi Dam, irrigating 45,000 acres of
land, in Paungde Township, Maungkaing Dam, irrigating 3,000 acres of land, in Pandaung Town-
ship, Kangyigon Dam, irrigating 1,400 acres of land, in Pyay Township, Thedaw Dam, irrigating
12,000 acres of land, Letpadan Township, Shangaing Dam, irrigating 25,000 acres of land, in
Waw Township, Hswachaung Dam, irrigating 35,000 acres of land, in Yedashe Township, Thonze
Dam, irrigating 50,000 acres of land, in Thayawady Township, Paingkyone Dam, irrigating
30,000 acres of land, in Kawa Township, Bawbin Dam, irrigating 30,000 acres of land, in
Gyobingauk Township, Kantinbilin Dam, irrigating 25,000 acres of land, in Minhla Township,
Kawliya Dam, irrigating 24,500 acres of land, in DaikU Township, Tawa Dam, irrigating 32,000
acres of land, in Thanatpin Township, Alaingni Dam, irrigating 10,000 acres of land, in Bago
Township, Gamon and Minhla dams, each irrigating 15,000 acres of land, in Okpo, Chaungmagyi
(Myohla) Dam, irrigating 3,000 acres of land, in Yedashe Township, Shwehla Dam, irrigating
35,000 acres of land, in Kawa Township, and Khawa Dam, irrigating 2,000 acres of land, in
Padaung Township.
Fifty-five river water pumping stations, 12,063 small dams and 7,093 tube-wells have also
been built in the division. The irrigation facilities have doubled the double-cropping of paddy to
over 1.5 million acres. The division has put 550,00 acres of land under monsoon paddy and
175,000 acres of land under summer paddy. The division is producing food more than twice the
amount of local consumption. It is distributing half the amount of its rice production to other
regions.
Beans and pulses cultivation is showing encouraging signs. The division is cultivating about
1.3 million acres of beans and pulses, over 300,000 acres of edible oil crops, and nearly 50,000
acres of rubber, which has ready markets abroad.
But the prospering Bago Division and its energetic people are not content with the present
developments. The land has natural resources, manpower and bright prospects. The Tatmadaw
Government has been helping people get available land and water resources ready for use.
Yenwe Dam, which will irrigate 118,500 acres of crops, in Kyauktaga Township, Pyuchaung
Dam, which will irrigate 120,000 acres of crops, in Pyu Township, Khaboung Dam, which will
irrigate 135,000 acres of crops, in Ottwin Township, and Moeyungyi Dam, which will irrigate
40,000 acres of crops, in Waw Township are under construction at present. The table shows the
developing agricultural sector of the division.
Development in the agriculture sector of Bago Division

Land resource
- Virgin and vacant land acre 634893 319576 (-)315317
Water supply task
- dam, lake, reservoir, drain - - 140 44
- Task to be carried out - - -
- Benefited acres 890748 1931218 1140470
Tubewells - 709 709
-Benefited acre - 8329 8329
thousand 131181 196455 65274
Jute acreage acre - 13585 13585
Maize acreage acre - 5342 5342
edible oil crop
-Groundnut acre - 145498 145498
-Sesame acre - 161526 161526
-Sunflower acre - 56748 56748
-Mustard acre 204 645 441
-Niger acre 3869 3932 54
Dams under construction
1. Yenwe 118500 acres (Kyauktaga) 3.Kabaung 135000 acres (Ottwin)
2. Pyuchaung 120000 acres (Pyu) 4. Moeywingyi 40000 acres (Waw)
Wakadok (Moeywingyi supporting)
Swachaung Dam in Yedashe Township, Bago Division
Waigyi Dam in Paungde Township, Bago Division


Once, the Head of State gave guidance, saying, “All will have to pay special attention
to development of other economic sectors in harmony with the agricultural development.
As the Government is running the agricultural and livestock breeding industry, assistance
should also be provided for the private sector to participate in it.”
In accord with the guidance, the division is developing its fish and meat sector. It is
raising over seven million heads of buffaloes, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, duck and chicken
and extending fish and prawn farms. The table stands witness to the progress of the
livestock and fisheries sector of the division.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Bago Division

- Buffalo 198000 262000 64000
- Cow 1058000 1289000 231000
- Sheep/goat 17000 37000 20000
- Pig 365000 524000 159000
- Chicken 5277000 10930000 5653000
- Duck 1757000 2820000 1063000
- Production 1X100000 10.02 485.13 675.11
- Fish release 1X100000 2.15 352.35 350.20
- Sale 1X100000 7.52 332.78 325.26
Fingerlings released into Ayeyawady river 1X100000 - 101.50 101.50
Forest conservation
Land, water and climate are the nation’s basic natural resources. In accord with the
guidance, which said, “We must conserve and protect our forests as their destruction will
damage the soil and water that will cause adverse changes in the climate”, the division
is conserving and protecting forests and establishing forest plantations.
Local people are also conserving and protecting forests and planting trees in their
communities. The table indicates the development of the division's forestry sector.
Development in the forestry sector of Bago Division


Reserved forest sq/mile 5180 5272 92
Natural land area sq/mile - 40 40
(in Million) 0.50 18.89 18.39
Bago mountain range
greening works
-Firewood plantation acre - 90 90
-Thitseint plantation acre - 200 200
-Natural forest conservation acre - 2000 2000
Firewood substitute fuel
-Stove - 1200 1200
-Briquette - 200000 200000
-Recycling of agricultural waste ton - 350 350
-Timber and timber products kyat in million 1961 3476.49 1515.49
Road and Transport

Although it is a central region, Bago Division lacked wide and smooth roads till 1988.
The 354-mile six-lane Yangon-Mandalay Highway Project covers Bago Division as the
highway passes through the region.
The Government has upgraded the Yangon-Pyay-Magway road, Phayagyi-Thaton road
and Pyay-Aunglan road, and expanded the Letpadan-Hinthada road and Pyay-Paukkhaung-
Toungoo road.
Preparations have now started to lay the Asian, ASEAN and transnational highways
that will pass through the division in the future.
In addition to Ayeyawady and Sittoung rivers, other creeks and small rivers are also
flowing in the region. Thus, a number of bridges large and small are being built in the
division. The Nawade Bridge in Pyay is the first Ayeyawady River bridge built by the
Tatmadaw Government. Located on Pyay-Sinde road, the 4,183-foot facility was com-
missioned into service in 1997. The government used K 833.17 million and US $ 8.685
million to build the facility that is now helping develop the west bank of the Ayeyawady.
Nawade Bridge spanning Ayeyawady River was constructed in Bago Division. Like-
wise, the 1500-foot-long Sittoung Bridge spanning Sittoung River was also constructed
to link the region with Nyaunglebin, Shwegyin, and Madauk.
A total of 16 bridges with the length of 180 feet and above, including Nawade and
Sittoung Bridges, were opened in the region in the time of the Tatmadaw government.
There also emerged in the region such bridges as Myitmakha Bridge which is 1,520 feet
long on Letpadan-Hinthada Road in Letpadan Township, Khabaung Bridge on Yangon-
Mandalay Highway in Taungoo Township, Kadokchaung and Kawliya Bridges in DaikU
Township, Pyu Creek Bridge in Pyu Township, Yenwe Creek Bridge, Baingda Bridge
and Kwinchaung Bridge in Nyaunglebin Township, Bago River-crossing Bridge in Bago
Township, Wetpok Bridge on Yangon-Pyay Road in Thegon Township, and Thaikchaung
Bridge and Bamaung Bridge on Pyay-Paukkhaung-Taungoo Road in Paukkhaung Town-
ship.
Kawa bridge which is 400 feet in length is being constructed across Bago River in
Kawa Township. Arrangements are under way to build Sittoung bridge (Natthankwin)
on Penwegon-Kyaukkyi Road and another Bago river-crossing bridge in the region. The
emergence of a network of roads and bridges in the region will strengthen the Union in
other way.
Like motor roads, railroads are also being constructed and upgraded in the region.
Now, the east Bago Yoma has been linked with the west Bago Yoma by railroad. A
railroad linking Pyay, Aunglan, Taungdwingyi, Kyaukpadaung, Bagan and Myingyan
was also constructed. Therefore, its surrounding areas will soon boom in trade.
The new railroads constructed in Bago Division are shown in the table.
Development in the transportation sector of Bago Division

Railways
- passenger 1X1000 5024.0 5356.5 332.5
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 87.4 136.8 49.4
- Goods/mile mile 10087.6 17259.7 7172.1
Airways
- hard road mile 80/0 149/5 69/5
- earth road mile 4/0 103/0 99
Bridge
- Public Works
- under construction bridge - 1 1
Three above 180 feet bridges built under One bridge under construction
special projects 1. Kawa bridge (Kawa)
1. Nawade bridge (Pyay) (Ayeyawady river crossing) Three bridges to be built
2. Khabaung bridge (Toungoo) 1. Sittoung bridge (Natthangwin)
3. Sittoung (Shwegyin-Madauk) 2. Bago bridge (Circular road)
3. Bago bridge (Urban road)
Nawaday Bridge (Pyay) in Pyay Township, Bago Division
With the length of 1500 feet, Sittoung Bridge(Shwegyin-Madauk) lies on

Nyaunglebin-Madauk-Shwegyin Road
Communications
With socio-economic life enjoying a quantum leap throughout the country, steps are
being taken to ensure a parallel development in the communication sector. “Communi-
cation and transport are central to economic growth. A better transport system should be
carried out to boost economy”. They are the success achieved in the efforts to develop
the communication and transport sector of Bago Division. In the table, figures are shown
in comparison with the conditions in 1988 and those at the present.
Development in the communication sector of Bago Division


Facsimile 2 72 70
Telephone
-exchange 30 70 40
-direct line 3841 22587 18746
Rural telephone
exchange - 32 32
Line extension of auto phone exchange department Local auto phone exhcange
(under implementation) (under implementation)
1. Gyobinkauk 500 lines 1. Shwegyin 500 lines
2. Nattalin 500 lines 2. Thanatpin 500 lines
3. Paungde 500 lines Total 1000 lines
4. Zigon 500 lines
Total 2000 lines
DECT Telephone project first phase (under implementation)
Bago (East) 1000 lines
Electricity
The Union of Myanmar did not merely bear over 100 national races. She also be-
queathed her offspring with hilly regions, mountain ranges, valleys, coasts, rivers and
creeks, wetland, sea, and islands.
‘The eldest son is responsible to assume the duty of father’, so goes a Myanmar
saying. Now, the Tatmadaw is assuming that duty and doing its best to preserve and
better what has been left on its shoulders.
Untapped energy is exploited and put into use. Thus, Zaungtu Hydel Power Project
came into being in Bago Division. There was no hydel power station in the region till
1988. Power Grid and diesel-powered factories were then the reliable things.
The Bago River is well-known because of Zaungtu multi-purpose project. And Zaungtu
Dam can feed over 36,000 acres of farmland with irrigation water. It can also prevent the
floods in Bago and its vicinity. It also generates 20 megawatts of electricity.
Other hydel power projects like Zaungtu are under way to place them in service of
national interests. They are Shwegyin (75 megawatts), Kun Creek (60 megawatts), Pyu
Creek (40 megawatts), Khabaung (30 megawatts), and Yenwe (25 megawatts). They will
produce 230 megawatts of electricity in total.
Sandalwood cannot be found in every forest, just as ruby cannot be found in every
mountain, so goes a saying. In the time of the Tatmadaw government, arrangements are
being made to establish at least one hydel power in every state and division. Now, Bago
Division is in the prospect of producing more electricity. The contrast of development
between the past and the present in Bago Division can be seen in Table.
Zaungtu hydel power plant in Bago Division

Development in the electric power sector of Bago Division

- Completed hydel power plant plant - 1 1
-Installed power megawatt - 20.000 20.000
Project under implementation project - 5 5
Other power plants
-Steam plant - - -
-Natural gas plant 1 1 -
-Coal plant - 1 1
-Diesel-used plant plant 21 16 national grid
Completed hydel power plant Completed natural gas-fired plant
1. Zaungtu 20 megawatt (heavy) 1.Shwedaung 55.35 megawatt (heavy)
1988
Hydel power project under implementation
1. Yenwe 25 megawatt (heavy)
2 Phyuchaung 40 megawatt (heavy)
3. Khabaung 30 megawatt (heavy)
4. Kunchaung 60 megawatt (heavy)
5. Shwegyin 75 megawatt (heavy)
Industry
‘Efforts are to be made to transform the country into an industry based on agriculture’.
In line with the guideline, encouragement has been given to the industrial development
in Bago Division. Nowadays, Pyay Industrial Zone in Bago Division has contained 166
enterprises with an investment of K 507.74 million. The zone’s production value has hit
K 424.65 million.
In the industrial sector, the involvement of the private sector is getting higher in ratio.
With private-owned factories close to 3,000, the zone has 4,709 factories in total. The
cottage industries are 484 in number while the State-owned factories are 106. Data are
shown in the table.
Development in the industrial sector of Bago Division

State-owned industry plant - 106 106
Metal Bearing Plant in Indagaw Industrial Zone in Bago Division
Mineral resources
Bago Division can be said to be a gold mine in the golden land. In the past, there was
only a gold mine in the region. But, the number has now increased to 11. In 1988, the
region could produce just 9.52 troy-ounce of gold, but now it can produce 78.24 troy-
ounce of gold. Asbestos was discovered and has been produced 326.87 metric ton.
Energy
Crude oil, also called black gold, can also be produced in Bago Division. Natural gas
is being exploited on a greater scale at Pyay oil field. A pipeline with a length of 173.20
miles has also been laid to distribute natural gas. The natural gas will contribute much
to the drive for the replacement of diesel or petrol cars with Compressed Natural Gas
(CNG) kits. Progress is shown in the table.
Development in the energy sector of Bago Division

Oilfield (onshore) Pyay field 3 1 completed
Length of gas pipeline mile 119.50 173.2 53.70
A CNG Station
Education
The promotion of education is of vital importance for the lasting existence and stabil-
ity of a race. Students are being nurtured to become educated persons who will serve the
interests of the country in the future.
As part of the efforts to ensure constant learning, there have been opened 578 primary
schools, 119 middle schools, and 132 high schools in Bago Division. Two more arts and
science universities and one more degree college were also opened there, given the vast
area of the region. As a result, the number of students of basic education has reached nearly
800,000, while that of students of higher education has exceeded 60,000. It is therefore
encouraging to see in the table the growing number of students in Bago Division.
Pyay University
Development in the education sector of Bago Division

- Preprimary school
-Education college college 3 2 Transfer
School enrolement rate percent 67.99 97.22 29.23

School dropout rate
- Degree college - 1 1
- College 2 2 -

A technological university was opened in Pyay, which is a strategic place, in order to
produce engineers and computer scientists. A technological college and a computer col-
lege were also constructed in Pyay and Toungoo. Now, they are nurturing educated
youths. This being the case, technocrats capable of constructing simultaneously 100
bridges similar to Nawade Bridge in form and size will gain in number.
The table shows progress at present and in 1988.
Development in the science and technology sector of Bago Division

Institute of Technology institute - 1 1
Institute of Technology (Pyay) institute - 1 1
- Government Technological College (Toungoo) college - 1 1
- Government Technological College (Pyay) college - 1 1
-Number of courses course 3 7 4
- Government Computer College (Toungoo) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Pyay) college - 1 1

Health
District-level hospitals are staffed with specialists who will give lectures on six
specializations, and state- and division-level hospitals with specialists who will give
lectures on 12 specializations to provide public health care on a greater scale.
Now, Bago Division possesses two 200-bed hospitals, one 150-bed hospital, two 100-
bed hospitals, 17 25-bed hospitals, four 16-bed hospitals, and 52 station hospitals. The
total number has seen an increase of 25 hospitals when compared with that of 1988.
Besides 199 health centres, there also emerged another 16 health centres. The region also
now has one traditional medicine hospital and 26 dispensaries.
A total of 2,545 health staff including 399 specialists and assistant doctors have been
employed in the region. In the past, the region had only two midwifery schools. Now,
the region gets two more nursing schools.
The table indicates progress in the health sector.
200- bed Specialist Hospital in Pyay, Bago Division

Development in the health sector of Bago Division


- 50-bedhospital 4 4 -
- 25-bedhospital 6 17 11
-16-bedhospital 14 4 upgrading
- Nursenurse 258 607 349
- Traditional medicine clinic clinic 8 26 18
Development Affairs
Among the historic projects of the country are urban and rural development projects.
Success has been achieved in these projects as a result of the combined efforts made by
the government and the people.
In the past, rural areas lagged behind in development. Even cities lacked urban char-
acteristics. However in the time of the Tatmadaw government, there emerged roads
linking one village and the other, one town and the other, and one district and the other.
The table shows the achievements gained in the urbanization tasks being carried out in
Bago Division.
Development in the development affairs sector of Bago Division

Urban development
-Earth road mile 155/0 174/1 19/1
Rural Development
-Rural roads mile 445/6 3024/2 2578/4
-Earth road mile 94/1 2173/0 2078/7

In accord with the guideline— to make the general public realize the policies and
objectives of the State, the information sector is being implemented to enable it to take
full shape.
Efforts are being made for the extension of TV retransmission stations and the opening
of libraries in all areas down to villages. The tasks being undertaken for the information
sector of Bago Division are shown in the table.

