Reverse Link Performance of a Generalized MC-
CDMA Systems for Multipath Fading Channel
Md. Rezaul Haque Khan, Nadhir Ben Halima, Francesco G.B. De Natale,Fabrizio Granelli, Gourav Dhavale
DIT – University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38050 Trento, Italy
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, INDIA
E-mail: [khan, nadhir, denatale, granelli]@dit.unitn.it, gourav.gpd@gmail.com
Abstract: In this paper a multicarrier Code-division Multiple-
access (MC-CDMA) system is proposed. The system is analyzed
with a conventional correlator type receiver. Also A new
expression of signal-to-interference-noise-ratio (SINR) and Bit
error rate (BER) for single cell MC-CDMA wireless system over
a Nakagami-m distributed frequency selective multi-path fading
channel with perfect power control condition is derived and
investigated. The performance of MC-CDMA over the frequency
selective multipath fading channel is examined with varying the
number of users K, the Signal-to-Noise-Ratio(SNR) per bit E b /
N0, the number of fading path, the number of signal propagation
path L and Number of subcarriers N respectively. From the
simulation results we have seen that the SINR and BER
performance is affected by these parameters. The result of the
analysis will provide relevant information to design the physical
layer protocol for 4G mobile communications system.
Keywords: multi-path fading, SINR, power control, MC-
CDMA, Nakagami-m distribution.
I. INTRODUCTION
Recently, novel multicarrier (MC) code-division multiple-
access (CDMA) schemes have been suggested due to support
high data rate services over hostile radio channels [1]-[6]. A
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the use of sets of multiple
spreading sequences per user in MC CDMA has been
investigated for Rayleigh fading channel [7]. A SNR of MC
Direct-sequence (DS)-CDMA systems with Rake receivers
over multipath fading channel has been evaluated [8]. A
channel pre-equalization for the up-link of MC-CDMA
systems was investigated [9]. An optimization criterion based
on the maximization of the signal-to-interference plus noise
ratio (SINR) at the base station while constraining the
transmitted power by the mobile stations was studied over
Rayleigh fading channels. A new approach for evaluating the
degradation introduced by phase noise on a MC-CDMA
receiver and a new analytical model of SINR have been
developed using the random matrix theory [10]. An impact of
a constant timing error on the performance of a downlink 2
dimensional spreading orthogonal frequency division
multiplex (OFDM)-CDMA system is presented in [11]. This
impact is measured by the SINR degradation after
equalization and dispreading. An asymptotic evaluation of the
SINR was evaluated using random matrix theory. The
transmitter of multitone based DS-CDMA and orthogonal
MC-CDMA spread the serial-to-parallel converted data
streams using a given spreading code in these MC-CDMA
schemes [1]-[11]. The multitone DS- CDMA systems and
orthogonal MC-CDMA systems are a kind of generalized
MC-CDMA systems with subcarrier spacing. The bit error
rate (BER) of such a generalized MC-CDMA system has been
evaluated over the range of Nakagami-m multipath fading
channels [12]. However, they have carried out their research
in the area by considering the mobile wireless channels either
as an AWGN channel or a Rayleigh distributed flat fading
channel or frequency selective fading channel. Very recently,
the Nakagami-m distributed channel has drawn considerable
attention of' the researchers [13] because it is a more realistic
model then the others. This generic channel model is used,
since the Nakagami- distribution is a generalized distribution,
which often gives the best fit to land-mobile and indoor-
mobile multipath propagation environments, as well as to
scintillating ionospheric radio links [13]. A good fit to these
widely varying propagation scenarios is achieved by varying
the single parameter of in the Nakagami- distribution
[12,14,15]. Furthermore, the Nakagami- distribution offers
features of analytical convenience, as it has been shown in
numerous treatises [12,14] and also in this contribution.
However, SINR and BER of the generalized MC-CDMA
systems has not been published yet. In this paper, a new SINR
has been analyzed for a generalized MC-CDMA systems over
Nakagami-m multipath fading channels. The reverse link of
proposed MC-CDMA mobile communication system who’s
SINR will be analyzed in this paper is shown in fig. 1. The
transmitter and receiver block of the generalized system is
elaborated in fig. 2 and fig.3. The paper is organized as
follows. In Section II the MC-CDMA system as well as the
channel model is presented. In Section III, we analyze the
statistic of the decision variable. Section IV describe the
numerical results. Finally discussion is stated in the last
section.
 II. MC-CDMA WIRELESS SYSTEM MODEL

