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RAMSWAROOP SINGH T Y VINAY REDDY
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ELLENKI COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECH., PATEL GUDA
Contents
1. Abstract ……………………………… 3
8. Conclusion ……………………………… 10
9. Glossary ……………………………… 11
10.References ………………………………. 12
2
Abstract
It’s no secret that wireless internet access number of users in the near future. This
is growing at furious rates in India and exciting addition to current broadband
rest of the world. Not only are options such as DSL, cable, and WiFi
shifting towards wireless networks for access to locations in the world's rural
ease of access and cost savings, but free and developing areas where broadband
as commercial venues like cafes, hotels competing for urban market share.
fundamental customer requirement. In actual data rates and ranges that are
fact, it is almost requisite that service- achieved, but this has been difficult to
available for their customers if they are possible options and competing
The IEEE 802.16 family of standards 802.16) and how it actually works
3
How WiMAX Works? A WiMAX tower station can connect
directly to the Internet using a high-
In practical terms, WiMAX would
bandwidth, wired connection (for
operate similar to WiFi but at higher
example, a T3 line). It can also connect
speeds, over greater distances and for a
to another WiMAX tower using a line-
greater number of users. WiMAX could
of-sight, microwave link. This
potentially erase the suburban and rural
connection to a second tower (often
blackout areas that currently have no
referred to as a backhaul), along with
broadband Internet access because
the ability of a single tower to cover up
phone and cable companies have not yet
to 3,000 square miles, is what allows
run the necessary wires to those remote
WiMAX to provide coverage to remote
locations.
rural areas
A WiMAX system consists of two parts:
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wavelength transmissions are not WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole.
as easily disrupted by physical The line-of-sight connection is stronger
obstructions -- they are better and more stable, so it's able to send a lot
able to diffract, or bend, around of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight
obstacles. transmissions use higher frequencies,
with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz.
There is line-of-sight service, where a
At higher frequencies, there is less
fixed dish antenna points straight at the
interference and lots more bandwidth.
In above figure the transmission of data through both line of sight (back haul, tower to tower) and non line of sight (tower to
consumers) is shown
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within the transmitter's 30-mile radius of coverage). This is what allows
(2,800 square miles or 9,300 square km WiMAX to achieve its maximum range.
Network scale
The smallest-scale network is a personal small central area, such as a company's
area network (PAN). A PAN allows headquarters, a coffee shop or your
devices to communicate with each other house. Many LANs use WiFi to connect
over short distances. Bluetooth is the the network wirelessly.
best example of a PAN.
WiMAX is the wireless solution for the
The next step up is a local area network next step up in scale, the metropolitan
(LAN). A LAN allows devices to share area network (MAN). A MAN allows
information, but is limited to a fairly areas the size of cities to be connected
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The above figure shows how the different wireless networks are placed, based on their coverage area and Bandwidth
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What Can WiMAX Do?
WiMax operates on the same general miles. WiFi's range is about 100 feet (30
principles as WiFi -- it sends data from m). WiMax will blanket a radius of 30
one computer to another via radio miles (50 km) with wireless access. The
signals. A computer (either a desktop or increased range is due to the frequencies
a laptop) equipped with WiMax would used and the power of the transmitter. Of
receive data from the WiMax course, at that distance, terrain, weather
transmitting station, probably using and large buildings will act to reduce the
encrypted data keys to prevent maximum range in some circumstances,
unauthorized users from stealing access. but the potential is there to cover huge
The fastest WiFi connection can transmit tracts of land.
up to 54 megabits per second under
If you have a home network, things
optimal conditions. WiMax should be
wouldn't change much. The WiMAX
able to handle up to 70 megabits per
base station would send data to a
second. Even once that 70 megabits is
WiMAX-enabled router, which would
split up between several dozen
then send the data to the different
businesses or a few hundred home users,
computers on your network. You could
it will provide at least the equivalent of
even combine WiFi with WiMAX by
cable-modem transfer rates to each user.
having the router send the data to the
The biggest difference isn't speed; it's
computers via WiFi.
distance. WiMax outdistances WiFi by
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WiMAX Could Boost Government Security
In an emergency, communication is system that would be difficult to destroy
crucial for government officials as they with a single, pinpoint attack. A cluster
determine the cause of the problem, find of WiMAX transmitters would be set up
out who may be injured and coordinate in range of a key command center but as
rescue efforts or cleanup operations. A far from each other as possible. Each
gas-line explosion or terrorist attack transmitter would be in a bunker
could sever the cables that connect hardened against bombs and other
leaders and officials with their vital attacks. No single attack could destroy
information networks. all of the transmitters, so the officials in
WiMAX could be used to set up a back- the command center would remain
up (or even primary) communications in communication at all times .