Bago Division

Shwewartun Hotel, Bago Division

Magway Division marching to new

Thanks to the endeavours of the Myanmar national races, the country has the shining
periods in her history. History has seen the emergence of the First Myanmar Empire in
Bagan period, the Second Myanmar Empire in Toungoo period and the Third Myanmar
Empire in Konboung period. All were powerful and strong empires, endowed with three
strengths — the strength of unity, the economic strength and the military might. During
the periods, the national races strictly adhered to the moral conduct and possessed strong
national spirit.
The people were able to ward off all the enemies of the nation coming from abroad
or within the nation. The people also had the amazing strength to rebuild the nation
whenever it had faced deterioration. The victories of the people throughout the history
stand witness to the fact.
At the conclusion of the Myanmar Affairs and International Studies course on 3 July
2004, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe said, “We can clearly know all the
significant events of the nation and her main requirements if we study her past, observe
her present-day events and foresee her future. If a citizen takes part in the task of
attending to the nation’s needs in person, with constructive attitude, while knowing all
the events occurred or are occurring in the country, we can say he is dutiful in discharg-
ing the national duty. Dutiful citizens with high conviction are the nation’s strength.”
The nation has been achieving success after success, with the united strength of the
Government, the Tatmadaw and the people, in entering a new age, with bright prospects.
Since its assumption of the State duties, the Tatmadaw has been giving priority to build-
ing agricultural, transport and communication, education and health infrastructures re-
quired for the national modernization and development drive. As the country is witness-
ing infrastructure development in every sector, she is in the process of generating more
electricity and producing extra oil to further raise her dignity.
During his visit to Magway Division on 22 December 2004, Head of State Senior
General Than Shwe gave guidance, saying, “The Government has been paying special
attention to launching the national development drive for simultaneous development of
Magway Division and all other states and divisions and the border areas and to narrow
the gap between one region and another soonest. As as result, the nation has seen pro-
portionate progress in all the regions.
“The Government is launching the development drive covering all parts of the nation
despite many difficulties it is facing. It is carrying out the task with the conviction of
developing the nation and the race.
“The developments are the result of united and cooperative efforts of the Government
and the people. And the national developments stand witness to the fact that unity is
success. The Government, the people and the Tatmadaw should continue to safeguard
and build the nation with harmonious efforts.”
Both the history and the present-day developments prove that unity is success. With
its many developments resulting from the successful endeavours of the Government, the
people and the Tatmadaw, Magway Division proudly declares that unity is strength.
Magway Division
Located in the central part of the nation, Magway Division is sharing a common land
border with Sagaing Division in the north, Mandalay Division in the east, Bago Division
in the south, and Chin and Rakhine states in the west. The 17,306-square-mile division
is home to various national races including Bamar, Chin, Rakhine, Kayin and Shan. As
it has a population of 5,118,000, its population density is 296 persons per square mile.
Ayeyawady River has formed large stretches of plains along its course in the division.
Its other regions are mountainous. Over 3,000-foot high Ponnya range runs from north
to south in the north-east sector. Minbu and Taungdwingyi plains are the largest in the
division, where a number of creeks including the Yaw, the Salin, the Mone and the Mann
are flowing.
Mone Creek Dam in Sedoktara Township, Magway Division

Agriculture
In the past, Magway Division and some of its surrounding areas were known as the
arid region. Later they were called the dry region. The Tatmadaw Government has been
developing Magway Division to help it enjoy prosperity and adequate amount of water
supply for multi purposes. With goodwill, the Government has made efforts to ensure
abundant supply of water for the division. It has beautified the division's landscape and
built irrigation facilities for success of its agriculture. The phrase “a cluster of dams” is
popular in the division after 1988.
Three new dams in the division — the Kinbuntaung in Taungdwingyi Township, the
Salepakhannge in Chauk Township, and the Duringabo in Aunglan Township — now
irrigating 20,800 acres of land in 1991. The Government has been building more dams
in the division including Bokchaung Dam in Myothit Township, Pwetha Dam in Aunglan
Township, Theechauk Dam in Pauk Township and Myaingchaung Dam in Myaing Town-
ship in 1992, Gazunma Dam in Seikphyu Township and Taungkhayan Dam in Gangaw
Township in 1993, Hsinchaung Dam in Yesagyo Township in 1994, Natmauk Diversion
Dam and Natmauk Dam in Natmauk Township in 1995, Bangon Dam in Taungdwingyi
Township in 1996, Yaw Creek Dam 2 in Pauk Township in 1997, Hsadan Dam in
Myothit Township and Mann Creek Dam in Ngaphe Township in 1998, Ngamin Dam in
Taungdwingyi Township in 1999, and South Yama Dam in Myaing Township in 2000.
Kyetmauk and Leti dams in Myaing Township, Yanpe Dam in Taungdwingyi Township,
Sunchaung and Palin dams in Myothit Township, Salin Dam in Salin Township, Naga
Dam in Yenangyoung Township, Kyauktaga Dam in Natmauk Township and Bwetgyi
Dam in Aunglan Township are also helping develop the agricultural sector of the divi-
sion.
Mone Creek Multipurpose Dam, commissioned into service on 29 December 2003, is
the 33rd dam built by the Government. The facility is generating electricity and supplying
cool and clean water for the division. As the dam is irrigating over 100,000 acres of crops
year-round, the people of Magway are striving to double their crop production as they
now have adequate amount of water supply which is the most important requirement for
them.
And there are more. The four dams under construction — one each in Pwintbyu,
Kanma, Gangaw and Sedoktara townships — will irrigate over 22,000 acres of land, and
Myakhetaung Dam and a series of weirs on Yaw Creek will come out soon to add
irrigation capacity of the division. The facilities will bear fruits till posterity.
Dams, waterworks and other water supply projects have helped increase sown acreage
and per acre yield of the division. As farmers can grow rice in the region, its food
production can now fulfil 71 per cent of local consumption, up from only 50 per cent in
the past. Magway Division, renowned as the edible oil bowl of Myanmar, is extending
cultivation of other crops. The table has more about the agricultural developments of the
division coming out as another reliable region of the nation.
Development in the agriculture sector of Magway Division

Land resource
increase in
Water supply task

- Benefited acres 185885 501593 315708
Tubewells - 1294 1294
thousand 13328 53147 39819
Development in the agriculture sector of Magway Division

edible oil crop
-Groundnut acre 314773 372468 57695
-Sesame acre 1033374 1270467 237093
-Sunflower acre 35387 493702 158315
-Mustard acre 152 1516 1364
-Niger acre 4007 24089 20082
Dam projects under implementation Dams to be built

1 Pade 6400 acres (Aunglan) 1. Myaketaung dam
2. Kyeeon-Kyeewa (2X30) megawatt (Pwintbyu) 2. Yawchaung diversion weir
3. Made 4000 acres (Kanma)
4. Myittha 12000 acres (Gangaw)
(2X15) megawatt
5. Buywa (2X30) megawatt (Sedoktara)

“Assistance will have to be provided to farmers to raise livestock as their income will
increase only if they can run livestock farms in addition to the main job of cultivation.”
It is one of the guidances the Head of State has given for national development. At
present, the livestock and fisheries industry is helping raise the income of the local
people. The division is now raising over 10.6 million heads of livestock, up from 13
million heads in the past. Fish farms have increased four times than that in the past.
Paddy-plus-fish farming is gaining ground in the division. With the guidance of the Head
of State, the division released over 47.5 million fries into Ayeyawady River to develop
fishery business till the future generations.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Magway Division

- Buffalo 86000 100000 14000
- Cow 1578000 1990000 412000
- Sheep/goat 383000 771000 388000
- Pig 279000 710000 431000
- Chicken 4841000 10011000 5170000
- Duck 55000 109000 54000
- Number 1X100000 - 2.75 2,75
- Production 1X100000 - 369.27 369.27
- Fish released 1X100000 - 367.10 367.10
- Sale 1X100000 - 2.17 2.17
Fingerlings released into Ayeyawady river 1X100000 - 475.53 475.53
Forest Conservation
There is a saying, which goes, “A large and thriving tree can house 10,000 birds.” So
the one who destroys a forest while exploiting it is like a person who destroys his own
race. The Tatmadaw Government has been striving to conserve and extend forests and
increase the number of wildlife in the nation. Concerning the matter, Head of State Senior
General Than Shwe has given the following guidance:
“As the Nine-District Greening Project is a special project, it cannot be implemented
with ordinary efforts. Serious attention and energetic efforts are needed. We will not lose
our precious resources only if we see the project as a national task. Otherwise, the land
will become uninhabitable in 50 years. In this context, the Government will implement
the project without fail for the people to enjoy its benefits till posterity.”
In the past, Magway Division could be called a dry region receiving less amount of
rain annually because of the mountain ranges barring the monsoon winds to reach it. Now
the division is covered by the Thirteen-District Greening Project. The Tables show the
development of the division's regional greening project due to the harmonious progress
of the forestry sector and the fish and meat sector.
Tree planting in rural areas

Development in the forestry sector of Magway Division


(in Million) 0.57 45.98 45.41
Establishment of plantations acre - 100135 100135
-Firewood plantation acre - 51790 51790
-Mountain range plantation acre - 7325 7325
-Other acre - 9660 9660
-Research plantation acre - 160 160
-Other acre - 9660 9660
-Natural forest conservation acre - 523431 523431
Firewood substitute fuel
-Stove - 194308 194308
-Briquette - 33207 33207
-Recycling of agricultural waste ton - 113728 113728
Water supply tasks
-Pond pond - 510 510
-Dam dam - 297 297
-Tubewell well - 26 26
Bago mountain range greening work
-Establishment of plantation acre - 4550 4550
- Firewood plantation acre - 25 25
- Watershed plantation acre - 4075 4075
- Other acre - 350 350
- Thitseint plantation acre - 100 100
- Natural forest conservation acre - 20500 20500

Water flows from higher ground to lower place.
The efforts of the people of the Union have reached all the backward places of the
nation including those in Magway Division. The Government has built many bridges in
the division. Although it is located in the central part of the nation, only some areas have
good transport. Even the regions of the division lying on the eastern bank of Ayeyawady
Division had few roads in the past. For the west bank the matter of good transport was
out of the question.
The Government has built the 97-mile-seven furlong Pakokku-Pauk-Kyaukhtu-Mindat
road and the 112-mile-seven-furlong Seikphyu-Saw-Kyaukhtu-Mindat road both reach-
ing Chin State, the 140-mile Pakokku-Pauk-Htilin-Gangaw road in the division, the 28-
mile Taungdwingyi-Myothit-Natmauk road, the 62-mile-four-furlong Magway-Natmauk-
Pyawbwe road reaching Mandalay Division. It has also upgraded the Magway-
Taungdwingyi-Kyaukpadaung-Meiktila road. The division now has1789miles of roads
including 986 miles and six furlongs of tarred roads.
In the past, Innwa Bridge was the only bridge on Ayeyawady River. Now it has sister
bridges — the Bala Min Htin in Myitkyina, the Nawade in Pyay, the Anawrahta in
Chauk, and the Ayeyawady Bridge (Magway) in Magway.
Of the 14 over 180-foot bridges built by the Government in Magway Division, four
are covered by special projects. They are: the 300-foot Launggat Creek Bridge on Kale-
Gangaw road in Gangaw Township and the 500-foot Shwechaung Bridge on Pathein-
Monywa road in Ahtet Minhla Township, and the two Ayeyawady River bridges — the
5,192-foot Anawrahta Bridge on Chauk-Seikphyu road in Chauk and the 8,989-foot
Ayeyawady Bridge (Magway) in Magway.
Now, on Pathein-Monywa Road in Sagu Township is Mann Creek Bridge; Kale-
Gangaw Road in Gangaw Township, Tawwin Bridge; Pauk-Kyaukhtu Road in Kyaukhtu
Township, Natho Bridge; Gangaw-Haka Road, Myittha Bridge; Seikbyu-Kandwin-Pakokku
Road in Seikbyu Township, Yaw Creek Bridge; Minhla-Kani-Minbu-Salin-Tanyaung
Road in Minbu Township, Nwetame Bridge; Salin-Pwintbyu Road in Pwintbyu Townshi;
and Mone Creek Bridge.
Bwetkyi Bridge (Aunglan) and Mone Creek Bridge (Pwintbyu) are under construction.
Pauk Bridge-1 (Ohndaw), Pauk Bridge-2 (Yaypya) and Daungnay Creek Bridge projects
will be implemented soon.
The bridges in Magway Division are contributing towards regional development. The
regions on the west bank of Ayeyawady River that lagged behind in development will
be able to stay in touch with the regions on the east bank of the river before long.
In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, a railroad linking Magway Division and the
western regions came into being. It is 146-mile-long ChaungU-Pakokku-Gangaw-Kale
railroad section. Soon, the extension of the railroad will be completed from ChaungU to
Kyaw, then from Kale to Yaymyetni, and then to the scheduled region. The facility has
prospects to be extended from Kale to Tamu then to the border of Myanmar and India.
In the past, there were small airports in Magway, Gangaw, Saw, Htilin, Lanywa, Pauk
and Sedoktara in Magway Division. The government opened Magway Airport on 6-6-
2003, Kyaukhtu Airport on 10-7-2004 and Pakokku Airport on 5-9-2004, and jets can use
them.
All the States and Divisions have witnessed dramatic development in a short time. The
table shows the progress of the transport sector of Magway Division.
Ayeyawady Bridge (Magway) in Magway Township

Development in the transportation sector of Magway Division

Railways
- passenger 1X1000 1916.8 2043.7 126.9
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 22.8 53.9 31.1
- Goods/mile mile 2808 9689.5 6881.5
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field - 3 3
The inauguration of Kyaukhtu Airport in Hsaw Township, Magway Division

Development in the transportation sector of Magway Division

Extension of motor road mile 1308/0 1789/0 481

- tarred road mile 503/0 986/0 483/0
Bridge
- Public Works
- above 180 feet bridge 20 39 19
- bridge under construction bridge - 2 2
- bridge to constructed bridge - 1 1
- under 180 feet bridge 324 413 89
Three new above 5000 ft runway airfields

1. Magway
2. Kyaukhtu
3. Pakokku
Four completed above 180 feet bridges Three bridges to be constructed

1. Anawrahta Bridge(Chauk) (across Ayeyawady river) 1. Pauk Bridge(1) (Ohndaw)
2. Launggat Bridge (Gangaw) 2. Pauk Bridge(2) (Yepya)
3. Ayeyawady Bridge (Magway) (across Ayeyawady river) 3.DaungNayChaung Bridge
4. Shwe Chaung Bridge (Ahtet Minhla)
5. Bwetgyi Bridge (Aunglan)
6. Monechaung Bridge (Pwintbyu)
Communications
The region has also achieved cumulative development in the communication sector.
The table indicates the progress of its communication sector.
Development in the communication sector of Magway Division


Facsimile - 55 55
Telephone
-exchange 23 60 37
-direct line 2579 16990 14411
-DECT phone - 408 408
-telephone density 0.90 3.28 2.28
Rural telephone - 15 15
exchange - 17 17
Satellite station
-DOMSAT - - -
-VSAT - 1 1
-iPSTAR - 3 3
Auto exchange project under planning

1. Myaing Telephone line (500)
2. Gangaw Telephone line (500)
Total Telephone line (1000)
Electric Power
The government is also taking measures for further development of the region through
the electric power sector. It implemented the Mone Creek Multi-purpose Dam Project.
The table depicts the progress of the electric power sector.
Monechaung (Mone Creek) hydel power plant

Development in the electric power sector of Magway Division


- Hydel power plant completed plant - 1 1
Installed power megawatt - 75.000 75.000
- Project under implementation plant - 2 2
Other power plants
-Natural gas-powered plant plant 3 3 -
-Diesel-used plant plant 45 26
Hydel power plant completed

1. Monechaung 75.000 megawatt (large) (1988)
Natural gas-powered plant completed
1. Kyunchaung 54.3000 megawatt (large) (1988)
2. Mann 36.900 megawatt (large) (1988)
3. Chauk 15.260 megawatt (large) (1988)
Industry
The national development absolutely relies on national unity. With speedy construc-
tion tasks, the nation is now on the path to development. And with the achievement in
the electric power and energy sectors, the region has prospects for industrial develop-
ment.
The government organized industries and enterprises into Yenan-gyoung and Pakokku
Industrial Zones. The former is made up of 82 enterprises with a total investment of K
118.25 million and an annual turnover of more than K 170 million. The latter comprises
247 enterprises with a total investment of K 477.06 million and an annual turnover of
nearly K 550 million.
The number of private factories has increased to 2,115. The region has got 168 cottage
industries in total along with 64 State-run factories. The table reflects the region’s indus-
trial progress.
Development in the industrial sector of Magway Division


- Industrial zones zone - 2 2
- Industries industry - 329 329
Mining and Minerals

After 1988, the region has been able to explore a coal deposit and a limestone deposit.
So far, the region has produced 1,407.37 metric tons of coal and 35,094.80 metric tons
of industrial limestone. Efforts are now being made for extended exploration of mineral
deposits in the region.
Energy
The government has upgraded the 10 oilfields and discovered three more oilfields.
They are Ayadaw, Chauk, Lanywa, Yenan-gyoung, Mann, Yaynanma, Htauksharpin,
Kanni, Petpe, Kyaukkhwet, Letpanto, Thagyidaung and Sabei oilfields. The table repre-
sents the progress of the energy sector of the region.
Development in the energy sector of Magway Division


Oilfield (onshore) field 10 13 3
Length of gas pipeline mile 52.30 348.52 296.22
Plants plant 6 7 1
- refinery refinery 2 2 -
- CNG CNG 1 2 1
Well No-1 in Thagyitaung oil and gas field in Pauk Township,

Pakokku District, Magway Division
Education
The government is upgrading Magway to the capital of the central Myanmar and
Pakokku to the capital of the regions on west bank of the Ayeyawady River. Magway
Division has become famous for its better education standard. The Ministry of Education
has opened 549 basic education schools with 7085 teachers. More than 600,000 students
go to these education facilities. It has also opened two arts and science universities, a
degree college and two education colleges. The number of higher education students has
risen to nearly 60,000, up from 3,488 in the past. In addition, it has established the
Institute of Agriculture, the Cooperative Training School and the Youths Development
Training Centre. The table shows progress of the education sector.
Magway University
Development in the education sector of Magway Division