A. Transmitted Signal Model

The transmitter schematic of the kth user is shown in Fig. 1

for the MC-CDMA system. At the transmitter side, the binary
data stream having a bit duration of Tb is serial-to-parallel
converted to N parallel substreams. The new bit duration of
each substream or the symbol duration is Ts=NTb. After serial-
to-parallel conversion, the nth substream modulates a
subcarrier frequency fn using binary phase shift keying
(BPSK) for n=1,2,……N. Then, the N subcarrier-modulated
substreams are added in order to form the complex modulated
signal. Finally, spectral spreading is imposed on the complex
signal by multiplying it with a spreading code. Therefore, the
transmitted signal of user can be expressed as [12]
N
Sk(t)= ∑
n =1
2 P k bkn(t) ck(t) cos(ωnt+φkn) (1)

Where Pk represents the transmitted power per subcarrier,

while{ bkn(t) } , {ck(t)}, {fn }, and {φkn } represent the data
stream, the DS spreading waveform, the subcarrier frequency
set and the phase angles introduced in the carrier modulation
process. The data stream’s waveform bkn(t) consists of a
sequence of mutually independent rectangular pulses of
Figure 1: Block diagram of proposed MC-CDMA systems
duration Ts and of amplitude +1 or -1 with equal probability.
The spreading sequence ck(t) denotes the signature sequence
waveform of the kth user, assumes values of +1 or -1 with
equal probability.

B. Channel Model

As seen from the fig. 1, the kth transmitted signal, Sk(t) is

transmitted through a channel, hk(t). We assume that the
channel between the kth transmitter and the corresponding
receiver is a Nakagami-m fading channel with L multi-path.
The complex low-pass equivalent representation of the
impulse response experienced by subcarrier n of user k is
given by [16]
L
Figure 2. Transmitter of MC-CDMA system.
hkn(t)= ∑l
αnlδ(t-τkl)exp(-jψnl) (2)

where αnl ,τkl and ψnl represent the attenuation factor, delay
and phase-shift for the lth multipath component of the
channel, respectively, while L is the total number of diversity
paths and δ(t)is the Kronecker-Delta function. We assume that
the phases ψnl in “(2),” are independent identically distributed
(i.i.d.) random variables uniformly distributed in the interval
[0, 2π] , while the L multipath attenuations αnl in “(2),” are
independent Nakagami random variables with a probability
density function (pdf) of [16]
m 2
− αnl
2 m −1
P(αnl)= 2m α m
11 e Ω
,αnl≥0 (3)
m
Figure 3. Receiver of MC-CDMA system.
Γ( m)Ω
where Γ (.)is the gamma function, and m is the Nakagami-m Tb L

fading parameter, which is equal to m=E2[(αnl)2] / Var[(αnl)2].

The parameter m of the amplitude distribution characterizes
+ ∫∑
0
l= 1
2 Pk αnl bkn(t-τkl) ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt +ϕkn) ck(t) cos(ωnt)
the severity of the fading over the lth resolvable path. The
dt
parameter , Ωnl is the second moment of αnl, i.e., Ωnl= E[(α L
Tb

