CRANIAL NERVES AND ASSOCIATION NEURONS

SENSORY CNs 1,2,8 MOTOR CNs 3,4,6,11,12 MIXED 5,7,9,10 CNs 1 & 2 they are the only one connected to the brain & only CN w/c are actual invaginations from the CNS

Golgi type 1 axon is long, terminates far to the nerve cell body Golgi type 2 axon is short, terminates close to the nerve cell body

Dr.Viloria

CLASSIFICATIONS OF NEURONS
Functional Classification SENSORY ..Send impulses to the CNS Neurons ..Location: cerebral & spinal ganglia except mesencephalic nucleus ..Mesencephalic nucleus located in middle pons & lower midbrain ASSOCIATION ..Carry impulses from one neuron to the other Neurons ..From an association neuron to another assoc.neuron SENSORY ..Sensory neuron synapses w/ association neuron ASSOCIATION ..1st association neuron in the brain Neuron MOTOR ..Association neuron synapses with motor neuron ASSOCIATION ..1st association neuron in the brain Neuron MOTOR ..Send impulses toward the effectors, usually skeletal m. Neuron ..Some effector organs in the autonomic: cardiac, smooth & glands *1st 3 impulse is carried to the brain *last 2 impulse toward motor efferent Morphological Classification A. Unipolar neuron with a single process B. Pseudounipolar neuron a common stem giving into an axon & a dendrite Mostly found in sensory neurons EXCEPT in: i. Olfactory cell of olfactory epithelium ii. Rods & cones of retina iii. Spiral ganglion of the organ of corti iv. Vestibular ganglion of scarpa C. Bipolar neurons contain 2 processes, an axon & dendrite Ex: bipolar cells of retina & olfactory cells of olfactory D. Multipolar neurons w/ 2 or more dendrites & single axon Found in the motor neurons Length of the axon
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Classification of Sensory Neurons GSA ..Stimulus comes from TENDON, JOINTS, SKIN, SKELETAL m. & BONES w/c are carried to CNS ...Found in both the cerebral & spinal ganglia GVA ..Stimulus from VISCERAL ORGANS ..Found in both cerebral & spinal ganglia SSA ..Stimulus from VISION, HEARING & VESTIBULAR sense ..Derived from ectoderm during development ..Found in cerebral ganglia SVA ..Stimulus from SMELL & TASTE, w/c is rel.to digestive s. ..Only found in cerebral ganglia Association Neurons AKA: Interneurons or Internuncial neurons Location: b/w SENSORY & MOTOR neurons Conduct nerve impulses from Sensory Motor neurons The most numerous of the functional types of neurons Morphologically, all association neurons are MULTIPOLAR except the bipolar neurons located in the interlayer & ganglion cell layer of retina Axons of these association neurons: Either form a REFLEX or ASCENDING/ DESCENDING fiber tracts Are only found entirely in: CNS, BRAIN, SPINAL CORD except for BIPOLAR neurons in retina In the higher center, association neurons are found in the o Basal ganglia o Cerebral cortex o Cerebellar cortex o Diencephalons In the lower center, association neuron are found in the o Brainstem o Nucleus Cuneatus o Nucleus Gracilis

Classification of Motor Neurons GSE/ GSM Effector: Skeletal muscle of Myotomic origin SVE/ SVM Effector Skeletal muscle of branchiomeric origin o Muscles of facial expression o Muscles of mastication o Muscles of phonation o Muscles of deglutition GVE Effector: Smooth muscle, Gland, Cardiac muscle

CRANIAL NERVES & MOTOR NEURONS (Dr. Alcantara)

MOTOR NEURONS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE BRAINSTEM Level of UPPER MIDBRAIN 3 CN3 - Oculomotor Nuclear Complex; Made up of 2 kinds of motor neurons o EDINGER-WESTPHAL Nucleus (GVE) More rostral part Its axon pass oculomotor nerve & synapse with another motor neuron ciliary ganglion (a postganglionic neuron, GVE), the axon s of w/c pass in the short ciliary nerves to supply the pupillae & the ciliary muscles of the eyeball (smooth muscle) o MAIN OCULOMOTOR Nucleus (GSE) Axons pass in oculomotor nerve Supply all the extraoccular muscles, EXCEPT lateral rectus & superior oblique Level of the LOWER MIDBRAIN 4 CN4 - Trochlear Nucleus (GSE) o Axons pass at the trochlear nerve o Supply the superior oblique muscle s of eye Level of the MIDDLE PONS 5 CN5 Trigeminal motor nucleus (SVE) o Location: lateral pontine tegmentum o Medial to the main sensory nucleus of CN5 o Fibers pass in the mandibular baranch & *Supplies the: anterior belly of digastric muscle muscles of mastication, myohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor velli pallatini