- Multi-media classroom room - 100 100
- Preprimary school
Teachers education
- Education college college 1 2 1
School dropout rate
- University - 2 2
- College 2 2 0

The development of the region contributes towards that of the national. The new
generation youths will have to shoulder the national-defence and nation-building duties.
The youths born around 1988 can now grab the opportunities that their ancestors had
never enjoyed. The table compares the science and technology sector in 1988 and that of
present.
Development in the science and technology sector of Magway Division


- Government Technological College (Magway) college - 1 1

- Government Technological College (Pakokku) college - 1 1
Number of teachers teacher - 188 188

Number of students (graduate) student - 1761 1761
Number of students (current) student - 2651 2561


- Government Computer College (Magway) college -1 1
- Government Computer College (Pakokku) college - 1 1
- Government Technical Institute (Chauk) institute - 1 1
-Government Technical Institute (Yenangyoung) Institute - 1 1
Health
The government is taking steps for better health care concerns for enabling the entire
people to enjoy fitness and longevity and to be free from diseases. It is taking preventive
measures against diseases especially malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS, giving medical
treatments and raising the health standard of local people in Magway Division.
The government has built a teaching hospital and a 200-bed specialist hospital in the
region. Now, there are two 100-bed hospitals, six 50-bed hospitals, five 25-bed hospitals,
11 16-bed hospitals and 11 station hospitals numbering 66, accounting for 10 more
hospitals in the region.
A total of 244 specialists and assistant surgeons and 1,222 health staff have been
appointed in these medical facilities. Seven health care centres, a traditional medicine
hospital and 18 dispensaries have emerged in the region.
The government has constructed an institute of medicine and a university of primary
health in Magway with a view to producing physicians and medical experts. The table
reveals an increase in the number of the health staff and medical facilities of the region.
Magway Institute of Medicine is facilitated with satellite

system to conduct courses
Development in the health sector of Magway Division


- Specialist hospital hospital - - -
- Teaching hospital hospital - 1 1
- 100-bed hospital 3 2 (-)1
- 16-bed hospital 16 11 (-)5

- Local Health Centre centre 2 3 1
- Nurse nurse 229 804575 804346
-Traditional Medicine Science - - -
Institutes institute - 2 2
-Medical Institute institute - 1 1
-Basic Health Institute institute - 1 1
-Faculty members member - 200 200
-Students member - 3687 3687
Development Affairs
The urban and rural development sector is making progress in parallel with economic,
education and health sectors of the region. The length of roads has increased to 463miles
and one furlong including more than 132 miles of tarred roads. The five rural develop-
ment tasks are in full swing in the region. The length of rural roads has risen to 2,735
miles.
The water supply project has thoroughly covered 21 out of 25 towns so far. The
government is also implementing the fresh water project effectively for supply of water
to the villages in the division. Up to now, the project has benefited 1,333 out of 1,469
villages. The table indicates progress of roads and water supply projects in Magway
Division.
Development in the development affairs sector of Magway Division

Urban development
-Tarred road mile 50/3 132 83/0
-Gravelled road mile 46/3 52 81/5
-Earth road mile 129/2 259/5 130/3
Urban water supply tasks
Rural Development
-Rural roads mile 654/5 2735/0 2080/3
-Granite road mile 272/5 308/0 (-)35/3
-Earth road mile 276/0 2126/0 1850/0
Rural bridge bridge - 435 435
Rural water supply tasks

The government is also realizing the information sector for local people to enhance
their knowledge power. The sector has enlightened the people to a certain degree and
serves as a better bridge between the government and the people. The table shows the
progress of the mass media of the region.
Development in the Information and Public Relations sector of
Magway Division
- TV retransmission station station 1 3 2
- Information and Public Relations office - 25 25
Offices
- Rural library library - 4762 4762
-e-library library - 4 4
-Sub-printing house house - 1 1
Computer Network building of Magway Sub-printing House

Mandalay Division marching to new

As a gesture of honouring the Union Day, the day on which the Union of Myanmar
was conceived, the development of the seven divisions and seven states is being pre-
sented to the national people living in the motherland.
A tribe that had been in existence for millions of years in the motherland diversified
into over 100 national races such as the Kachin, the Kayah, the Kayin, the Chin, the
Bamar, the Mon, the Rakhine, and the Shan. It is a national prestige to be proud of that
these national races have amalgamated into a people called “Myanmar” and evolved
throughout the consecutive periods of history.
The message sent by Head of State Senior General Than Shwe on the occasion of the
58th Anniversary Union Day read: “Drawing lessons from history, the State Peace and
Development Council laid down a national policy — non-disintegration of the Union,
non-disintegration of national solidarity, and perpetuation of sovereignty. In accordance
with this policy, strenuous efforts are being made to transform the country into a peace-
ful, modern and developed nation and to ensure that the country exists as long as the
world does. In line with the seven-point Road Map that will pave the way for the
establishment of a peaceful, modern, developed, discipline-flourishing democratic nation
as desired by the entire people, the National Convention, which is the most vital and the
very first phase of the Road Map, has been in progress.
“At the same time, the government and people in tandem have committed themselves
unswervingly to the successful implementation of the State’s economic objectives aimed
at enabling the Union of Myanmar to keep pace with the world nations in terms of
modernization.”
The concerted efforts between the Tatmadaw and the people have resulted in aston-
ishing development in all sectors of all regions. Plans are under way to enable the country
to stand on its own feet after contemplating the possible future challenges. A thorough
thought will provide vivid pictures. To enable the people to take enjoyment from such
pictures of development, the author here presented the development trends of Mandalay
Division on its march to a golden land of unity and amity.
The scenic beauty of Mandalay Palace Moat

Mandalay Division
Mandalay Division is situated in central Myanmar. In the south lie Bago Division and
Kayin State; and in the west, Sagaing and Magway Division. The division is 14,294
square miles wide. National races such as Bamar, Shan, Danu, Lisu, Palaung, Kayin and
Chin live in the Union as small Unions. It is an area of dense population and has a
population of 7,627,000. The population density is 534 per square mile. In the east there
are mountain ranges whose heights are over 6,000 feet. In the south west is Bago Yoma.
In the north of the Bago Yoma is Mt Popa, which is 4,981 feet high. In the west, there
is Ayeyawady Plain, in the east, Mandalay-Kyaukse plain and in the south Sittoung plain.
The Chindwin River joins the Ayeyawady River near Myingyan.
The Dokhtawady River or Myitnge River and its tributary, Panlaung River, join the
Ayeyawady River near Innwa.
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of

Defence Services Senior General Than Shwe inspects scale model of Yeywa hydel
power project.
Agriculture
As the division is in the arid zone, ancient Myanmar kings built many dams and creeks
for supply of water. Cultivation was made through irrigation in Kyaukse and its environs.
The region was renowned as the granary of Myanmar in those days. The cultivation
acreage of the whole country was only half a million acres during the annexation of
Myanmar by the imperialists.
After over a hundred years, Mandalay Division was a region where rice was insuffi-
cient and cultivation of other crops also decreased. There was no cultivation with no rain
and no dams.
The Tatmadaw government is fulfilling the requirements of the people. The Tatmadaw
born of the people never forgets the people’s lives and difficulties of every region.
Therefore, after taking up the State duties, it is fulfilling the requirements of the people.
At the opening of North Pinle Dam on 13 April 1996, Senior General Than Shwe said
that he was born and brought up in those areas. He had realized the hardships of the
farmers in the areas since childhood.
They needed no gold but water. If water was available in the areas, it means they
possessed gold. That is why water availability and regional development tasks are being
implemented after the government had taken up State duties. He spoke of the need to
work harder.
There are 45 dams in the division in 16 years. Hsinthe and Kintha dams were built
in Tatkon, Thaphangyoung,Hsindewa, Welaung and Kyauktalone dams in Taungtha,
Samon and Thettaw dams in Thazi and Chaungkauk dam in Pyawbwe. Sitha, Hsinlan and
Dokwin were built in Pyin OoLwin, Soonlun, South Pinle and North Pinle in Myingyan,
Kinta in Kyaukse and Chaung- magyi dam in Pyinmana, Lebyu in Yamethin, Thebyu in
Lewe, Myakan in Nyaung U, Thapbyeyo in Wundwin, Zidaw in Nahtogyi, Thittetkon in
Myittha, Thinbon, kwintha and Ponmakyi in Mahlaing, Myotha, Natthadaw and Phaung-
kataw in Ngazun, Yanaungmyin in Lewe and Chaungmanet in TadaOo.
Seven river water-pumping projects were implemented to irrigate the farmlands of the
division. To ensure the greening of the division, regional development and regional self-
sufficiency of food, nine river-water pumping projects are being implemented and plans
are under way to carry out seven others. In addition, more dams and reservoirs will be
built to improve the living standard of farmers in Mandalay Division.
Eight dams have been constructed in the division — the Paunglaung in Pyinmana
township benefiting 35,000 acres of farmland, the Madan and the Chaungmange in Leway
township benefiting 8,000 acres each, the Sedawgyi Ye Ku in Mataya benefiting 127,000
acres, the Marlenattaung in Sinku benefiting 8,000 acres and the Ngathayauk in NaungU
benefiting 2,000 acres. Moreover, Kani Dam and Shanmange Dam will be built soon.
Thanks to the efforts of the people alongside the assistance of the State, Mandalay
Division has hugely boosted the cultivation of crops and paddy, helping improve the
economy of the State.
Lawkananda river water pumping project in Nyaung U Township

Development in the agriculture sector of Mandalay Division

Land
Water supply task
- Task being carried out - 5 5
- Benefited acres 624548 1057711 433163
- Task being implemented - 9 9
Coffee plantation in PyinOoLwin Township

Development in the agriculture sector of Mandalay Division


- Total production basket
in thousand 29017 57560 28543
Progress in acreage of cotton 214281 277221 62940
-Sugarcane acreage acre 37870 65968 28098
Tea leave acreage acre 2050 6396 4346
Pepper acreage acre - 279 279
Progress in acreage of coffee acre 1732 7916 6184
- Groundnut acre 275483 320345 44862
- Sesame acre 809365 1083841 274476
- Sunflower acre 72626 349825 277199
1. Chaung Ma Nge 8,000 acres (Lewe)

2. Hse Daw Gyi 127,000 acres (Madaya)
3. Madan 8,000 acres (Lewe)
4. Nga Tha Yauk 2000 acres (NyaungU)
5. Marle Nat Taung 8,000 acres (Hsingu)
Dams to be constructed
1. Kamni (MondaingYeku) Embankment-1
2. Shan Ma Nge (Mondaing Yeku) Embankment-2

The ancestors made a suggestion that the people grow plantations of kitchen crops in
the back of the homes to ensure sufficiency of food.
The government has taken measures for extended cultivation of crops and livestock
breeding in Mandalay Division. It has also released a variety of fish species into the
Ayeyawady River. The table shows progress of the region’s livestock breeding sector.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Mandalay Division


- Buffalo 122000 11,000 (-) 12000
- Cattle 1,528,000 1,992,000 464,000
- Sheep/goat 555,000 801,000 246,000
- Pig 331,000 478,000 147,000
- Chicken 3,139,000 8,883,000 5,744,000
- Duck 178,000 278,000 100,000
- Turkey, goose, muscovy duck 45,000 49,000 4000
-Fish-plus-paddy feild acre - 504 504
-Number of fish 1x100000 - 4.04 4.04
Distribution of fingerlings 1x100000 37.72 3673.34 3535.62
-production 1x100000 9.79 1882.33 1872.54
-breeding 1x100000 26.28 1874.52 1848.24
- sale 1x100000 - 1170.00 1170.00
Forest Conservation
More than 18 million of people live in Mandalay, Sagaing and Magway Divisions,
accounting for one-third of the nation’s population.
These regions’ dense population is detrimental to environmental conservation, causing
an undesirable impact on regional climate. These had suffered adverse effects on the
agricultural works for more than 100 years. If the situation remains unchanged for next
50 years, some deserts will appear on the map of Myanmar. Therefore, the government
had to construct many irrigation facilities and plant trees to form forests in the regions.
It has also realized the special regions greening project in the Central Myanmar. The
taables show progress of the project.
Development in the forestry sector of Mandalay Division

Reserved forest sq/mile 3857 3857 -
Environmental Conservation forest sq/mile 128.98 187.52 58.54
- Teak special plantation acre - 24,000 24,000
-Commercial plantation acre 5805 51,975 46170
(in Million) 0.80 30.60 29.8
Wood and wood products Kyat
(Million) 1583.97 2251.71 667.74
Setting up plantations acre - 61907 61907
Development in the forestry sector of Mandalay Division

-firewood plantation acre - 19690 19690

-watershed plantation acre - 30300 30300
-mountain range plantation acre - 3650 3650
-research plantation acre - 152 152
-other plantations acre - 6815 6815
Natural forest conservation acre - 265,000 265,000

Fuel-substitute wood
-stove stove - 88751 88751
-briquette briquette - 20405 20405
-agricultural waste ton - 23423 23423
-water supply
-pond - 361 361
-silt-prevented dams - 482 482
-underground water - 23 23
Bago Greening Work (acre)
-plantations acre - 1890 1890
-fuel wood plantation acre - 90 90
-watershed plantation acre - 1600 1600
-natural forest conservation acre - 2000 2000
Transport
Superficially, Mandalay seemed to be a region enjoying smooth transport because of
roads linking one city and another. But, it still has many requirements and needs if
compared tasks to be carried out for cementing relations and friendship among the na-
tional races in the region, national and regional development.
With a lofty aim to ensure smooth transport of the entire nation and emergence of a
modern and developed nation, the government is making unremitting endeavours to
construct Union Highways, district-to-district roads, town-to-town roads, village-to-vil-
lage roads alongside roads in border areas in collaboration with respective departments
and organizations.
It has upgraded Mandalay-Tagaung-Bhamo-Myitkyina Road, Magway-Namauk-Pyaw-
bye Road, Twinnge-Momeik Road, Mandalay-Mogok-SiU-Bhamo Road, Mandalay-
PyinOoLwin-Wetwun-Nawnghkio Road, Mandalay-Sagaing-Monywa Road, Mandalay-
Meiktila Road, and Magway-Taungdwingyi-Kyaukpadaung-Meiktila Road. Altogether
seven large bridges have emerged in the region — two 210-foot-long bridges across
Zawgyi River on Yangon-Mandalay Highway in Kyaukse Township, 700-foot-long
Dokhtawady Bridge across Dokhtawady River on the road leading to Mandalay-TadaU
International Airport, 300-foot Panlaung Bridge spanning Panlaung Creek, 300-foot
Samonpauk Bridge spanning Samonpauk Creek on Myingyan-Yaywun road section in
Myittha Township, and 300-foot-long Tangar Bridge spanning Chaungmagyi Creek on
Mandalay-Mogok road section in Madaya Township.
The six bridge projects are under way and on completion, each bridge will be more
than 180 feet long. Before long, there will emerge five more bridges — Panlaung,
Myitnge and Pincha bridges in Singaing Township, Panunglaung Bridge in Pyinmana,
and KyaukO Bridge in Mogok Township. Besides, there also emerged the 5,604 feet long
Yadanabon Bridge across Ayeyawady River near Inwa Bridge (3,960 feet) in Amarapura
Township.
The British colonialists annexed the nation and exploited Myanmar for nearly 124
years, but they built only one bridge across the 1,000-mile-long Ayeyawady River. They
never took into account the progress of the regions on the west bank of the Ayeyawady
River as well as the border areas and far-flung areas. In contrast, the Tatmadaw Govern-
ment has constructed seven Ayeyawady River crossing bridges in 16 years.
They practised the divide-and-rule policy and drove a wedge between the hilly regions
and the plains, and exploited natural resources of the nation. But, the government has
built a network of roads and bridges to enhance amicable relations among the national
races. Table shows progress of the region’s transport sector.
Development in the transportation sector of Mandalay Division


Railways
-miles of railroad mile 459.83 613.38 153.55
-miles of railtrack mile 623.11 805.64 182.53
-passenger 1X1000 6019.7 6418.2 398.5
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 498.5 883.6 385.1
- Goods/mile mile 88718.8 195390.9 106672.1
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field 4 7 3
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 1 - Upgrading
- tarred road mile 853/0 1102/2 249/2
- earth road mile 37/0 40/5 3/5
Bridge
- Public Works
Three 180 feet and above bridges in Mandalay Division

1. Dokhtawady Bridge (TadaU)
2. Nadaungkya Bridge (Shwesayan)
3. Tanga Bridge (Madaya)
Six bridges under construction
1. Panlaungchaung Bridge (Singaing)
2. Ayeyawady Bridge (Yadababon) (Amarapura)
3. Panlaunchaung Bridge (Pyinmana)
4. Myitnge Bridge (Singaing)
5. Pincha Bridge (Singaing)
6. Kyauk O Bridge (Mogok)
Communications
The government has also upgraded the communication sector of the region in propor-
tion with its population and trade. The table indicates progress of the region’s commu-
nication sector.
Development in the communication sector of Mandalay Division