∫ ∑∑
2 N
nl) ]. In this paper, we assume a negative exponentially
decaying multipath intensity profile (MIP) distribution. Hence + 2 Pk αnl bkn(t-τkl) ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt +ϕkn) ck(t) cos(ωnt)
l= 1
n= 1
Ωnl=Ω for all l and k. 0

dt
C. Received Signal Tb L

+∫ ∑ ∑
K
2Pk αnl bkn(t-τkl) ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt +ϕkn) ck(t) cos(ωnt)
In this paper, a single-cell MC-CDMA systems are 0 k= 2
l= 1
considered, where the total number of asynchronous users is
K and each mobile station has N subcarriers. Furthermore, it dt
L
is assumed that the chip rate and the bit rate of message
∫ ∑ ∑ ∑
Tb K N
signals are fixed so that the processing gain, G, is fixed by the + 2 Pk αnl bkn(t-τkl) ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt +ϕ
l =1
ratio of the chip rate and the bit rate. Under these 0 k =2 n =1
assumptions, when K signals obeying the form of “(1),” are Tb
transmitted over the frequency-selective fading channels
characterized by “(2),” the received signal including the kn ) ck(t) cos(ωnt) dt+ ∫
0
n (t) ck(t) cos(ωnt nt) dt
other-user interference, fading and the background noise at
N N
the base station can be modeled as
∑ .∑ ∑ ∑
L L

I +∑ ∑
L K K L
=D+ ∑ I + I +∑
K N L
I4
rk(t)= ∑ ∑ ∑ 2 Pk αnl bkn(t-τkl) ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt +ϕ l= 1
1 n =1 l =1
2
k= 2
l= 1
3
k= 2
n =1
l =1
k =1 n =1 l =1 n≠v n≠ v
kn) + n (t) +Z
(4) =D+Z1+Z2+Z3+Z4+Z (5)
where ϕkn= φkn - ψnl - ωn,τkl, which is assumed to be an i.i.d.
random variable having a uniform distribution in [0,2π] , where Z is contributed by n(t) of “(4),” which is a Gaussian
while n(t) represents the additive white Gaussian noise random variable with zero mean.
(AWGN) with zero mean and double-sided power spectral
density of N0/2 . A. Desired Term D

III. DECISION STATISTICS From “(5),”

Tb

In this section, we analyze the statistics of the decision

variable of Zkn. Let us assume that the desired user is the first
D= ∫
0
2 Pk α11l b11(t) c12(t) cos(ωnt) cos(ωnt) dt
user. Let the correlation between the signals of the k-th Tb
mobile station with carrier n and signals of the V-th mobile
station with carrier v. With no loss of generality, it can be
= ∫
0
2 Pk α11l b11(t) c12(t) cos2ωnt dt
assumed also that τ11=0 and ϕ11=0.Then the output of the Tb
2 Pk
matched filter for the k-th mobile station using n-th subcarrier
Tb
=
2
α1l ∫ b11(t) [1-cos2ωnt] dt

∫
0
is Zkn= r k(t) ck(t) cos(ωnt) dt
0 = Pk / 2 α1lb11(Tb)Tb
Tb K N L Tb
= ∫ ∑ ∑ ∑
0
[
k=1 n =1 l =1
2 Pk αnlbkn(t-τkl)ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt +ϕkn) ] Here c12(t)=1 and ∫ b11(t) cos2ωnt]dt=0 for ωc>>2/Tb
0
Tb
E[D2]=Tb2E[ Pk / 2 ]2E[α1l]2=Tb2Pkα21l /2
ck(t) cos(ωnt) dt + ∫
0
n (t) ck(t) cos(ωnt) dt
B. Interference Term
Tb
The output of the correlator matched to the n-th subcarrier, l
= ∫
0
2 Pk α11l b11(t) c12(t) cos(ωnt) cos(ωnt) dt th path, and the reference user associated with k=1 contains
four type of interference in (5):
(i) Interference due to the remaining L-1 paths ≠ l, on the
same carrier n from the same user k=1.
(ii) Interference due to the remaining L-1 paths≠l, from the
other carrier ≠n from the same user k=1.
(iii) Interference due to the L paths from the same carrier n
from the other user k >1.
(iv) Interference due to the L paths from the others carrier ≠n
from the other user k >1.
For this case
Var(Z2)=σ22=0 (8)
(iii) Other User, Same Carrier Interference, Z3
The multiuser interference (MUI) term Z3 in (5) is due to the
path associated with the same subcarrier engendered by the
interfering users, k=2,………K, which can be expressed as
L L
Tb