Level of the LOWER PONS 6,7 CN6 Abducens nucleus (GSE) o Location: in the pons o Anterior to the floor of the 4th ventricle, near midline o Motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle CN7 Facial motor nucleus (SVE) o Location: lateral reticular formation of caudal pons o Supply the muscles of facial expression CN7 Superior salivatory nucleus (GVE) o Location: posterolateral to the nucleus of CN 7 o Axons pass in the facial nerve & fibers divide into 2 groups One synapse with sphenopalatine ganglion the axons of w/c supply the: LACRIMAL, NASAL & PALATINE glands Uses chorda tympani branch & synapse with submandibular ganglion supply the SUBMANDIBULAR & SUBLINGUAL gland *Both ganglions are postganglionic neuron Level of the UPPER MEDULLA 9,10,11,12 CN9 Inferior Salivatory nucleus (GVE) o Axons are preganglionic fibers passing in glossopharyngeal nerve o Synapses w/ postganglionic neuron the otic ganglion o Supply the parotid gland CN10 Dorsal motor nucleus (GVE) o Axons are preganglionic fibers passing in the vagus nerve o Synapse w/ parasympathetic ganglia in the walls of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines & up to splenic flexure In the intestines, the ganglia are myenteric & meissners ganlia Axons of these terminal ganglia supply smooth muscles, glands & cardiac muscle CN9,10,11 Nucleus Ambiguous (SVE) o Supply the muscles of deglutition & phonation CN12 Hypoglossal nucleus (GSE) o Supply intrinsic & extrinsic muscle Level of LOWER MEDULLA 11 CN 11 Spinal accessory nucleus (GSE) o Location: dorsal part of the anterior horn cells of upper C2C5 o These give rise to fibers that exit from the cord & enter the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum o Supply the sternocleidomastoid & trapezius musles

FOR EASY RECALL!

Cranial Nerves
CN 3 CN 4 CN 5 CN 6 CN 7 CN 9 CN 10 CN 11 CN 12 CNs 9, 10, 11 EFFERENT/ MOTOR SOMATIC GSE 3 Oculomotor nucleus MIS, IL 4 Trochlear nucleus SOM 6 Abducens nucleus LRM 11 Spinal nucleus S&T 12 Hypoglossal nucleus I&E

MOTOR NEURONS
(GSE) Main oculomotor nuclei (GVE) Edinger-Westphal nuclei via Ciliary ganglion (GSE) Trochlear Nuclei (SVE) Trigeminal motor (GSE) Abducens nucleus Superior salivatory nucleus via: (GVE) Sphenopalatine & Submandibular ganglion (SVE) Facial motor nucleus (GVE) Inferior Salivatory via Otic ganglion (GVE) Dorsal motor nucleus via Parasympa & Terminal ganglia (GSE) Spinal nucleus (GSE) Hypoglossal nucleus (SVE) Nucleus Ambiguus VISCERAL GVE 3 Edlinger-Westphal nucleus C.C. 7 Superior salivatory nucleus LNP, S,S 9 Inferior salivatory nucleus P.G 10 Dorsal motor nucles T&A SVE 5 Trigeminal motor n. mastication 7 Facial n. muscle of facial expression 9 Nucleus ambiguus 10 Nucleus ambiguus 11 Nucleus ambiguus -

EFFECTORS
Extraocular muscle EXCEPT lat.rectus & superior oblique Ciliary muscle & Sphincter pupilla Superior Oblique Muscles for mastication Lateral nucleus

Lacrimal, nasal, paltine, submandibular, sublingual Muscle of face/ facial expression Parotid gland Visceral organs & glands
Sternocleidomastoid & Trapezius muscle Tongue muscle & genioglossus Muscles of deglutition & phonation

EGBautistaII