Facsimile 1 365 364
Fax - 11 11
Telephone
- telephone office office 27 70 43
- telephone line line 10858 77705 66847
- exchange exchange 27 54 27
- direct line line 9326 51146 41820
- auto/manual phone phone 9326 40046 30720
- auto radio phone phone - 619 619
- CDMA phone phone - 1918 1918
- Cellular phone phone - 4227 4227
- DECT phone phone - 1450 1450
- GSM phone phone - 8764 8764
- telephone density 1X1000 1.98 7.53 5.55
Rural telephone
- exchange exchange - 20 20
- e-mail/Internet - 181 181
X-25 Line line - 23 23
- Micro link - 64 64
Extension of Auto exchange line under planning
1. Myaing Telephone line (3000)
2. Gangaw Telephone line (500) 4. NyaungU (extension) line (500)
Total line (3500) 5. Myingyan (extension) line (700)
Auto exchange project under planning Total line (2900)
1. Taungtha line (700) DECT telephone project
2. Mahlaing line (500) 1. Mandalay line (3000)
3. Nahtogyi line (500)
Electric power
The government is making all-out efforts to boost generation of electricity for the
people. Now, it is implementing 12 hydropower projects simultaneously.
One of the 12 projects is Ye Ywa Hydropower Project, 31 miles south-east of
Mandalay. In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, there have emerged Sedawgyi
hydropower plant (25 megawatts), Paunglaung hydropower plant ( 210 megawatts) and
Mogok hydropower plant (4 megawatts) in Mandalay Division, increasing the capacity
of electricity generation to 180 megawatts, up from 45 megawatts in 1988.
On completion, Ye Ywa Hydropower Plant will be able to generate 790 megawatts.
It is also implementing Ahtet Paunglaung Hydropower Project and completion, it
will be able to generate 140 megawatts.
In his inspection tour of Ye Ywa Hydropower Project on 18 December 2004,
Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance to the officials, saying that it is necessary to
complete the project as soon as possible to be able to meet the electricity demand of the
State. Measures are to be taken in accord with the set standard.
And serious attention is to be paid to the project as it is a huge one.
In 1988, the electricity consumption of Mandalay Division was 183.59 million
units. Now, the region can consume 519.935 million units. Upon completion of Ye Ywa
and Paunglaung hydropower projects, the region’s electricity generation will increase
four times.
Therefore, the local people will be able to enjoy better economic and living stand-
ards. The table reflects progress of the electric power sector of Mandalay Division.
Construction site of Yeywa hydel power project implemented on Myitnge River

(Dokhtawady River), 31 miles to the south-east of Mandalay, Mandalay Division
Development in the electric power sector of Mandalay Division

Electricity consumption unit (in million) 183.590 551..610 368.02

- Hydel power plant completed plant 1 4 3
-Heavy ( above 10 megawatt) plant 1 3 2
- Small ( up to 1 megawatt) plant - 1 1
-Projects under construction plant - 2 2
- Heavy (above 10 megawatt) plant - 2 2
Other power plants
-Natural gas- fired plant - - -
-Installed power for power grid megawatt 59.100 1243.460 1184.360
Completed hydel power plants

1. Kinta 56 megawatt (heavy) (1988)
2. Hsedawgyi 25 megawatt (heavy)
3. Paunglaung 210 megawatt (heavy)
4. Mogok 4 megawatt (medium)
Hydel power plants under construction
1. Yeywa 790 megawatt (heavy)
2. Ahtet Paunglaung 140 megawatt (heavy)
Industry
Boosting consumption of more electricity is helping promote the region’s industrial
sector along with the socio-economic life of local people.
So far, the government has established Mandalay, Myingyan and Meiktila indus-
trial zones in the region. Mandalay Industrial Zone consists of 1,155 enterprises with a
total investment of K 1,883.44 million. Its annual turnover has surged nearly nine times,
accounting for K 1,6091.25 million.
Myingyan Industrial Zone is made up of 310 enterprises with a total investment of
K 3,661.31 million and its an annual turnover has increased three times, accounting for
K 964.95 million. Meiktila Industrial Zone comprises 416 enterprises with a total invest-
ment of K 495.78 million. It has boosted production of goods valued at K 1,321.01
million.
During his inspection tour of Yenangyoung Industrial Zone on 22 December 2004,
Head of State Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance, saying that the establishment
of the industrial zones is to ensure the development of import-substitute industries in the
country, production of quality products with the use of modern equipment, creation of job
opportunities and use local-made products easily at reasonable prices.
In the initial period, the industrial zones were on the level only a bit better than
blacksmith’s forges. With the encouragement and assistance of the government and en-
deavours of the industrialists, significant achievements have been made in the znes.
He pledged that the government would constantly provide necessary assistance for
the development of the zones and their industries.
While encouragement is given to respective industrialists for the development of
their enterprises, emphasis is to be put on steps not to inflict harm to the interests of the
nation and the people. Now, the Industrial Development Committee has been formed to
constantly fulfil the requirements of the industrial zones.
The increasing number of private-run factories in Mandalay Division is heartening.
There were only 4,485 factories in 1988, and now there are 9,280 factories.
It has got 1,435 cottage industries so far. The table represents progress of the
region’s industrial development.
Development in the industrial sector of Mandalay Division

- Industrial zones zones - 3 3
- Industries plant - 1881 1881
-State-owned industry plant 102 138 36
Hsinmin -2 Cement Plant in Kyaukse, Mandalay Division
Minerals
It is Mandalay Division that has a land of precious stones, namely Mogok. Nowa-
days, the division can accelerate the momentum of gems and mineral exploration because
of the State’s assistance.
Up to now, 245 gem mining blocks have been extended and 2639000 carats of
various kinds of gems mined. Gold, lead, tin and tungsten mining blocks are on the
increase.
Marble, antimony, sodium carbonate oxide, lime stone and other kinds of mineral
are also being mined.
Education
Nowadays, Mandalay Division has become a shining star in its education sector.
On account of the efforts to ensure the balanced development of the whole country,
Mandalay City of the Upper Myanmar now can be called a city of universities. Ministry
of Education has opened Mandalay University of Foreign Languages, Mandalay Univer-
sity of Distance Education, Yadanabon University, Meikhtila University, Miekhtila Uni-
versity of Economics and Kyaukse University in the division compared to the one in the
past, Mandalay University.
The number of people, pursuing higher education now has increased to nearly
140000 from only over 20000 in the past.
There are 4469 basic education schools where more than 1 million students are
learning. School enrolment rate of kindergarten has come to full percentage. The follow-
ing the table shows the educational index of Mandalay Division.
Myingyan Degree College in Myingyan Township, Mandalay Division

Development in the education sector of Mandalay Division


- Primary school school 3413 3332 ( -81)
- Multi-media classroom room - 202 202
- Preprimary school
Teacher Training Education
- Education College college 2 2 -
School dropout rate
- Institute institute 1 1 0
- Arts and Science University university 1 6 5
- Degree College college - 1 1
- College 1 2 1
- e-learning centre - 12 12
- Wide area network - - -

Mandalay Technological University and Computer University has been established
in Upper Myanmar to link technological colleges and computer colleges opened in every
state and division. Besides, Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University has been opened
in Meikhtila with a view to producing space scientists. The development of the sinence
and technology sector in Mandalay Division is shown in the table.
Development in the science and technology sector of Mandalay Division
- Government Technological College (Mandalay) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Mandalay) college - 1 1
- Myanmar Aerospace Engeneering University university -
- Myanmar Aerospace Engeneering
University(Meiktila) university - 1 1
-Number of students (graduate) student - - -
-Technological College college - 2 2
(Mandalay) college - 1 1
-Number of courses course 5 11 6
Health
The goverment now is serving the interests of the people according to the policies
on education and health in border and rural areas.
It is planning to establish cities of coffee, industry, education, business and health
under the 24 special region development projects.
In Mandalay Division, station hospitals and hospitals were opened and Mandalay
city will become a health centre of Upper Myanmar.
There are six health and medical universities, seven specialist hospitals and two
teaching hospitals. Health development of the division is shown in the table.
University of Traditional Medicine (Mandalay)

Development in the health sector of Mandalay Division

- Special hospital hospital 3 7 4
- Teaching hospital hospital 1 2 1
- 300 - bed hospital - 1 1
- Nurse nurse 468 1950 1482
- Skilled labourer labourer 35 100 65
- Traditional Medicine Hospital hospital 1 1 -
-Traditional Medicine Science 1 1 -
-Midwifery Training School school 2 2 -
Institute institute 1 6 5
-Institute of Medicine institute 1 1 -
-Institute of Dental institute - 1 1
-Institute of Nursing institute - 1 1
- Institute of Pharmacy institute - 1 1
- Institute of Paramedical Sciences institute - 1 1
-Traditional Medicine University university - 1 1

Under the Tamadaw government urban and rural areas in the division have devel-
oped. There are 400 miles of roads including 293 tarred roads. Water supply projects
were undertaken in 16 townships out of 26.
There were only 500 miles of rural roads. As rural roads link with urban ones, there
are now over 3,067 miles of rural road. Altogether 5,676 rural water supply projects have
been carried out in the division.
Development in the development affairs sector of Mandalay Division

Urban development
-Tarred road mile 101/6 273/1 1713
-Gravelled road mile 123/5 142/5 19
Granite road mile 49/5 9/4 upgrading
-Earth road mile 28/4 305/0 276/4
-Conduit pipe pipe - 55 55
- Other - 133 133
Rural Development
-Rural roads mile 532/6 3067/7 2535/1
-Gravelled road mile 149/2 708//7 559/5
-Granite road mile 242/4 195/3
upgrading
-Earth road mile 101/0 1978/6 1877/6
- Concrete bridge - 243 243
- Wood bridge - 295 295
- Conduit pipe pipe - 170 170
-Other - 32 32
Villages where tasks to be carried out village 4119 224 3895
Union and Human Resource Development

The governemnt is making efforts for increasing number of intellectuals and intel-
ligentsia in education, health and science and technology sectors. In Mandalay Division,
a Nationalities Youth Resource Development Degree College was constructed.
The University of Culture, Institute of Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Institute of
Veterinary Science, Cooperative College and Lacquerware College produce technicians
who will serve the interests of the Union and national races.
Human resource development sector of Mandalay Division

Medical Institute for Livestock
Breeding institute 1 1 -
-Number of faculty member member 53 55 2
-Number of student student - 552 -
Cultural Institute institute - 1 1
-Number of faculty member member - 62 62
Institute of Forestry isntitute - 1 1
University of Agriculture university 1 1 -
-Number of faculty member member - - -
- NYRD Degree College college - 1 1
Cooperative College college - 1 1
Lacquerware College college - 1 1
Forestry School school 1 1 -
Agricultural Institute institute 2 2 -
There is no more armed conflict in the Union of Myanmar now. Peace and tran-
quillity has been restored in border and rural areas. Political, economic and social devel-
opments have also been achieved.
National races can now witness regional development and significant changes through
TV, radio, newspapers and other publications.
If the people are prosperous, it is said the nation is prosperous. If all the regions
develop, the Union will develop. The information sector informs the people about the
government’s efforts for national interest. The table shows the data.
Like other states and divisions, Mandalay Division is marching towards the united
golden land.
Development in the Information and Public Relations sector of
Mandalay Division
- TV retransmission station station 1 4 3
- Information and Public Relations office - 33 33
Offices
- Rural library library - 5389 5389
-e-library library - 23 23
-Sub-printing house house - 1 1
IPRD building in PyinOoLwin, Mandalay Division

Yangon Division marching to

It is said that everybody writes his or her own history. The history of Myanmar is
that of the entire national people as well as that of each Myanmar national. Each and
every citizen should conduct a thorough review of his or her past and present evidences
and envisage possible consequences of their deeds. In doing so, the people come to
realize the historic evidences and major requirements of the nation.
It has been known to the entire national people that in the present period the
ultimate goal of the Union of Myanmar is nothing but the building of a peaceful, modern
and developed nation. In this regard, the people are playing respective roles in the nation-
building tasks by doing their bit. It is sure that these endeavours will serve the interests
of the nation and the people in future. So the entire people should put on record and study
the nation’s present historic evidences.
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of
Defence Services Senior General Than Shwe delivered a speech at the graduation parade
of the 47th Intake of the Defence Service Academy on 17 December 2004. The Senior
General in his speech, said, ‘‘Patriotism is the most decisive factor for you comrades to
selflessly shoulder the responsibilities entrusted to you by the State. You must deeply
love your race and your nation based upon the knowledge of the nation’s history and
traditions. Our cherished nation is made up of river basins, low plains, high mountain
ranges and high plateaux, rivers beginning and ending with our land, rich alluvial soil,
precious gems and abundance of natural resources, naturally advantageous seacoasts and
a temperate climate. Since time immemorial, our ancestors have cleared the land by the
sweat of their brow and worked and lived on our motherland.
“The nationalities which had descended from the same ancestors have lived
together through weal and woe in this country. For thousands of years all our nationals
have lived together as equal citizens from the moment of their birth. Our race has a long
tradition and throughout history it has shown great courage. You comrades are the inheri-
tors of history. You must cherish your mother country and people who possess great
tradition and the love for your nation must be ardent. You must maintain loyalty to the
State citizens. This is the spirit of the patriotic Tatmadaw”.
Present generation of Myanmars have inherited fine traditions of ancestors, and the
future generations will have to inherit the fine traditions of the present generation. Now,
the State, the people and the Tatmadaw are inheriting the fine traditions and handing
down them to new generation youths, while marching to the golden land of unity and
amity. I would like to present progress of Yangon Division as a living proof of the
combined efforts.
Aerial view of Yangon City

Yangon Division
Yangon Division is situated in the southernmost part of the central plain of Myanmar.
In the north and in the east of Yangon Division lies Bago Division; in the south, Mottama
Gulf; and in the west, Ayeyawady Division. With a total area of 3,927 square miles,
Yangon Division is like a mini-union where Bamar and other national races have been
living in unity. Its population is 6,369,000 and its population density is 1,622 people per
square mile.
Bago Yoma mountain range stretches from north to south in Yangon Division, and
so there are small laterite hills in Thanlyin, Twantay and Kungyangon townships. Passing
through the eastern part of Yangon Division, Bago River empties into the Yangon River.
Ngamoeyeik Creek in the central part of Yangon Division flows from north to south into
the Bago River. In the western part, Bawle River and Panhlaing River meet Hline River
into Yangon River. According to its geographical features, Yangon Division is desig-
nated as a delta. Yangon City, the Capital of Myanmar, lies at the confluence of Yangon
River and Bago River, 21 miles from the Sea.
Agriculture
Yangon Division is surrounded by fertile rural regions. In the past, the region could
not cultivate crops at its full capacity because there were no large dams in the region.
So, the government had to fulfil the region’s needs of food sufficiency, extended
cultivation of beans and pulses, and growing of industrial crops and perennial crops. The
government has constructed 15 dams in 16 years. Taunglonmyaung Dam was built in
1993 and Ngamoeyeik Dam in 1995 in Hlegu Township. Ngamoeyeik Dam benefits
70,000 acres of farmland. The government also built Tabuhla Dam that benefits 52,000
acres in Taikkyi Township, Zamani-in Dam that benefits 1,000 acres in Thanlyin, and
Zeebyugon Sluice Gate that benefits 7,500 acres in Twantay Township. Again in 2004,
the government completed Kungyangon Sluice Gate Project that benefits 21,400 acres in
Kungyangon Township and Moemakha Sluice Gate Project that benefits 40,000 acres in
Twantay. It also constructed Lagunbyin Dam (22,000 acres) in 2001, Kalihtaw Dam
(9,000 acres) in 2003, and Mahuya and Paunglin Dams in 2004 in Hlegu Township.
After 1988, the living standard of Yangonites became higher and its population was
on the increase. Therefore, the government established more new towns and villages.
That led to reduction of nearly 20,000 acres of farmlands. However, the government
managed to speed up the agricultural work in the division, so the multiple-cropping area
doubled. Measures were taken to put more than 160,000 acres under summer paddy and
to gain per acre yield of 80 baskets, boosting production in the region.
It has constructed eight water pumping stations in the region so as to extend mul-
tiple cropping. Three more water pumping stations are under way, and 12 more projects
will be launched soon. It has also constructed Kayan Sluice Gate that contributes towards
30,000 acres in Thanlyin Township, and Thongwa Sluice Gate that irrigates 29,000 acres.
Tatmadaw members and respective departments are lending themselves to the Yangon
City 30-mile Radius Greening Project to fulfil the requirement of kitchen crops and other
crops of Yangon Division. The table shows the progress of the region’s agricultural sector.
Zepyugon Sluice Gate in Twantay Township

Development in the agriculture sector of Yangon Division

Land
increase in
- Sown acreage acre 2008863 556392
double crops
- Virgin and vacant land acre 168394 12453
Water supply task
- Task under implementation - - 2 2
- Benefited acres 291040 579435 288395
Ngamoeyeik Dam in Hlegu Township


- Damming Creek - 172 172
Benefited area - 39170 39170
- Underground tubewells - 562 562
Benefited area - 4011 4011
- Total benefited area 291040 653496 291040
Cultivation of double crop acre 157145 539412 382267
- Monsoon paddy acreage acre 1225823 1200078 (-) 36953
thousand 76623 86930 10307
Cotton acreage acre - -
Jute acreage acre - 1073 1073
Progress in rubber acreage acre 5094 29424 24330
Pepper acreage acre 7 279 272
- Groundnut acre - 320345 -
- Sesame acre - 907423 -
- Sunflower acre - 349825 -
Sluice gates under construction Newly constructed Dams

(1) Kayan 30,000 acres (Thanlyin) (1). NgaMoeYeik (6) LaGunByin
(2) Thongwa 29,000 acres (Thongwa) (2) TaBuHla (7) KaLiHtaw
(3) TaungLonMyaung (8) Paunglaung
(4) BantBweGon (9) MaHuYar
(5) Zamani

Now, Yangon Division is extending the breeding of fish and prawn to provide
sufficient fish and prawn for the local people. In 1988, there were 927 acres of fish
breeding ponds, but now there are 50,786 acres of fish breeding ponds. The area of prawn
breeding ponds has increased to nearly 10,000 acres, up from only 30 acres in the past.
The paddy-plus-fish project is making progress year by year. The table indicates the
progress of its livestock and fishery sector.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Yangon Division