∑ ∑ ∫ ∑ ∑
K K

It is readily shown that R1, R2, R3, R4, have a zero mean Z3= I3 = 2 Pk αnl bkn(t-τkl) ck(t-
l =1 l =1
k =2 k =2
hence, we are only interested in their variances. 0

τkl) cos(ωnt +ϕkn)ck(t)cos(ωnt)dt (9)

(i) Self, Same Carrier Interference, Z1
The interference term Z1 is contributed by the path l : Following the same simplification method used for Z1, we
l=1,2,…….L, associated with the same subcarrier n as the can write
reference user, which can be expressed as L

=∑ ∑
K
L Tb L
∑
2
Var(Z3)=σ3 E[Pk]ΩTb2/(6G) (10)
Z1=
l= 1
I1= ∫∑
0 l= 1
2 Pk αnlbkn(t-τkl)ck(t-τkl) k =2
l =1

(iv) Other User, Other Carrier Interference, Z4

cos(ωnt +ϕkn)ck(t)cos(ωnt) dt
Finally, the MUI term Z4 in “(5),” is due to the path l,
Consequently, l=1,2,……….L, induced by the subcarriers n, n=1,2,……..N
and n≠v of the interfering user k, k=2,………K, which can
L
be expressed as
Var(Z1)= σ12 = ∑ E[Pk/2] Ω Tb2/3G. N

∑ ∑ Tb L

∫ ∑ ∑ ∑
l =1 K L K N
L Z4= ∑ I4= 2 P k αnl bkn
∑
n =1 l =1
= E[Pk] Ω Tb2/(6G) (6) k =2 l =1 0 k =2 n =1
l =1
n≠v
(t-τkl) ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt+ϕkn) ck(t) cos(ωnt) dt
(11)
(ii) Self , Other Carrier Interference Z2
Following the same simplification method used for Z1, we
The interference term of Z2 is contributed by the path l, can write
L
l=1,2,……….L, associated with the subcarriers n, n=1,2,…
∑ ∑ ∑
K N
…..N. n≠v induced by the reference user, which can be Var(Z4)=σ32= E[Pk]ΩTb2/(6G) (12)
l= 1
expressed as k= 2 n=1
N

∑.∑
L Thus MAI power=σ2MAI=σ12+σ22+σ32+σ42
L
Z2= I2
∑ ∑
n =1 L K

∑
l =1
n≠v = E [Pk] Ω Tb2/(6G)+0+ E [Pk] Ω Tb2/(6G)
l =1
l =1 k =2
L

∫ ∑ ∑
Tb N
L
2 Pk αnl bkn(t-τkl) ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt +ϕkn)
∑ ∑ ∑
= K N
l =1
0 n =1 + E [Pk] Ω Tb2/(6G) (13)
l =1
k= 2 n= 1
ck(t) cos(ωnt) dt
(7)

Due to the orthogonality of the subcarrier signals received

over the same path and from the same user, we have
Tb C. Noise Term Z
∫0 cos(ωnt+ϕnl)cos(ωvt+ϕvl)dt =0
Tb
Therefore, the interference term of Z2 due to the path l on the
subcarrier n; n = 1,2,……..N; n ≠ v engendered by the
From “(5),” Z= ∫
0
n (t) c1(t) cos(ωnt) dt

reference user is zero.