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WiFi was created in Norway in 1991,
and was originally designed for WiMAX has a much greater range than
commercial cash register systems. WiFi, although interpretations of this
Today, it provides wireless broadband range vary. While engineers have stated
access to any user with wireless that WiMAX could have a range of up to
connectivity technology, or wireless 30 miles, field tests have resulted in a
adapter cards, within a small range. range radius of between four and eight
Typically, a WiFi signal has a maximum miles. Still, this represents a range far
range of 150 feet indoors and 300 feet greater than the few hundred foot radius
outdoors. of WiFi.
WiMAX serves several functions in WiMAX also has some benefits over
wireless connectivity, but it was largely WiFi in terms of connection quality.
created to provide “last-mile” broadband When multiple users are connected to a
connection to homes and businesses. WiFi access point, they are effectively in
Instead of using fixed lines like cable or constant battle for connection, and users
telephone line to bring Internet access can experience varying levels of
into a building, WiMAX uses broadband width. WiMAX technology,
transmitters, like cell-phone towers, to however, secures each user with a
carry its signal. WiMax technology does constant allotment of broadband access.
not require line-of-sight to the user, so Built into the WiMAX technology is an
several subscribers can connect to a algorithm that establishes a limit to the
tower, even if it is blocked by trees or number of users per WiMAX access
other buildings. This makes WiMax point. When a WiMAX tower is nearing
particularly useful and cost-effective for its maximum broadband capacity, it
rural homes and other locations set in a automatically redirects additional users
geography that would make laying a to another WiMAX access point.
traditional hardwire difficult and
expensive.
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Conclusion
WiMAX and the IEEE 802.16 standard .WiFi, on the other hand, has already
will revolutionize the broadband saturated a significant percentage of the
wireless access industry and open many wireless market, and it has proved both
opportunities to deploy systems in easy to use and cheap. While businesses
applications that was previously cost with large physical space might want to
prohibitive. WiMAX provides a viable move to WiMAX to avoid buying the
competitive alternative to many many repeater access points required
applications currently serviced with with WiFi, it will be several years before
copper, coax, and fibre connections. WiMAX becomes cheap enough to enter
WiMAX is intended complement other the residential and small commercial
wireless standards such as WLAN and market.
cellular based data networks. Together
these provide many options to meet
customer needs and grow the overall
opportunity for wireless systems.
Glossary
• IEEE 802.11 is a group of network wireless
wireless specifications developed communication. It details a
by the IEEE for local area wireless interface between
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devices to manage packet traffic • PHY: Physical Layer Device
to avoid collisions. Some Physical Layer Device (PHY) is
common specifications include the term used for a transceiver in
the following: 802.11a, 802.11b, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit
802.11g, etc. Ethernet systems.
• IEEE 802.15, a standardization • MAC Layer: MAC Layer, short
of Bluetooth wireless for Media Access Control Layer,
specification defined by IEEE, is is one of two sub layers that
for wireless personal area make up the Data Link Layer of
networks (WPANs). IEEE 802.15 the OSI model. The MAC layer
has characters such as short- is responsible for moving data
range, low power, low cost, small packets to and from one Network
networks and communication of Interface Card (NIC) to another
devices within a Personal across a shared channel
Operating Space. .
• IEEE 802.16 defines wireless • ETSI (European
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broadcasting and related areas least two networks, commonly
such as intelligent transportation two LANs or WANs or a LAN
and medical electronics. and its ISP network. A router is
• Network Router: A router is a often included as part of a
device or a piece of software in a network switch. A router is
computer that forwards and located at any gateway where
routes data packets along one network meets another,
networks. A router connects at including each point-of-presence
on the Internet.
References:
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