- Buffalo 138000 124000 14000
- Cattle 491000 534000 43000
- Sheep/goat 32000 67000 35000
- Pig 273000 478000 205000
- Chicken 3484000 14758000 11274000
- Duck 1597000 1828000 231000
- Turkey, goose, muscovy duck - 194000 -
-Quail - 174000 174000
- Number 1X100000 - 10.42 10.42
Prawn breeding acre 30.00 58524.00 57596.50
- Production 1X100000 16.84 1632.08 1615.24
- Sale 1X100000 13.87 1160.46 1146.59
Forest Conservation
The government is growing trees and forming forests for greening of the Central
Myanmar including Mt Popa. At the same time, it is taking measures for greening of the
entire Yangon Division.
Development in the forestry sector of Yangon Division


Reserved forest sq/mile - 428 -
Natural forests sq/mile 2.41 2.41 -
- Teak special plantation acre - 8000 8000
- Industrial plantation acre - 500 500
(in Million) 0.90 15.76 14.86
Transport
Yangon Division enjoyed smooth transport to an extent in the past. There are local
and international sea and air freights and trains and bus terminals in the division.
But, people have to rely on ferry services in the region as it is teeming with many
rivers and creeks. Thanlyin Bridge is one and only facility that links Yangon East and
West. Transport had been poor for a long time in the region.
The government is upgrading Yangon City which was famous in Asia in the past.
It has built Hline River crossing bridge and Aungzeya bridge and a new road to directly
links the region with Ayeyawady Division. It has also built many roads that lead to
Yangon-Mandalay Highway. There have emerged town-to-town roads and village-to-
village roads such as Kaddapana-Khanaung-Zwebar-gondan-Kwani-Kamar-kalok road.
A total of 23 bridges, each of which is more than 180 feet long, including six large
bridges have emerged in the division. Maha Bandoola Bridge (Pazundaung), Ngamoeyeik
Bridge (Thingangyun), Hline River crossing bridge (Shwepyitha), Hline River crossing
bridge (Myochaung), Bawle River crossing bridge (Yebawthoung) and Aungzeya Bridge
(Insein) have contributed towards better transport of the region. On completion of the
seven bridge projects, local people can travel by car to all parts of the country. The table
indicates progress of the region’s transport sector.
Aungzeya Bridge linking Insein and Hlinethaya Townships in Yangon

Development in the transportation sector of Yangon Division

Railways
- passenger 1X1000 22774.4 24281.8 1507.4
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 326.6 500.5 173.9
- Goods/mile mile 59591.2 106424.8 46833.6
Airway
Waterway
-Jetty (local transportation) 36 54 18
-Jetty (for vessel) 13 29 16
- tarred road mile 228/0 328/4 100/4
- hard road mile 6/0 72/7 66/7
- earth road mile - 79/4 79/4
Construction of Bridge
- Public Work
Six major bridges Seven major bridges under construction
1. Aungzeya Bridge (Insein) 1. Yangon-Thanlyin Bridge No 2
2. Maha Bandoola Bridge (Pazundaung) 2. Bawchaung Bridge (Thanlyin)
3. Ngamoeyeik Bridge (Thingangyun) 3. ShweLinBan Bridge (Hlaingthaya)
4. Hlaing River Crossing Bridge (Shwepyitha) 4. NgaMoeYeik Bridge (Kamakyi)
5. Hlaing River Bidge (Myochaung) (Thingangyun)
6. BawLeBridge (YePawThaung) 5. RakhaingGyaung Bridge (Twantay)
Communications
It is vividly visible that the entire nation has witnessed remarkable development in
numerous sectors. The government is taking steps for development of border areas and
rural regions and urban areas.
Now, it is putting into motion the border areas development project, the special
regions development project, the nine- district greening project, the 24 special regions
development project, and the five-task rural development project for national develop-
ment.
The Table depicts progress the region is making in the communication sector.
Communication station in Bahan Township, Yangon Division

Development in the communication sector of Yangon Division


Facsimile 1 3289 3288
Telephone
-direct line line 35357 260292 224935
- auto radio telephone phone - 1996 1996
-CDMA telephone phone - 28356 28356
-cellular telephone phone - 13110 13110
- DECT telephone phone - 459 459
GSM telephone phone - 70867 70867
-telephone density 1X1000 7.58 41.58 34
-Rural telephone
- X.25 line - 126 126
Optial fibre line - 9041 9041
Satellite station
-DOMSAT station - - -
-VSAT station - - -
-Satellite ground
station station - 1 1
-Satellite channel - 601 601
-Submarine cable - 1012 1012
-Overseas
telephone channel - 1613 1613
Line extension under implementation
Hanthawady, Bahan, Maunghtawlay, Thingangyun, Insein, Shwepyitha,
Total 29500 lines
DECT phone project first phase (under implementation)
Yangon Division 2000 lines
Electric Power
Yangon Division consumed 545.077 million units of electricity in 1988. However,
the Tatmadaw government has been able to increase the amount nearly six times, ac-
counting for 3,084.312 million units.
The region’s population has increased by 1.9 million. The living standard of local
people has become higher to a certain degree. In the past, on average a household could
use an electric apparatus, and now a citizen can use close to the rate of an electric
apparatus.
A careful analysis of increasing number of industrial zones and factories in the
region will reveal the electricity requirement that is interrelated with the nation’s im-
provement and changes for the better.
Now is the time when the government is making sustained endeavours for all-round
development of the nation. It has constructed irrigation facilities in the regions where
water was scarce for ensuring long-tern benefits of the nation and the people. Simulta-
neously, it is constructing Union Highways and bridges of various sizes and types across
the nation. It has also built universities, colleges, schools in addition to construction and
upgrading of hospitals and health care centres for raising the health standard of the
people.
So far, almost all the infrastructures have been constructed. Now, the government
is seeking all possible ways and means for boosting generation of electricity. The table
represents progress of the electric power sector of Yangon Division.
Power plant (Ahlon) in Yangon Division

Development in the electric power sector of Yangon Division

Power plants
-Reclying power plant plant - 4 4
-Steam engine plant plant 1 1 -
-Natural gas-powered plant plant 1 5 4
Steam engine plant completed Natural Gas-powered plant

1.Ywama 30.00 megawatt (large size) 1. Ywama 36.900 Megawatt (Large)
(1988) (1988)
Recycling power plant completed 2. Thaketa 57.000 Megawatt (Large)
1. Thaketa 35.00 Megawatt (Large) 3. Ahlon 99.000 Megawatt (Large)
2. Ahlon 54.300 Megawatt (Large) 4. Hlawgar 99.000 Megawatt (Large)
3. Hlawgar 54.300 Megawatt (Large) 5. Ywama 23.000 Megawatt (Large)
4. Ywama 9.400 Megawatt (Large)
Natural gas-fired power plant (Hlawgar) in Yangon Divison

Industry
The goal “transforming the agro-based nation into an industrialized one” will come
true in the near future. The government has organized scattered factories into industrial
zones. It is giving encouragement to technical experts for the industrial development.
It is heartening to note that many requirements have been fulfilled for industrial
development of Yangon Division. It has established four industrial zones in the region
— Yangon East Industrial Zone, Yangon West Industrial Zone, Yangon South Industrial
Zone, and Yangon North Industrial Zone in the region. In each industrial zone are many
small enterprises.
In Yangon East Industrial Zone are Nos 1, 2 and 3 South Dagon Industrial Zones,
Dagon Myothit (Seikkan Township Industrial Zone, Yangon Industrial Zone, Shwepaukkan
Industrial Zone, North Okkalapa Industrial Zone, South Okkalapa Industrial Zone and
Thakayta Industrial Zone.
In Yangon West Industrial Zone, there are Mayangon, Hline, and Kamayut indus-
trial zones; in Yangon South Industrial Zone, Thanlyin, Kyauktan, and Kayan industrial
zones; and in Yangon North Industrial Zone, Hlinethaya, Shwepyitha and Mingaladon
industrial zones.
Yangon East Industrial Zone is made up of 1,136 enterprises; Yangon West Indus-
trial Zone, 621; Yangon South Industrial Zone, 382; and Yangon North Industrial Zone,
539, totalling 2,678.
The region has 5,786 private-run factories and 4,833 cottage industries alongside
241 State-owned factories. The table compared the region’s project of the industrial
sector in 1988 and that at present.
Development in the industrial sector of Yangon Division

-Industrial Zone - 4 4
-Industries industry - 2678 2678
-Private industry industry - 5786 -
Energy
There has emerged an onshore oilfield (Aphyauk) in Yangon Division. The table
shows production of gas and oil of the oilfield.
Development in the energy sector of Yangon Division


Oilfield (Inland) field - 1 1
Gas pipeline mile 32.6 235.99 203.39
Crude Oil Production barrel - 159 159
Natural Gas Production Cubic ft - 3745.78 3745.78
Oil Refinery Gallon
(1X1000000) - 114.928 114.928
Plants 1 4 3
- Oil Refinery plant 1 1 -
- Fertilizer plant - 1 1
- tar plant - 1 1
- Carbon dioxide plant - 1 1
Education
Thanks to the education promotion plan, the youths both the in the hilly regions and
in the plains have enjoyed better opportunities to pursue education. Regarding the basic
education sector, all school-aged children have enjoyed the opportunity to attend primary
school, and equality to continue to pursue middle and high school education.
The government has established 298 post-primary schools, and there are nearly 1
million basic education students in Yangon Division.
With respect to the higher education sector, a total of close to the number of two
million students go to Yangon University, Yangon Institute of Economics, Yangon In-
stitute of Education, Yangon University of Distance Education, Dagon University, Yangon
Univer-sity of Foreign Languages, Yangon East University, Yangon West University,
National Management College, Yankin Education College, Hlegu Education College, and
Thingangyun Education College in Yangon Division.
Now, the primary school enrolment rate of Yangon Division has risen to 99.30 per
cent and the adult literacy rate, 97.40 per cent. The table shows the division’s progress
of the education sector.
Development in the education sector of Yangon Division

- Preprimary school
Myanmar Maritime University in Thilawa industrial region in Yangon Division

Subject Count 1988 31-122005 Progress
Teachers education
- Education college college - 3 3
School dropout rate
- Institute 5 2 -
-University 1 6 5
- College - 3 3
- University of Foreign Languages 1 - -
Wide area network - 1 1

To the graduation parade of the 7th Intake of Defence Services Technological
Academy which was held in PyinOo Lwin, Head of State Senior General Than Shwe
gave guidance, saying that the Tatmadaw Government has laid down and implemented
the economic objective — Development of agriculture as the base and for all-round
development of other sectors of economy as well. Thanks to the collective efforts of the
Tatmadaw, the Government and the people, clusters of infrastructures have already been
built in all necessary places. More infrastructures will be built in the future, too. Because
of the energetic efforts to extend sown acreage, increase per acre yield, and introduce
new crops species, the nation now is enjoying surplus rice.
As the nation is able to produce enough food for the people, we will have to
establish an industrial nation for the prosperity of the national people. But the setting up
of an industrialised nation needs a large number of qualified human resources. Hence, the
Government has established 24 development zones, the project covering the task to
develop human resources simultaneously in the entire nation. The rural development
tasks are being attached to the project for development of all regions of the nation. Now,
all the nationalities have the opportunity to get access to science and technological studies
in their own regions.
In addition, the Government is giving priority to increased generation of electricity
for industrial development. In this situation, you will have to strive as the human resources
building a developed nation, while striving to further promote the science and technological
sectors of the Tatmadaw. As the saying, which goes, ‘The taller the person, the longer
his shade’, the task to build an industrial nation will be swifter and speedier, only if you
try to enhance your ability. These words of guidance are signs of good prospects for the
nation.
Now, concerted efforts are being made to produce qualified human resources to
build a modern, developed nation. The table shows the number of universities related to
science and technology built in Yangon Division.
Development in the science and technology sector of Yangon Division

Technological Institute college 1 1 1
- Yangon Institute of Technology college 1 1 1
- Number of Faculty member teacher 256 484 228
- Number of student (graduate) student 687 10947 10261
- Computer colleges college 1 1 -
Yangon Computer College college 1 1 -
Technological College institute - 2 2
- Government Technical College (Hmawby) institute - 1 1
- Government Technical College (Thanlyin) college - 1 1
- Technical Institute institute 1 1 -
- Government Technology Institute (Insein) institute 1 1 -
Health
Nowadays, public health care services are being provided as a priority to give
medical treatment and take disease control measures. Hospitals (200-bed) have been built
in the 24 development regions. All hospitals have been upgraded into 200-bed ones
complete with all necessary facilities.
Hospitals in every township have also been upgraded. Public health care services
are being carried out by appointing specialists for 12 specialised subjects in all 200-bed
hospitals. The table shows the development of health sector of Yangon Division.
Development in the health sector of Yangon Division

- Specialist hospital hospital 9 9 -
- Teaching hospital hospital 3 3 -
- Maternal and Child Health Centre centre 21 22 1

- Nurse nurse 1652 2174 522
- Skilled labourer labourer 118 158 40
Traditional medicne
- Traditional Medicine Hospital hospital 1 1 -
Institute institute 4 5 1
- Institute of Medicine institute 2 2 -
- Institute of Dental institute 1 1 -
- Institute of Nursing institute 1 1 -
- Institute of Pharmacy institute - 1 1
- Institute of Paramedical Sciences institute - 1 1
Traditional medicine hospital in Bahan Township, Yangon Division

Development of Human Resources and the Union

New generation youths are the ones responsible for accelerating the momentum of
building a modern, developed nation. They will have to shoulder their duties in the
interests of the nation and people. It is the duty of our entire national people to safeguard
our motherland. The State is producing human resources to serve the interests of the
Union throughout their life. The table shows the sector of development of human resources.
Human resource development sector of Yangon Division


- Institute of Civil Service institute 1 1 -
- Number of faculty member member 57 103 46
- Number of student student 1327 10528 9201
- Myanmar Maritime University university - 1 1
- Number of faculty member member - 113 113
- Number of student student - 1109 1109
Cultural Institute institute - 1 1
National Management College institute - 1 1
- Number of faculty member member - - -
- Number of student student - - -
- NYRD Degree College university - 1 1
Cooperative College college - 2 2
- Parahita (tiger) School school - 1 1
- Institute of Marine Technology institute 1 1 -
- Number of faculty member member - - -
- Number of student student 40 300 260
Development Affairs
The State and the people are making combined efforts for rural and urban
development. The people are now contributing to the supply of rural drinking water, rural
education sector and rural health sector by using their raised funds. The table shows the
development of rural regions in Yangon Division.
Development in the development affairs sector of Yangon Division

Urban development
- Urban roads mile 147/6 186/6 39
- Gravelled road mile 10/7 4/0 (-)6/7
- Earth road mile 77/6 89/4 11/5
- Urban bridge bridge - 521 521
- Urban water supply task
Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 239/4 949/2 709/6
- Gravelled road mile 70/7 65/7 (-)5
- Earth road mile 120/7 539/6 418/7
- Rural bridge bridge - 277 277

The Tatmadaw Government is working hard side by side with the people to improve
the socio-economy of all the people of the country. It can be seen now that Myanmar
engineers are actively participating in the projects for construction of dams, power stations
and bridges.
Similarly, all people including those from rural areas, pensioners, academics and
technicians are co-operating in the efforts for development of education and health sectors.
Table N shows the number of facilities built in the division for the development of
mass media.

Yangon Division
- e-library library - 2 2
-Daily daily - 3 3
Dalies
1. TheMyanma Alin
2. The Kyemone
3. The New Light of Myanmar
Ayeyawady Division marching to new
There is a saying, which goes, “Time and tide waits for no man.” And another
proverb says, “No opportunity comes twice to cross a river”. The proverbs symbolize the
changing situation in this world.
Ayeyawady River is flowing quietly and constantly day and night till reaching its
destination, which is the sea.
The Ayeyawady rises in Kachin State in the north of Myanmar. It meets with
Chindwin River in Sagaing Division. It also merges with a number of rivers and creeks
which originate in the mountains of Chin and Rakhine states. The mighty river has many
tributaries that rise in the Shan and Kayah states in the east. It passes though Mandalay,
Magway, Bago and Ayeyawady divisions and drains into the sea into which other rivers
and creeks flowing from Yangon Division, Mon and Kayin states and Taninthayi Divi-
sion also empty.
At the meeting No 2/2004 of the Central Committee for Development of Border
Areas and National Races held on 30 December 2004, Head of State Senior General Than
Shwe gave guidance, saying, “It is a common knowledge that the Central Committee was
founded with lofty aims. The Government has held negotiations with the armed groups
to come back to the legal fold, so that it will cooperate with nationalities of border areas
for national development, peace and stability.
299
“It has built mutual trust with the groups, while striving to develop the border areas,
to free the people of the areas from backwardness, and to improve the social standard of
the national races for flourishing of the consolidated Union.
“Thanks to the formation of the respective committees, with firm objectives, the
task is achieving success leading to promoting mutual understanding and amity among
the national people, and ensuring peace and stability in the border areas, and laying down
sound foundations for regional development. The Committee has laid sound transport,
health, education and economic foundations to raise the living standard of the locals.
“The task for progress of border areas must be accelerated in the regions where a
development drive is needed, without losing sight of the project’s objective of narrowing
the gap between one region and another in the whole nation. Greater efforts should be
made to develop the health, education, transport and economic sectors of the regions
which lag behind in development to a certain degree. The progress in border areas will
help the development drive reach the whole nation and further unify all the nationalities.
“Only if we can obtain constant progress phase by phase annually, will we be able
to development the whole nation and bring the nationalities closer as a unified strength.
“We will have to make harmonious efforts greater the following day than today in
launching the border areas development drive for the nation’s long-term interest, and
further cementing the national solidarity.”
The Tatmadaw Government is in the process of building the consolidated Union,
and a peaceful, modern and developed nation without fail.
“There will be greater development tomorrow, and the development must continue
throughout the future generations. The development drive must reach all the regions of
the Union. There must be solidarity among the nationalities.” And with those convictions,
the Government has been striving to develop the entire nation including the Ayeyawady
Division. Now, the developments of the division will be presented.
Ayeyawady Division
Ayeyawady Division is located in the south-western part of the central plains of
Myanmar. The 13,567 square-mile division is sharing a common land border with Bago
Division in the east and north, Yangon Division in the east, and Rakhine State in the
north-east and touching the Bay of Bengal in the west and Andaman Sea in the south.
The majority of its people are Bamar, Kayin and Rakhine races. Its population is 7,511,000
and its population density is 554 persons per square mile.
On the west stretch the Rakhine Yoma ranges forming a thin coastal strip of land
facing the sea. As the division is a delta, it’s land surface is flat and criss-crossed by
numerous rivers and creeks. It has also a number of lakes. Of the rivers that branching
out from the mighty Ayeyawady, Ngawun, Pathein and Toe are famous.
Ngwe Hsaung Beach in Pathein Township, Ayeyawady Division

