REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

Question 1

Figure 1 Figure 1 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the ovary. a. i. Based on Figure 1, state hormone X (1m) ___________________________________________________________

ii. State the role of hormone X.(1m) __________________________________________________________ b. In Figure 1, draw the change that occurs to structure T on the 26th day. (1m) __________________________________________________________

c. Identify hormone P and Q (2m) _________________________________________________________

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Question 2

Figure 2 Figure 2 shows the reproductive structures of different organism. a. Based on Figure 2, label X and Y in space provided.(2m)

b. State the organism that produced A and B.(2m) _________________________________________________________ c. Describe what happens to nuclei P and Q before fertilization takes place. (2m) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ d. Explain the roles played by X and Y in ensuring that fertilisation takes place (2m) ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

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Question 3

Figure 3 Figure 3 shows the process of sperm formation in the mammalian testis. a .i. State P and Q (2m) P: ___________________________ Q:___________________________

ii. Give reasons why cells Q and R are genetically identical. (2m) ____________________________________________________________

iii. Name two ways how cell division leads to cell S and T being genetically different. (2m) ____________________________________________________________

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Question 4

Figure 4 Figure 4 shows the process of ovum formation in the mammalian ovary.

a. i. State the structures labelled L, M and N (3m) L : _______________________ M: _______________________ N: _______________________

ii. State the hormone involved in the formation of follicle and explain the role of it (2m) __________________________________________________________________

b. The menstrual cycle involves four type of hormones. Name the hormones. (2m) ___________________________________________________________________

c. Describe how structure N produces progesterone. (2m) ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

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Question 5

Figure 5

Figure 5 shows certain events that take place in the ovary and Fallopian tube. a. i. Name the process labelled P (1m) ______________________________________________________________

ii. State the type of cell division takes place at Q. !m) ______________________________________________________________

b.i. Name the structure labelled R.(1m) ______________________________________________________________

ii. Describe its function during pregnancy. (2m) ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

c..i. On Figure 5, label the region where fertilization takes place with F letter. (1m) ii. Predict what will happen if two ova released during ovulation and are fertilised. (2m) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

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Question 6. Figure 1 below shows the process of fertilization in an embryo sac. P are carried in the pollen tube to the embryo sac. P are carried in the pollen tube to the embryo sac.

(a) (i) What are P? _______________________________________________________________________ (1m) (ii) How are P formed? ________________________________________________________________________ (1m) (b) State whether the chromosomal number of P is haploid or diploid ________________________________________________________________________ (1m) (c) What are X, Y and Z? X:_____________________________________________________________________ Y:______________________________________________________________________ Z:______________________________________________________________________ (3m) (d) How do P enter the embryo sac? ________________________________________________________________________ (1m) (e) (i) Explain what happens after P enter the embryo sac. _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (3m)

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(ii) Name this process. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (1m) Question 7. Figure below shows a pollen that was removed from the stigma after being there for a while

(a) (i) What process is experienced by the pollen? ________________________________________________________________________ (1m) (ii) Name structure X. ________________________________________________________________________ (1m) (iii) Draw all nuclei on the pollen in figure 2 and label them.

(2m)

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(b) (i) Draw the development and growth of structure X up to the embryo sac, in the figure below.

(ii) Name the process that occurs when structure X reaches the plants embryo sac.

________________________________________________________________________ (1m) (c) (i) Explain how the process in (b) (ii) occurs. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (2m) (ii) What are the products obtained from this process? 1. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ (2m) (d) At the end of the process in (b)(ii), what happens to the

(i) Ovary? ________________________________________________________________________ (1m)

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(ii) Integument? ________________________________________________________________________ (1m) (iii) Ovule? ________________________________________________________________________ (1m)

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BIOLOGY MODULE 2007

LEARNING AREA : REPRODUCTION Activity 1. Complete the table below. Comparison between the formation of sperm and ova.

AND GROWTH

A. Spermatogenesis Oogenesis

Similarities

1. Location : _______________________ 2. Process involve: __________________ 3. Products : _________________________

B. DIFFERENCES 1. Gametes produced 2. Place of formation 3. Size of gametes 4. Number of i. iii. v. gametes vii. SPERMATOGENESIS ii. iv. vi. viii. OOGENESIS

produced 5. Cytokinesis Equal distribution of Unequal

cytoplasm in all four sperm cells produced 6. Shape of gametes 7. Germinal epithelial cells ix. Divide by mitosis throughout adult 8. Meiotic division xi. x. Divide by mitosis during foetal stage

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Activitiy 2. Complete the table below Comparison between identical twins and fracternal twins DIFFERENCES a. Fertilisation 1. IDENTICAL TWINS 2. FRACTERNAL TWINS

b. Genetic constitution

3.

c. Number of placentae

5.

6.

d. Sex

7.

8.

e. Physical characteristics

9.

10.

Activity 3 : Complete the text below i. Both identical twins and fracternal twins grow by the process of _______________. ii. The embryos formed are there result of ______________________ between an ovum and a sperm.

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ESSAY QUESTIONS 1.

Primary xylem Vascular cambium

Primary phloem

Secondary phloem

Secondary xylem

Intervascular cambium

Diagram 1
Diagram 1 shows the stages of secondary growth in the stem of dicotyledonous plants. (a) Explain the stages of growth that happen in the shoot of dicotyledonous plants which produced the primary tissues as shown at section A in Diagram 1. [10 marks] (b) Describe how the secondary growth occurs starting from section A to section D in Diagram 1. [10 marks]

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2. Diagram 2 shows a type of growth curve .

Dry mass of plant (g)

D C A B

E F

Time (day)

Diagram 2 Based on Diagram 2, explain the growth curve . [10 marks] 3. (a) (i) Diagram 3 (a) shows the formation of two pairs of twins.

Diagram 3 (a) Explain the similarities and differences in the formation of the two pairs of twins. [4 marks]

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(ii) Diagram 3 (b) shows another two pairs of twins.

Diagram 3(b) Explain the differences between the two pairs of twins. Your explaination should be based on the following aspects. Types of twins The formation of twins Characteristics of twins [6 marks] 4. The fallopian tubes of a married woman are blocked, making it impossible for her to conceive through the natural process. She and her husband insist to have their own child . Explain one modern technique that can be used by the childless couple to conceive. [ 10 marks ]

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