 Tb Tb K L

Now E[Z ]= E[ 2
∫ ∫ n (t) n (τ) c1(t) c1(τ) cos(ωnt) cos(ωnτ) SINR= α 211 /(
1 L
[∑ Ω + ∑∑ Ω
t= 0 τ = 0 3G l =1 k =2 l =1

Tb Tb
K N L
dt dτ] = ∫ ∫
t= 0 τ = 0
E[n (t) n (τ)] c1(t) c1(τ) cos(ωnt) cos(ωnτ) dt + ∑∑∑ Ω ] + N /2E )
0 b
k =2 n =1 l =1
dτ
Tb Tb 1
= α 211 /( [LΩ+(K-1)LΩ+(K-1)NLΩ] + N 0 /2E b )
= ∫ ∫ N0//2 δ(t-τ) c1(t) c1(τ) cos(ωnt) cos(ωnτ) dt dτ 3G
t= 0 τ = 0 1
Tb Tb = α 211 /( [Ω(LK+NLK-NL)] + N 0 /2E b ) (16)
3G
= N0//2 ∫
t =0
c21(t) cos2(ωnt) dt = N0//4 ∫
t =0
(1+cos2ωnt) dt
Unconditional SINR can be derived as below,
= N0//4 (Tb+1/2ωn sin2ωnTb) ≈ N0Tb/4 for ωn>> 2/Tb
α
Var(Z)=E[Z2]=σ2N=N0Tb/4 (14) SINR=
∫ SINRα11P(α11) dα11
0
Hence, conditional signal-to-noise-interference-ratio
1
conditioned on α1l =Ω/( [Ω(LK+NLK-NL)] + N 0 /2E b ) (17)
SignalPower 3G
SNIRα1l=
InterferencePower + NoisePower
IV. NUMERICAL RESULTS
D
=
σ MAI + σ 2 N
2
To mitigate near-far problem, power control must be
L implemented in MC-CDMA systems. Here, the performance
Pk /2 α 2 11 )/( ∑ E[Pk ] Ω Tb2 /6G.
2
=( Tb parameters, the SINR of the MC-CDMA system in case of
l =1 perfect power control have been evaluated. To draw all the
K L
curves it is assumed that, Ω= 1.
+ ∑ ∑ E[Pk ] Ω Tb2 /6G
k = 2 l =1
The performance parameter SINR, in case of perfect power
K N L control condition has been plotted in fig. 4, 5, 6, 7 with the
+ ∑ ∑ ∑ E[Pk ] Ω Tb2 /6G + N T /4 )
0 b
number of users K, the Signal-to-Noise-Ratio(SNR) per bit Eb
k = 2 n =1 l =1 / N0, the number of fading path or the number of signal
propagation path L and Number of subcarriers N respectively.
K L
1
∑∑
L
= α 11 /(
2
[ ∑ E[Pk ] Ω + E[Pk ] Ω In fig. 4, SINR is plotted with the number of simultaneously
3Pk G l =1 k =2 l =1 active users K using L parameters. Eb / N0=20dB; L=1, 2, 4
K N L
and used to draw the three curves of fig. 4. From fig. 4, it is
+ ∑∑∑
k =2 n =1 l =1
E[Pk ] Ω ] + N /2E )
0 b
observed that keeping all other parameter constant, if the
number of simultaneously active user is increased, the SINR
decreases. The cause behind this trend of SINR can explain
(15) easily. As the number of user increases, the interference
Where, energy per bit Eb=PkTb and we assuming α112 is a among the users increase which in tern increase the MAI
random variable with Nakagami-m distribution.“(15).” is the power and consequently, the SINR decreases. It is also
generalized expression of conditional SINR conditioned on α observed that, if all other variable kept constant, the SINR
decrease with the increase of number of fading path L, i.e.,
11.
with the increase of the number of signal propagation path.
Now we will consider Perfect power control condition

For Perfect power control E [Pk]=Pk ∀ k, i.e., the set of power

level for the K-1 interfering users are constant. Hence,
 Figure 6: SINR with the number of fading path for MC-CDMA system with
Figure 4. SINR with the number of users for MC-CDMA system with perfect perfect power control.
power control.
The variation of SINR with the number of propagation path L
is shown in fig. 6. From fig. 6 it is evident that if the number
of fading path is increased, the SINR decreases. It can be
explained as below. As the number of propagation path
increases, the delay spread and hence the inter-symbol
interference (ISI) increase, which in turn increase the MAI
decreasing the SINR.