Agriculture
As it is a delta region and its soil is fertile, Ayeyawady Division is a reliable region
for the nation in terms of economy. Production volume of its agricultural and fish and
meat industries is large. The division is renowned as the rice bowl of Myanmar. But in
the past successive eras, the division had not achieved progress as much as it deserved.
During his visit to the division on 14 November 2004, Head of State Senior General
Than Shwe said, “Human society never stops advancing at a place. We must always
make efforts for its development. As the nation’s population is growing annually, it will
have 100 million people in the next 30 years or so. From now on, we must systematically
extend sown acreage and raise the per acre yield to ensure sufficient food for the growing
population in the future.
“We will never let our new generations face anxiety rising from food insufficiency
when we are no more. Thus, we will have to do what we should do for the future
generations.
“In addition to the agricultural and fish and meat sectors, we will also strive to
develop the industrial sector of the division. The division has bright prospects to further
develop the agro-based industries, wood-based industries, and aqua-based industries.
“As the Government has used a large amount of financial power to build roads and
bridges in the division, it can now facilitate its transport and is achieving sustainable
development. As the government on its part has already rendered necessary assistance for
Ayeyawady Division, it should develop itself more by effectively utlizing the rich land,
water and forest resources. The division has an adequate number of human resources that
can add value to the natural resources. What the division needs is innovative efforts.”
If Ayeyawady Division serves the nation only as a rice bowl, the nation will not
advance. It should strive to increase its production volume many times. Only then will
the local people enjoy prosperity and progress. The Government has added value to the
natural resources of the division.
The Government has reclaimed wet lands and inundated areas, and built dams for
irrigation and sluice gates to store water the whole year.
It has built Panhlaing and Mezali sluices gates, each with 20,000-acre irrigation
capacity, in Nyaungdon Township, Nankathu Dam, with 14,000-acre irrigation capacity,
in Ingapu Township, Wadaw and Htani sluice gates, each with 15,000-acre irrigation
capacity, in Maubin Township. A total of 23 waterworks have been built in the division
to irrigate crops with river water.
Thanks to the assistance of the Government, Ayeyawady Division has increased

over 200,000 acres of new cultivation fields. The division can now grow 3.5 million acres
of monsoon paddy and 1.4 million acres of summer paddy. The sown acreage of the
division is 29 per cent of the total sown acreage of the nation. The division produces 370
million baskets of paddy annually. The 20,000-acres irrigation capacity Kunchaung Dam
in Kyangin Township, the 10,000 acre irrigation capacity Mamya Dam in Myanaung
Township, and the 25,000-acre irrigation capacity Kanyin Dam in Ingapu Township are
under construction at present. Thus, the division’s annual paddy output will reach 400
million baskets in the near future. Hence, it is going to contribute one-third of the 1,200
million baskets, the nation’s target.
The table shows the development of the agricultural sector of Ayeyawady Division.
Nankathu Dam in Ingapu Township

Development in the agriculture sector of Ayeyawady Division

Land
cultivable land
Water supply task
- Task completed 72 79
- Task being carried out - - 3 7
- Benefited area acre 1594508 1916929 3
- Benefited acres acre - 98427 6
- Benefited area acre - 31229 73
Total benefited area 1594508 2052754 458246
Cultivation of paddy
- monsoon paddy acreage acre 3132553 3600351 467798
- Summer paddy acreage acre - 1421860 1421860
- Total production basket 188196 370493 182298
- local rice sufficiency percent - 296 296
Development in the agriculture sector of Ayeyawady Division

Cotton acreage acre - 675 675
Sugarcane acreage acre - 304 304
Jute acreage acre - 51959 -
Maize acre 13024 70064 57040
Rubber acre 92 2486 2394
Pepper acreage acre - 5619 5619
- Groundnut acre 98742 107559 8817
- Sesame acre - 32658 -
- Sunflower acre - 237708 -
-Niger acre 1105 6538 5433
-Oil eugenia acre - 2350 2350
-Thitseint acre - 20179 20179
-Safflower acre - 601 601
-Physic nut acre - 1000 1000
1. Kunchaung 20000 acres (Kyangin)
2. Ma Mya 10000 acres (Myanaung)
3. Kanyin 25000 acres (Ingabu)
Farmers threshing high-yield paddy using thresher


The Ayeyawady Division is making significant progress in the livestock and fishery
sector. The region has a lot of rivers, creeks and lakes and there are fish and prawn in
abundance in the region. The government has upgraded the region’s fish and prawn
sector. The table shows progress of the region’s livestock and fishery sector.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Ayeyawady Division


- Buffalo 297000 331000 34000
- Cattle 1119000 1120000 1000
- Sheep/goat 31000 71000 40000
- Pig 606000 843000 237000
- Chicken 5460000 11058000 5598000
- Duck 1789000 2690000 901000
- Number 1X100000 - 19.97 19.97
- Production 1X100000 6.41 971.16 784.75
- Sale 1X100000 5.93 295.06 289.13
- Number of fingerlings
released into Ayeyawady River 1X100000 - 48.50 48.50
Forest Conservation
Ayeyawady Division is a delta adjacent to the Sea. It is conserving and protecting
mangroveforests for maintenance of the rivers and creeks. The table indicates local peo-
ple’s active participation in the tasks for forest conservation.
Development in the forestry sector of Ayeyawady Division

Reserved forest sq/mile 2781 2781 -

Protected public forest sq/mile 1.34 53.12 52.78
- Teak special plantation acre - 16000 16000
- Commercial plantation acre 1800 33335 31535
- Village firewood acre 950 42088 41135
- Plantation for industry acre - 12600 12600
-Mass tree planting Tree Tree 0.31 18.03 17.72
(in Millinon)
Transport
Before 1988, there were no bridges across Ayeyawady River in the region. Due to
many rivers and creeks, there was poor transport in the past. To make the matter worse,
the British colonialists did not pay any attention to construction of roads.
The Tatmadaw members always made reviews of their experiences wherever they
shouldered duties of national defence across the nation. Even local people did not notice
all the requirements of respective regions, but Tatmadaw members did.
The government has implemented water supply projects where water is scarce. And
it has restored peace and stability wherever there was lack of peace.
In consequence of its endeavours, Ayeyawady Division has enjoyed fruitful results
of better transport. So far, it has constructed 40 bridges in the region including Pathein
Bridge put into commission on 22-11-2004. There have emerged large bridges such as
Ngawun river crossing Ngathaingchaung Bridge, Myaungmya Bridge, Labutta Bridge,
Maubin Bridge, Bo Myat Tun Bridge, Gonnhindan Bridge, Shwelaung Bridge, Wakema
Bridge, Dedaye Bridge, and Dahka Bridge in the region.
Now, people can travel from Yangon to Pathein in comfort and ease. In 1988, there
were roads with a total length of only 440 miles. Now the length of the roads in the
region has increased to nearly 900 miles. On completion of the Pyapon Bridge Project
and the Myinkaseik Bridge Project, local people can travel by car from one place to
another in the region in a few hours. The table reflects progress of the transport sector
of Ayeyawady Division.
Pathein Bridge in Pathein Township, Ayeyawady Division

Development in the transportation sector of Ayeyawady Division

Railways
- miles of railroad mile 147.00 147.00 -
- miles of railtrack mile 191.70 191.70 -
- passenger 1X1000 2299.5 2451.8 152.3
- Goods Ton (1x1000) 61.3 92.2 30.9
- Goods/mile mile 3246.0 6190.8 2944.8
Airways
- Airfield field 1 1 -
- above 5000 ft runway airfield field - 1 1
- under 5000 ft runway airfield field 1 - Upgrading
Water transport
- Jetty 10 11 1
- tarred road mile 193/0 504/6 311/6
- hard road mile 144/0 174/2 30/2
- earth road mile 43/0 211/5 168/5
Construction of Bridge
- Public Works
- Bridge under construction bridge - 5 5
- Bridge to be built bridge - 3 3
Bridges completed in Ayeyawady Division Six bridges under construction
1. Khattiya Bridge (Maubin) 1. Pyapon Bridge (Pyapon)
2. Daydalu Bridge (Pyapon) 2. Myingkaseik Bridge (Myaungmya)
3. Seikma Bridge (Bogalay) 3. MayanNgu Bridge (Myaungmya)
4. MaungBiWa Bridge (Pathein)
4. Natchaung Bridg (Bogalay) 5. KyaukChaungGyi Bridge (Pathein)
5. Myaungmya Bridge (Myaungmya) 6. NgaWun Bridge (Myokwin)
6. Maubin Bridge (Maubin)
7. Bo Myat Tun Bridge (Nyaungdon) Three bridges to be constructed
1. KyunGon Bridge (Einme)
2. KyunPyaThat Bridge (Mawlamyinekyun)
3. Razudaing Bridge (Maubin)
Communications
The communication network of the nation has covered even the rural areas at
present. The table indicates the development of communication sector in the division.
Development in the communication sector of Ayeyawady Division
Facsimile 1 66 65
Telephone
- telephone office 31 94 63
- telephone line 4795 24344 19549
- exchange 31 66 35
- direct line 4389 20097 15708
- auto/manual phone 4389 18623 14234
- auto radio phone - 812 812
-teledensity 1X1000 0.78 2.66 1.88
Rural telephone - 29 29
e-mail, internet - 3 3
Satellite station
- DOMSAT station - - -
- VSAT station - 1 1
- iPSTAR station - - -
- Submarine Cable
station station - 1 1
Extension of Auto Telephone Line Auto-exchange project under implementation
(under implementation) 1. Nyaungdon (700 lines)
1. Bogalay (500 lines) 2. Pantanaw (500 lines)
2. NgweHsaung (500 lines) 3. Kyaungkon (500 lines)
4. Wakema (600 lines)
3. Chaungtha (500 lines) 5. Mawlamyinekyun (700 lines)
Total (1500 lines) 6. Labutta (600 lines)
Total 3600 lines
Electricity
The power consumption in the division in 1988 was 100.114 million units. The
present consumption is over 170.114 million units. Thanks to the national grid, more
power can be distributed to regions with greater consumption power.
All the sectors of the nation are developing rapidly because of the adoption of the
market-oriented economy. More farm machinery are being used at modern farms. The
number of private and State-owned industries is increasing. More towns have emerged
and the living standard is rising. Thus, electricity consumption of the nation is increasing
roughly at 15 per cent annually. Yangon consumes 450 megawatts, up from about 130
megawatts 15 years ago.
Plans are being implemented in accord with the guidance of the Head of State to
increase generation capacity to generate 2,000 more megawatts based on the nation’s rich
water resources. In accord with the head of State’s guidance, the nation is implementing
the 30-year power project and five-year short-term projects. The projects cover the 79-
megawatt Yeywa Hydel Power Project, the 280-megawatt Paunglaung Hydel Power Project,
the 60-megawatt Kunchaung Hydel Power Project, the 30-megawatt Khaboung Hydel
Power Project, the 40-megawatt Phyuchaung Hydel Power Project, the 75-megawatt
Shwekyin Hydel Power Project, the 25-megawatt Yenwe Hydel Power Project, and the
54-megawatt Kengtawng Hydel Power Project in southern Shan State are under construc-
tion. Efforts are being made for early completion of the 400-megawatt Shweli Hydel
Power Project in northern Shan State. A 60-megawatt turbine of the 120-megawatt Tikyit
coal-burn power station will soon to be in operation.

Development in the electric power sector of Ayeyawady Division


Current installed power megawatt 91.777 37.168 -
- Hydel power plant completed
-Natural gas- fired plant 2 1 shift
-Diesel-used plant plant 80 12 national
grid
Completed hydel power plant

1. Biluchaung-2 168.000 megawatt (heavy) (1988)
2. Hpahsaung 0.108 megawatt (small) (1988)
3. Biluchaung-1 28.00 megawatt (heavy)
Energy
Myanaung oil field was discovered in the division in 1964, Shwepyitha oil field in
1967, and Htantabin oil field in 1980. Two more new fields were found in 1960 and 1984
respectively, but they are not in operation at present. At present, Myanaung, Shwepyitha
and Nyaungdon fields are producing oil and gas.
The Yadana offshore oil and gas well was discovered in 1998. It is producing
natural gas. More offshore wells are being drilled at present. The table has more.
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Senior General Than Shwe
inspects Nyaungdon Oilfield.
Development in the energy sector of Ayeyawady Division

- Oilfield (Inland) field 5 3 completed
- Oilfield (Off Shore) field - 1 1
Gas pipeline mile 46.51 323.03 276.52
- Inland mile 46.51 68.03 21.52
- Off Shore (Inder water) mile - 216.00 216.00
- Off Shore (Over water) mile - 39.00 39.00
Crude Oil Production barrel 170175 498799 328624
Natural Gas Production Cubic ft - 253846.49 253846.49
Plants
- Liquified Natural Gas plant - 1 1
- Methanol plant 1 1 -
Three Oilfields (Inland)
1. Myanaung 2. Shwepyitha 3. Nyaungdon
Industries
Like the parents who equally look after their children, the Tatmadaw Government
is striving to ensure equitable progress for all the 14 states and divisions of the Union.
The Government has been assisting the people of all the regions to become pros-
perous, developed and educated, as they are playing their own role in serving the national
interest, while having the fraternal spirit among them.
Thus, the Government has been building dams and irrigation facilities, roads, bridges,
hospitals, schools and is rendering assistance to set up commercial livestock and fish and
prawn farms. The Government has paved the correct way for all to march towards the
national goal.
The people have unitedly set up a number of milestones in their march to the
golden land of unity and amity. Now they are in the process of building an industrial
nation. Please see the table to know the industrial development of the division.
Development in the industrial sector of Ayeyawady Division


-Industrial Zone - 3 3
-Industries industry - 1251 1251
-State-owned industry industry 59 64 5
Education
The Government has been implementing a programme to reduce the number of
school dropouts due to certain reasons. The programme ensures youths to complete their
studies, while helping the family business.
The Government’s education plans include producing of teachers and professors at
their own regions, ensuring rural people to pursue vocational education at their native
areas and producing intellectuals and intelligentsia to help develop the motherland till
standing on a par with other nations.
The Tatmadaw Government has built Pathein University, Hinthada University,
Maubin University, Pathein Education College, Bogale Education Collage, and Myaungmya
Education College. The division now has 66,993 students of higher education, up from
4,920 in the past. There are now 6,324 basic education schools in the division. The
primary school enrolment rate and adult literacy rate are raising high in the division. The
table shows the education development of the division.
Government Technological College in Pathein, Ayeyawady Division

Development in the education sector of Ayeyawady Division


- Preprimary school
Teachers education
- Education College college 3 3 -
- Number of teacher teacher 121 121 -
School enrolement rate percent 70.52 98.07 27.55
School dropout rate
- Degree College 1 - Upgrading
-College 1 3 2
Teaching programmes progremme 8 78 70

At present, succes has been achieved in building development, economic, and ur-
ban infrastructures with the strength of Myanmar engineers and architects. Please see the
table for more information.
Development in the science and technology sector of
Ayeyawady Division
- Government Technological College (Hinthada) college - 1 1
- Government Technological College (Pathein) college - 1 1
- Government Technological College (Maubin) college - 1 1
- Computer College college - 3 3
- Government Computer College (Hinthada) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Maubin) college - 1 1
- Government Computer College (Pathein) college - 1 1
- Government Technical Institute (Wakema) institute - 1 1
Technical High School (Pathein) School - 1 1
Health
The government is stepping up its efforts to uplift the health and fitness standard
of the entire people and to help the citizens to stay away from diseases. Its health care
concerns have thoroughly covered the whole nation. So, the Ayeyawady Division has
enjoyed fruitful results of better health standard. In 1988, there was only one 200-bed
hospital, but now the region has been facilitated with three 200-bed hospitals. It has
appointed more health staff in the medical facilities in proportion with the regions and
populations. The table reflects the government’s efforts to help local people of Ayeyawady
Division to enjoy longevity and be free from diseases.
Development in the health sector of Ayeyewady Division

- 100-bed hospital 4 2
Upgrading
- 50-bedhospital 5 7 2
- 25-bedhospital 5 4 Upgrading
- 16-bedhospial 10 10 -
- School Health Team team 6 9 3

Development in the health sector of Ayeyewady Division

- Nursenurse 275 773 498
Training School
- Midwifery Training School school 1 1 -
New hospital built in Maubin, Ayeyawady Division

Development Affairs
In the past, many parts of Ayeyawady Division were, like islands, surrounded by
water. Now, with new roads and bridges, the region has developed remarkably. The total
length of its rural roads has risen to over 3,000 miles, up from 376 miles and two furlongs
in the past. It means the region has escaped from the position in which it had to rely
mainly on waterways. The table represents better transport the region is enjoying.
Development in the development affairs sector of Ayeyawady Division


Urban development
- Urban roads mile 490/4 631/5 141/1
- Gravelled road mile 89/4 103/0 13/4
- Earthen road mile 221/4 275/6 54/2
- Urban bridge bridge - 1413 1413
- Urban water supply task
Rural Development
- Rural roads mile 376/2 3048/4 2672/2
- Gravelled road mile 140/7 465/3 342/4
- Earthen road mile 174/2 2399/7 2225/5
- Rural bridge bridge - 412 412
- Rural water supply task
- Rural housing house - 170 170
Information and Public Relation

I have presented progress of the 14 states and divisions which are mini unions
marching to the new land of unity and amity. I present progress of Ayeyawady Division
and my article has come to an end here.
The Ayeyawady River rises from Kachin State and passes through Ayeyawady
Division and flows into the Sea. Similarly, the Tatmadaw Government’s nation-building
endeavours have covered the border areas, the hilly regions and the plains. Like the
Ayeyawady River that flows regularly in the nation, the Tatmadaw Government will
always continue to carry out nation-building tasks in the interests of the people and pos-
terity. The table shows the government’s efforts to enhance knowledge of rural people.

Ayeyawady Division

- e-library library - 5 5
The plenary session of the National Convention held at Pyidaungsu Hall of

Nyaunghnapin Camp in Hmawby Township, Yangon Division
The opening of sports ground in Muse, Shan State (North)

Myanmar marching to new golden

land of unity and amity
Lying in the south-eastern peninsular of the Asian continent, Myanmar has emerged
as an independent and sovereign nation since over 2,000 years ago.
Touching the Andaman Sea in the south and Bay of Bengal in the west, Myanmar is
sharing a common land border with China in the north and north-east, Laos and Thailand
in the east and south-east, and Bangladesh and India in the west on a contiguous land-
mass.
The breadth of the 261,228-square-mile country is 582 miles from east to west at the
widest point and the length from the northernmost tip to the southernmost end is 1,275
miles. Of its 5,200-mile long border line, 3,808 miles stand as a common land border
with her neighbours. From the Naff River mouth in the north to the Cape of Bayintnaung
in the south, its coastline is 1,385 miles long. From the coast to the end line of the special
economic zone, the territorial waters cover over 14,000 square miles.
Fifty-one per cent or over 130,000 square miles of its land surface is covered by
forests. Its landscape includes mountain ranges, and basins where large and small rivers
and creek are flowing. The four largest rivers are the Ayeyawady, the Chindwin, the
Thanlwin and the Sittoung. The Ayeyawady, its length exceeding 1,000 miles, is flowing
in the nation from north to south. It is included in the world’s renowned rivers.
The land is rich in natural resources including gems, teak and oil. Its abundant supply
of water resources and fertile soil are a gift of nature to grow various kinds of crops, with
paddy as the main crop.
Because of her strategic location between the south Asia and the Southeast Asia and
her correct stand in foreign relations, Myanmar is known in the world as the golden land.
Like the jewels, the seven states and seven divisions are helping shine the nation. They
all form the Union, where mutual reliance plays an important role among all the regions.
Since time immemorial, over 100 national races including Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin,
Mon, Bamar, Rakhine and Shan have been living in the Union, which is like a common
stem bearing over 100 fruits, with fraternal friendship. The neighbouring countries of the
region know the national races of the Union as people of the golden land.
The population of Myanmar is increasing two per cent annually, and her current
population is about 54.7 million. As her population in 1988 was nearly 39.3 million, she
now has 15.4 million new-born under-16 youths.
A nation’s future is shaped by the past and present situations and future visions. The
Tatmadaw Governemnt has been discharging the State duties at present in accord with
the historical requirement. As the Tatmadaw Government is leading the nation towards
a new age, it has brought unprecedented developments to the nation during the period of
16 years.
At the graduation of Defence Service Technological Academy held on 24 December
2004, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Commander-in-Chief of
Defence Services Senior General Than Shwe said, “Soon after the regaining of independ-
ence, the national unity faced grave deterioration and the nation experienced the lack of
peace and tranquillity. The agro-based national economy fell below the level at which
food and other necessities could not satisfy the growing population. At a time when other
countries had entered the industrial age, our nation lost its way, and was in backwardness,
without having any capital for progress. In the end, the political sector of the nation
reached beyond control resulting from the economic slump.
“In this regard, the Tatmadaw Government has laid down and implemented the eco-
nomic objective — Development of agriculture as the base and for all-round development
of other sectors of economy as well. Thanks to the collective efforts of the Tatmadaw,
the Government and the people, clusters of agricultural infrastructures have already been
built in all necessary places. More infrastructures will be built in the future also. Because
of the energetic efforts to extend sown acreage, increase per acre yield, and introduce
new crops, the nation now is enjoying surplus rice. “If a nation is able to produce enough
food for the people, it will have to establish an industrial nation for the prosperity of the
national people. But the setting up of an industrialized nation needs a large number of
qualified human resources. Hence, the Government has established 24 development zones,
the project covering the task to develop human resources simultaneously in the entire
nation. The rural development tasks are being attached to the project for development of
all regions of the nation. Now, all the nationalities have the opportunity to get access to
science and technological studies in their own regions. In addition, the Government is
giving priority to increased generation of electricity for industrial development.”
The Tatmadaw Government is laying an enduring foundation to build a peaceful,
modern and developed nation, with firm objectives and belief — The country must
become a real golden land. The national races of the land must be renowned in the world
as the people of the golden land.

The massive foundation of a new golden land has been laid with the mighty force of
national unity. The Government has extended a warm invitation to all the people living on
the same land and partaking water from the same source to walk along the correct path
towards the common goal. Since the return of the 17 armed groups to the legal, the
Government has launched a comprehensive border areas and national races development
drive to make all the regions enjoy perpetual peace and prosperity. As the border areas are
achieving more progress, so also the national development drive is gaining more ground,
and helping further consolidate the national solidarity. Now, let us see Table A to know the
developments in border areas, the first layer of the foundation of a new golden land.

Myanmar
Road and bridge
- Bridge Maintenance mile - 3321/5 3321/5
-Bridge(large,small, suspension) bridge - 56/735/35 56/735/35
Health care service
-Clinicclinic - - 105 105
- Rural health centre (Branch) centre - 140 140
Education

Agriculture
-Completed Dam dam - 46 46
-Dam to be built dam - 17 17
-Canal canal 5 5
-Land reclamation acre - 1860.24 1860.24
Forestry
Forest Reserve - 11/4 11/4
-Saw mill - 12 12
- Nursery - 14 14
Livestock breeding
-Farm - 19 19
Energy
-Generator station - 262 262
- Towns with hydel power town - 11 11
Public relations
Mining
- Ruby karat - 249280.6 249280.6
-Saphire - 507.70 507.70
Communications
-Telephone service - 85 85
Expendenture kyat (in million) 77435.72 77435.72
Narcotic Drugs Elimination

The Herculean border area development project involves the humanitarian spirit. The
border areas have seen their social development reaching beyond imagination because of
the efforts to find out the core requirement. One of the results of the project is the drastic
fall in the cultivation of poppy and production of narcotic drugs, the evil legacy of the
colonialists. The project has been launched to end the evil legacy and produce sound
developments for the future generations. Table B shows the success achieved in elimi-
nating narcotic drugs.
Drug Elimination Endeavours of Myanmar

-Reducing poppy cultivation acre 61562 9840 52322

(96% decrease)
-Destroying poppy plantation acre 211.35 164965.24 163753.89
(destroy)
- Handing over of Poppy seeds Pyi - 104197 104197
(destroy)
-Destruction of seized narcotic drugs time - 52 52
- Yangon time - 19 19
- State/Division time - 33 33
Cultivation of Poppy substitute
crops
- Annual crop acre - 1290065 1290065
- Perennial crop acre - 147389 147389
Rehabilitation Camp 2 3 1
Drug Elimination Museum - 3 3
Agriculture
The total sown acreage of Myanmar was over 24.8 million acres. There remained 20.8
million acres of fallow and virgin lands in 1988 to be used for agriculture. Paddy sown
acreage them was only 11.5 million acres. As there was no progress at all in the farming
techniques then, the nation’s annual paddy output was stagnant at 653 million baskets.
But the population is increasing and 70 per cent of the nation’s population reside in
rural areas where agriculture is main livelihood. Thus, efforts were needed to double the
paddy production. Since 1992-93, the Government has been launching reforms in the
agricultural sector, and realizing them without fail. It has applied various means to grow
16 million acres of paddy — 12 million acres of monsoon paddy and four
million acres of summer paddy — to produce 1,000 million baskets. In 1988, there were
only 138 dams in the nation and they were irrigating 4.4 million acres of crops.
Only 3.5 million acres of land had been put under double-cropping. More water is
needed to use more land. Thus, dams are being built in all possible places. New dams
numbering 170 have emerged in a period of 16 years. Small dams, tube-wells and hand
pumps are irrigating crops in the areas beyond the reach of tributary canals of the large
dams.
To effectively use water from in the natural watercourses, the Government has built
171 waterworks up to date to increase irrigated acres.
Double-cropping has increased to 10 million acres.
With its 12 million acres of monsoon paddy fields and four million acres of summer
paddy fields, the nation can now stand tall again as a rice bowl of Asia. The present
year’s paddy output is expected to be 1,195 million baskets.
Thanks to the unprecedented progress in the agricultural sector, Myanmar is prosper-
ing as if the land yields gold everywhere.
The states and divisions that could not produce enough rice for their local consump-
tion in the past are now enjoying food sufficiency.
The nation is also witnessing greater increase in beans and pulses production for
export, cultivation of edible crops and industrial crops.
The Tatmadaw Government has been striving to further improve the means of live-
lihood of the growing population of future.
It is preparing to develop the agricultural and other sectors to be able to produce
adequate amount of food and other social items sufficient for a population of 100 million.
Within a short span of time the agricultural sector can see the unprecedented develop-
ments.
Poppy-substitute plantation in Mongmao, Wa Region

Development in the agriculture sector of Myanmar


Land resource
- Sown acreage acre (million) 24.8 28.20 3.40
increase in
- Virgin and vacant land acre(million) 20.8 16.2 cultivable land
Water supply task
- dam, lake, reservoir, drain 138 361 223
Task completed 138 308 170
Benefited acres acre 4414798 6709367 2294569
Task to be carried out - 71 71
- Average benefited area acre - 190737 190737
- Artisen Wells wells - 7535 7535
- Benefited area acre - 90484 90484
- Monsoon paddy acreage acre 11.53 15.04 3.51
- Summer paddy acre - 3.44 3.44
thousand 653.5 1195.2 541.7
- Regional rice sufficiency percent - 143% 143%
Development in the agriculture sector of Myanmar


- cotton acreage acre 424805 778659 353854
- jute acreage acre 133383 66625 66625
buckweat acreage acre - 10406 10406
Oil palm acreage acre 18220 137610 119390
Tea acreage acre 146147 195772 49575
Pepper acreage acre 786 59463 85677
Coffee acreage acre 28041 349236882
Edible oil crops
- Groundnut acre 1327322 1690758 363436
- Sesame acreage acre 2932792 3696408 763616
- Sunflower acre 645486 1317224 671738
- Mustard acre 44872 194621 149749
- Niger acre 93612 263612 170000

Myanmar is rich in fresh water and sea prawns and fishes. Its land is pollution free,
and its waters are uncontaminated. The combined fresh water surface area of Ayeyawady,
Chindwin, Sittoung and Thanlwin rivers and their many tributaries is 8.2 million hec-
tares.
In addition, over six million hectares of land are covered by water for six to eight
months every year. The total area of natural lakes, reservoirs and other man-made lakes
is 1.8 million hectares.
Commercial-scale livestock farms have been set up to produce more meat. The table
shows the development of fish and meat sector of the nation.
Development in the livestock breeding sector of Myanmar


- Buffalo 2241 2752 511
- Cattle 10082 12303 2224
- Sheep/goat 1463 2538 2076
- Pig 3118 6124 3012
- Chicken 33441 90613 57923
- Duck 6028 9831 3640
- Quail - 384 384
- Mythun - 41 41
- Fish breeding pond acre 6300 196759 190459
-Number 1X100000 - 58.82 58.82
Prawn breeding acre acre 30 208596 208566
- Fish released 1X100000 31.29 3967.89 3936.60
- Sale 1X100000 64.05 3722.84 3658.79
Fingerlings released into 1X100000 - 1990.55 1990.55
Ayeyawady River
Forest Conservation
The Tatmadaw Government has been nurturing and educating the people to become
forest lovers.
Forests cover 51 per cent of the nation’s land surface.
But we will face adverse consequences, if we cannot conserve and extend the forests.
Realizing this, the Government has been in the process of launching the project to
green the entire nation.
The Nine-District Greening Project covering Mandalay, Sagaing and Magway divi-
sions, involves the four tasks of finding water resources, conserving and extending for-
ests, establishing village fuel wood forests, and using more wood-substitute fuels.
Beginning 1994-95, the project has been expanded to cover 13 districts. And thanks
to the project, regions in the central dry are is receiving extra amount of rain annually.
For the people of the zone, water is precious even more than gold.
Development in the Forestry sector of Myanmar
Reserved forest 38839 46889 8050
Protected public forest - 12540 12540
Natural area 2073.93 12433.26 10359.33
Setting up of forest (acre) 79115 1311791 1232676
- acres of special teak plantation - 160000 160000
- acres of commercial plantation 42083 515338 473255
- acres of village plantation 16630 297199 280569
- acres of industrial plantation 13690 134245 120555
- acres of watershed plantation 6712 205009 198297
- acres of Thitseint plantation - 19250 19250
Tree planting of community movement 4.51 233.48 228.97

Development in the greening tasks of Myanmar

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005

Progress
Setting up plantations acre - 215916
215916
- firewood plantation acre - 98672 98672
- watershed plantation acre - 68035 68035
- mountain range plantation acre - 17358 17358
- research plantation acre - 416 416
- other plantation acre - 27235 27235
Natural forest conservation acre - 1167681
1167681
Fuel-substitute wood
- stove stove - 381272 381272
- briquette bar - 65243880 65243880
- agricultural waste ton - 165063 165063
Water works
- pond - 1389 1389
- silt-prevented dam - 1210 1210
- underground water - 71 71
Bago mountain range greening work acre -
- plantation acre - 6440 6440
- firewood plantation acre - 115 115
- watershed plantation acre - 5675 5675
- other plantation acre - 350 350
- Natural forest conservation acre - 34250 34250
Shwepontaung greening work acre - 1600 1600
Transport
The Tatmadaw Government has constructed a network of roads and bridges, resulting
in a smooth transport the length and breadth of the nation even in the hilly regions. The
number of small, medium and large bridges, roads and railroads across the country at
present has surged many times if compared to that in 1988.
There have emerged Mandalay-Myitkyina, Mandalay-Bhamo, Myitkyina-Putao, Hpa-
an-Zarthabyin-Mawlamyine, Taunggyi-Ywangan-Hanmyinmo, Pyinmana-Pinlaung,
Sittway-An-Minbu- Kawthoung-Dawei-Mawlamyine, Taungup-Ma-ei-Kyaukpyu,
Monywa-Hkamti Union Highways.
The government constructed Minbu-Seikpyu-Pakokku-Monywa Road and Minhla-
Thayet-Pyay Road to bring further development to the regions on the west bank of the
Ayeyawady River. It has also constructed many roads linking Natmauk and Magway;
Monywa and Kalewa, Toungoo and Pyay, Pyinmana and Taungdwingyi, and these trans-
port facilities link the eastern part and the western part of the nation.
People can travel from Pyay to Taungdwingyi through the central Yoma mountain
range with the use of Pyay-Aunglan-Taungdwingyi Railroad. People also can travel over
the Shan mountain range with the use of Shwenyaung-Taunggyi-Hsaikkhaung Railroad.
There have also emerged Pakokku-ChaungU railroad, Budalin-YeU-KhinU railroad, Pyay-
Aungban-Taungdwingyi-Padaung-Bagan-NyaungU railroad, Namhsan-Mongnai railroad,
Aungpan-Loikaw railroad, Ye-Dawei railroad, Yaymyetni-Gangaw-Kalay railroad and
Shwenyaung-Yaksawk railroad.
Such bridges spanning the Ayeyawady River as Maubin Bridge, Nawade Bridge,
Dedaye Bridge and Bo Myat Tun Bridge came into existence. The government also built
Bala Min Htin Bridge, Anawrahta Bridge, Ayeyawady (Magway) Bridge, and Yadanabon
Bridge (Mandalay). So far, it has constructed two bridges across Chindwin River, three
across Sittoung River and five across Thanlwin River.
With respect to the air transport sector, in the past, there were only six airports which
could serve jet aircraft. But, the number of such airports has increased to 17 in total. The
government has upgraded Heho Airport, Myeik Airport and NyaungU Airport and built
Homalin, Monywa, Magway, An, Pakokku and Kyaukhtu airports. Hkamti, Bhamo and
Lashio airport construction projects and Kengtung, Yangon and Pathein airport upgrading
projects, and Yangon and Anisakhan airport construction projects are under way.
The government has constructed 26 jetties for local vessels and 16 jetties for foreign
vessels. The transport facilities all over the nation help forge national solidarity and raise
the social and economic standards of the entire people. The table shows progress of the
nation’s transport sector.
Development in the transportation sector of Myanmar


Railways
- miles miles 1976.35 3042.39 1066.04
- miles of railroad miles 2793.86 3952.90 1159.04
- overpass 70 91 21
- station station 487 780 293
- bridge
above180 feet bridge 157 191 34
under 180 feet bridge 5493 9028 3535
Airways
- above 5000 ft runway airfield airfield 21 38 17
- under 5000 ft runway airfield airfield 45 35
upgrading
waterways
- jetty (local vassel) jetty 65 91 26
- jetty (Foreign Going) jetty 13 29 16
Motor road miles 13635/0 18640/3 5005/3
5005/3
- tarred road mile 5543/0 9107/5 3564/5
- gravel road mile 1569/0 3293/3 1724/3
- earth road mile 2895/0 3348/0 453
Bridge on motor road
- Public Works
- above 180 feet bridge
- implementing bridge bridge - 41 41
- under 180 feet bridge 3305 5296 1991
- Myanma Railways* bridge - 7 7
- Military Engineers* bridge - 11 11
- Electric Power* bridge - 2 2
*above-180 feet
Communications
The government has been striving for the improvement of information technology in
the country to be on a par with the advanced nations the world over in the communication
sector. The table shows the nation’s progress in the communication sector.
Development in the communication sector of Myanmar


Faxcimile 10 4231 4231
Local fax service - - -
Telephone service
- telephone office office 245 848 603
- number of line line 71855 558768 486913
- exchange exchange 245 635 390
- direct line line 67016 472916 405900
- auto/carrier telephone phone 67016 329488 262472
- auto radio telephone phone - 4044 4044
- CDMA phone - 30384 30384
- cellular phone - 22541 22541
- DECT telephone phone - 2583 2583
- GSM phone - 83895 83895
- telephone density 1X1000 1.82 8.71 6.89
Rural telephone exchange exchange - 207 207
e-mail, Internet - 5650 5650
X.25 line - 149 149
Local Satellite Station
- DOMSAT station - 5 5
-VSAT station - 15 15
- iPSTAR station - 23 23
Coal Powered-plant of Tikyit

Electric Power
Nowadays, the government is making a huge headway with the national development
undertakings. In the nation are many rivers and creeks with annual water flow of 870
million acre feet. If these water resources are harnessed effectively for construction of
267 hydropower plants, some 40,000 megawatts can be generated. The government has
been pouring investments into the irrigation projects. It has taken another step for na-
tional development through the electric power sector.
In 1988, the nation’s electricity consumption was only 1,518 million units. Now, the
electricity consumption has reached 5,461 million units. In order to meet the higher living
standard of the people, the government had to construct 30 hydel-power plants through-
out the country. On completion of 20 more power plant projects, the electricity genera-
tion will touch 5863 megawatts.
It is indeed about one/eighths of the total electric power that can be generated with the
use of all the water resources in the nation
Development in the electric power sector of Myanmar


Electricity consumption 1517.570 5461.089 3943.519
Maximum load megawatt 363.678 996.761 633.083
Generating power 701.423 1670.773 969.350
Increased power supply
- implemented project 14 44 30
- large scale (above-10 megawatt) 2 10 8
- medium-scale (1-10 megawatt) 1 10 9
- small-scale (1 megawatt) 11 24 13
Implementing projects
- large-scale (above-10 megawatt) - 20 20
- installed generator - 4893.500 4893.500
Other power plants
- recycling power plant - 4 4
- boiler power plant 3 3 -
- natural gas powered-plant 8 11 3
- coal powered-plant - 1 1
- diesel powered-plant 588 567 national grid
- present capacity of generator 473.597 1029.451 555.854
- Future capacity of generator 273.755 5599.345 5325.59
Industry
The nation is rich in natural resources. Industrial crops thrive in the nation. Human
resources are being produced annually. The generation of electricity is on the increase.
The government has built a foundation to transform the agro-based nation into an
industrialized one.
It has constructed dams and reservoirs where water is scarce, and organized enter-
prises and factories, which scattered in respective regions, into industrial zones.
The government’s encouragement and assistance has helped establish 19 industrial
zones with 846 enterprises with a total investment of about K 300 billion and an annual
turnover of K 200 billion.
The number of private-run factories has grown up to 42,707 and cottage industries up
to 8,500.
The government has established 192 factories, accounting for 833 factories in total in
the nation. It is giving encouragement and providing necessary assistance in various
fields for the industrial development.
As a result, many job opportunities could be ereated for the people. The table shows
the industrial progress of the nation.
Development in the industry sector of Myanmar
Upgrading industrial power

- Industrial Zones - 19 19
- works - 8463 8463
- private industries 26872 42707 15835
- cottage industries - 8500 8500
State-owned industries 641 833 192
Energy
The government is striving for extended exploration of oil. It has discovered offshore
oilfields in Mottama, Rakhine State and Taninthayi Division. The nation’s inexhaustible
natural gas deposits can contribute towards national development. The Table shows progress
of the energy sector.
Development in the energy sector of Myanmar

Oil field (inland) 19 18 completed

work (1)
- oil field (offshore) - 3 3
- Gaspipeline (mile) 250.91 1682.74 1431.88
- crude oil production (barrel) 6165641 6395488 229847
- gas production (cubic feet) 41913.97 450758.75 329048.13
- refining crude oil (gallon)(million) 156.461 230.796 74.335
Oilfields (onshore)
The government discovered seven more oilfields — Petpel, Aphyauk, Kyaukkhwet,
Letpanto, Thagyidaung, Zabei and Nyaungdon, and explored Laydaung, Pyay, Pyaloh,
Tetma, Ngashantaung, Phayagon (Seinhai), Phayagon (Kyakaik) and Htantabin oilfields.
Indaing oilfield was discovered in 1996 and closed in 2002, and Indaw oilfield was in
2002 and closed in December 2004.
Nyaungdon Oilfield
Education
In an effort to contribute to brighter future of the nation, the government is nurturing
the new generation youths who can brave and cope with the challenges of the knowledge
age so as to produce more and more human resources.
It is also taking all possible measurers for the uplift of the education standard of the
people. It has established 156 universities and colleges all over the country to bring equal
opportunity to the youths to pursue education.
There were only 38 universities and colleges in 1988.
It has opened 6,744 basic education schools in the whole county, increasing the number
of the schools from 33,474 in 1988 to 40,521 now. It has also opened 4,739 post-primary
schools for enabling youths in rural regions to continue to pursue education in respective
regions.
Originally, Myanmar nationals are dynamic and are quick learners. With the qualifi-
cations of the national people, the nation can be changed itself from an agro-based nation
into an industrialized one and then into a knowledge power.
Adult literacy rate of Myanmar is one of the highest in South-East Asia. The table
shows the progress of her education sector.
Development in the education sector of Myanmar

Subject Coun 1988 31-12-05 Progress
Basic education
- number of schools school 33747 40525 6778
- BEHS school 722 1967 1245
- BEMS school 1696 2605 909
- Post Primary school - 5545 4736
- BEPS school 31329 30408 upgraded
Development in the education sector of Myanmar

- multimedia classroom room - 1660 1660

- number of teachers teacher 173772 248072 74300
- number of students student 5239878 7819176 2579298
- teacher education
- education college college 17 20 3
- teacher teacher 456 889 433
- trainee trainee 4516 37429 32913
- KG enrolment percent 67.13% 97.58% 30.45%
- adult literacy rate percent 79.73% 94.1% 14.4%
School dropout rate
- primary school level percent 40.99% 7.80% 33.19%
- middle school level percent 40.36% 9.62% 30.74%
Uplift of higher education
- university/college/degree college 27 64 37
- institutes institute 6 5 hand over
- arts & science university university 3 30 27
- degree college college 6 9 3
- college college 11 20 9
- institute* institute 1 - upgraded
- Wide Area Network - 1 1
- academic programmes 79 379 300
- number of teachers teacher 5638 11125 5487
- number of students student 134325 540067 405742
-e- Learning Centre centre - 622 622
- Human resource development centre centre - 44 44
- number of trainees trainee - 140264 140264
* Institute of Foreign Languages was upgraded into University of Foreign Languages.

Panglong University

In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, there have emerged three technological
universities and 26 technological colleges.
It has established two universities for computer studies and 24 computer colleges
across the nation.
It has opened doctorate courses in the subjects of engineering, applied science, and
computer. It also established the Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University and the
Myanmar Maritime University.
The purpose of the establishment of the educational institutions in the States and
Divisions is to enable the intellectuals and intelligentsia to play an important role in
nurturing the youths.
The table shows the progress of the education sector of the nation.
Development in the science and technology sector of Myanmar

-Institute of Technology
(Ygn,Mdy,Pyay) 1 3 2
- teachers 256 594 338
- students (graduate) 687 17253 16566
- present students - 7984 7984
- Government Technological College 1 26 25
- number of teachers 446 2271 1825
- number of students (graduate) 5155 52461 47306
- Computer University 1 2 1
- teachers 40 206 166
- Computer College - 24 24
- number of teacher - 509 509
- number of students graduate - 3641 3641
- present student - 10412 10412
Myanmar Aerospace Engineering
University - 1 1
- number of teacher - 52 52
- number of students - 157 157
- Government Technical Institute 2 12 10
- teacher 139 493 354
Technical High School - 3 3
Health
Now is the time when measures are being taken to give priority to public health
care. Now, the number of hospitals has increased to 819 at present from 631 in 1988. At
the time of the Tatmadaw government, five medical universities and two dental univer-
sities have been opened. Moreover, two pharmaceutical universities, two paramedical
universities, and one medical university have also been added to the existing number. In
the past, there were only 28 nursing training schools. But now, they are 43 in number.
Specialists were employed at state-, division- and district-level hospitals to ensure better
public health care.
200-bed Kengtung Hospital

University of Traditional Medicine, Mandalay

Development in the health sector of Myanmar

Upgrading of hospital 631 819 188

- specialist hospital 15 19 4
- teaching hospital 4 6 2
- 300-bed 1 5 4
- 200-bed 10 25 15
- 150-bed 12 7 upgrading
- 100-bed 28 32 4
- 50-bed 37 58 21
- 25-bed 51 111 60
- 16-bed 168 100 upgrading
- station/ sub-township hospital 305 464 159
health units 1829 1964 135
- rural health unit 1337 1450 113
- maternal and child care unit 348 348 -
- regional health unit 64 86 22
- school health team 80 80 -
Health staff
- doctors (specialist/assistant) 3185 6632 5247
- nurses 4515 10003 5488
- health staff 1557 1702 145
- midwives 8019 9572 1553
- skilled staff 290 544 254
- township health assistant - 92 92
- health assistant-1 - 320 320
- health assistant 1120 1365 245
- supervisor (1)/(2) 915 2075 1160
Development in the health sector of Myanmar

- traditional medicine hospital 2 14 12
- traditional medicine dispensary 89 237 148
Free from disease
- small pox free free free
- leprosy - free free
- polio - free free
Decrease of motality
- rural 9.9 7.1 2.8
- urban 8.9 6.2 2.7
Increase of longivity
- rural
- man 56.2 60.8 4.6
- woman 60.4 63.3 2.9
- urban
- man 59.0 61.5 2.5
- woman 63.2 65.6 2.4
Universities 4 14 10
- Medical Institute 3 4 1
- Dental Institute 1 2 1
- Institute of Nursing - 2 2
- Institute of Paramedical Science - 2 2
- Institute of Pharmacy - 2 2
- University of Community Health - 1
- University of Traditional Medicine - 1 1
Training school 26 43 17
- nursing training school 6 23 17
- midwifery school 16 16 -
- related school 4 4 -
Development Affairs
Steps are being taken to raise the living standard of the national people. Roads and
bridges are being constructed in urban and rural areas. Furthermore, irrigation facilities
and river water-pumping projects are under way to ensure an adequate supply of drinking
water and irrigation water. Emphasis has also been placed on keeping every school-age
children at schools in rural areas with the aim of increasing the literacy rate.
Tanyaung river water pumping station in Salin Township, Magway Division

Development in the development affairs sector of Myanmar

Urban development
- urban road miles 2971/7 5449/5 2477/6
- miles of tarred road 945/5 2006/1 1060/4
- miles of gravelled road 768/2 2024/7 256/5
- miles of granite road 198/0 322/3 124/3
- earth road 1060/0 2096/2 1036/2
- urban bridges - 11245 11245
- concrete bridge - 5841 5841
- wooden bridge - 3706 3706
- conduit - 1411 1411
- other - 287 287
Water supply task
- Town in which tasks to be done 286 105 181
- completed work 48 181 133
Rural development
- Rural road 3940/6 25724/3 21784/1
- tarred road 295/0 1321/5 1026/5
- gravelled road 822/7 4422/5 3599/6
- granite road 730/5 1967/5 1237/0
- earth road 2092/2 18012/4 15920/2
- rural bridge - 6961 6961
- concrete - 1518 1518
- wooden - 3972 3972
- conduit - 1102 1102
- other - 369 369
Rural Water supply tasks
- village in which tasks to be done 23225 8264 14961
- completed work - 21594 21594
- rural housing - 1472 1472
Roads and Bridges

The Tatmadaw government is building roads and bridges one after another across
the nation. Relevent ministries gave a helping hand to this drive. Tatamdaw engineering
unit also constructed bridges linking one region and the other. As a result, a network of
transport has been created throughout the Union. Wellwishers also contributed to this
road and bridge construction. The table shows roads and bridges emerged in the time of
the Tatmadaw Government.
Bridges mushrooming of Myanmar
Above 180 feet bridges 198 398 200
- construction 198 389 191
- Myanma Railways - 7 7
- military engineers - 11 11
- electric Power - 2 2
- border area development - 3 3
- regional development
(Myainggyingu) - 3 3
Under-180 feet bridges 8798 32253 23455
- construction 3305 5296 1991
- Myanma Railways 5103 8484 3381
- border area development- - 826 826
- urban - 11245 11245
- rural - 6961 6961
Motor road (miles) 6783/5 14607/3 7823/6
- construction 5543/0 9107/5 3564/5
- border area development - 355/4 355/4
- urban 945/5 2006/1 1060/4
- rural 295/0 1321/5 1025/5
- other department/organization - 2233/0 2233/0
Gravel road (miles) 3160/1 10695/2 7535/1
- construction 1569/0 3293/3 1724/3
- urban 768/2 1024/7 256/5
- rural 822/7 4422/5 3599/6
Bridges mushrooming of Myanmar

Hard road (miles) 4556/5 5474/1 917/4
- construction 3628/0 3109 upgrading
- border area development - - -
- urban 198/0 322/3 124/3
- rural 730/5 1967/5 1237/0
Earth road (miles) 6047/2 27637/5 21590/3
- construction 2895/0 3348/0 453/0
- urban 1060/0 2096/2 1036/2
- rural 2092/2 18012/4 15920/2
Human Resources
Measures are being taken to develop human resources in all the spheres, especially
in education, health, science, and technology. In this process, one Union Nationalities
Development University, two Capacity Enhancement Degree College, 31 youth develop-
ment training schools, 27 cottage industries, and other Parahita (Boy) Schools were
opened in rural areas.
Training is provided to widen the knowledge of agriculture, livestock and forestry.
To ensure the emergence of marine scientists, marine universities were also opened.
Development of the Union and Human Resource Development of

Myanmar
University/ College
University for Development of
National Races - 1 1
CICS 1 3 2
University of Culture university - 3 3
University of Forestry 1 1 -
Forest Training School school - 1 1
Human Resource Development Degree College - 2 2
Cooperatives College/Training 2 9 7
Liquerware College college - 2 2
Development of the Union and Human Resource Development

of Myanmar
Institute
Merchantine marine institute 1 1 -
-Number of teacher teacher - - -
Training schools
Domestic Training school school - 27 27
Youth Development Training School school - 31 31
Parahita Kya Kyaung school - 1 1
Agriculture Institute institute 7 7 -
Commercial school school 1 1 -
-Number of student student - 100 -

Thanlwin Bridge (Mawlamyine), the longest bridge

in Myanmar

Now is the time when efforts are being made to turn the country into a new state.
Imminent are the border areas and national races development project, the greening
project, the 24-zone development project, and the rural development project. Now, all the
regions in the country are now getting prosperous.
These achievements are accounted for consolidated strength among the State, the
people and the Tatmadaw. The history of Myanmar is now bright with the age of soli-
darity.
It is worth making a pledge that the time has come to march to a more consolidated
new golden state.
Development of the Information and Public relations of Myanmar

- TV retransmission station 15 177 162
- IPRD offices - 373 373
- IPRD libraries 111 373 262
- departmental libraries - 199 199
- rural library - 45694 45694
- e-library - 108 108
- Daily - 3 3
- Sub-printing house - 9 9
- Circulation paper - 403316 403316
* Mandalay, Myitkyina, Lashio, Magway, Kalay, Taunggyi, Kengtung, Sittway, Myeik,

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* Non-disintegration of national solidarity -Our Cause

Four economic objectives

Four social objectives

1. Towards a New Modern State .... a

2. The Union of Myanmar .... 3

3. History of Myanmar .... 5

4. Tradition of the Tatmadaw .... 8

5. Towards new golden land of unity and amity .... 10

Towards A New Modern State

Myanmars have founded a strong nation through national unity since

Kachin State marching to new

Development in the agriculture sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

Development in the agriculture sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

*Reservoir under construction

Livestock and Fishery

Development in the livestock breeding sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

Development in the forestry sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

Famous Myanmar Teak

Development in the transportation sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

Development in the communication sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

Post office office 64 79 15

Kyeinkharankha hydel power plant in Myitkyina Township generates 5 kilowatts of electricity.

Development in the electric power sector of Kachin State

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

*Hydel power plant completed

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

Upgrading of industrial power

Technical Institute in Mohnyin

Bhamo Degree College

Development in the education sector of Kachin State

Science and Technology

Subject Count 1988 31-12-2005 Progress

Technological college college - 3 3

- Government Technological college (Myitkyina) college - 1 1

- Number of courses course - 7 7

- Government Technological college (Bhamo) college - 1 1

- Number of courses course - 7 7

- Government Technological college (Monyin) college - 1 1

- Number of courses course - 7 7

Number of teachers teacher - 172 172

Number of student (graduate) student - 1317 1317

Number of student (current) student - 876 876

- Government Computer College (Myitkyina) college - 1 1

- Number of courses course - 5 5

- Government Computer College (Bhamo) college - 1 1

-Number of courses course - 3 3

-Number of teachers teacher - 34 34

-Number of students (graduate) student - 160 160

- Number of student (current) student - 346 346

Mining and Mineral Resources

Development in the health sector of Kachin State

Urban and Rural Development

and 3 furlongs in the past to 305 miles and 7 furlongs to date.

in 306 villages out of 678 villages.

Kachin traditional Manaw Dance