From fig. 7, it is observed that keeping all other parameter

constant , if the number of subcarrier is increased, the SINR
decreases. The cause behind this trend of SINR can explain
easily. As the number of subcarrier increases, the interference
among the subcarrier increase which in tern increase the MAI
power and consequently, the SINR decreases.

Figure 5: SINR with Eb/N0 for MC-CDMA system with perfect power
control.

The variation of SINR with Eb/N0 using L=1, G=128, N=5,

K=5 is shown in fig. 5. From fig. 5 it is seen that keeping all
other parameters constant, if the ration Eb/N0 is increased, the
SINR increase almost linearly upto a certain value. After that
certain value of Eb/N0, the SINR becomes almost independent
of Eb/N0. It can be explained as below. For lower value of
Eb/N0, the interference power caused by multiple users is
negligible compared to the noise power. Consequently, for the
lower value of Eb/N0 , SINR is linearly related with Eb/N0. But
after a certain value of Eb/N0 , the noise power becomes less
significant compared to that MAI power. Hence the SINR Figure 7: SINR with the number of subcarrier for MC-CDMA system with
becomes almost independent of Eb/N0. perfect power control.
The performance criteria BER, under the impact of perfect
power control for MC-CDMA single cell system has been
plotted in fig. 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, and 6.8 versus the number of
users, K, processing gain G, the ratio Eb/N0 and the number of
fading path L respectively.
performance degrades, i.e., the BER increases. From the fig.
6.8, it is seen that for G=256 & m=10 and G=512 & m=10 the
number of allowable propagation path is 2 and 6 respectively.
For m=1, BER> 10-3 always.

In fig. 6.5, the variation of BER versus the number of

simultaneously active users is drawn using G=512,
Eb/N0=20dB and N=5. Here, L=1, 4 and fading parameter m
=1, 10 are used to draw the three curves in fig.6.5. It is
observed that as the number of simultaneously active user
increases, the BER of MC-CDMA system increases indicating
the degradation of system performance. As the MAI increases
with the increase of simultaneously active user, BER increase
consequently. It is also observed that, BER decreases with the
increase of the fading parameter m. The value of m indicates
the severity of fading of the channel. Higher value of m
indicates the less severe fading. Hence, BER decrease with
the increase of the value of m. if we take 10 -3 or less as the
acceptable BER, then from fig. 6.5, it is seen that for L=1 &
m=10, the allowable active user at a time can be
approximately 135; for L=4 & m=10, the number reduced to Fig. 6.5: BER versus the number of users for non-cellular MC-CDMA system
40. But for m=1, the BER is always grater than 10-3 for any with perfect power control.
value of L. So the number of fading path and the severity of
fading impose a limitation on the number of simultaneous
active users.

In fig 6.6, BER has been plotted for various processing gain G
using K=25, Eb/N0=20 dB and N=5. L=1,4 and fading
parameter m=1,10 are used to draw the curves. It is seen from
the plot that as the processing gain increases, the BER of the
MC-CDMA system decreases. To get BER 10-3, the required
G for L=1 & m=10; L=4 & m=10 are approximately 180and
450. But for the other case of m=1,if we increases the
processing gain to 1000, even at that condition the BER
remains grater than 10-3 as seen from fig. 6.6.

In fig. 6.7, BER for different values of Eb/N0 using K=25,

G=512 and N=5 has been plotted. It is seen that, BER of the
system decreases linearly as the ratio Eb/N0 increase upto a Figure. 6.6: BER versus processing gain for non-cellular MC-CDMA system
particular value, approximately in the region of 15 to 20 dB. with perfect power control.
After that value, the BER decreases vary slowly as the curves
becomes almost flat beyond the region. In general, it can be
concluded that for a fixed number of user, the number of
fading path, the fading parameter and the processing gain, as
the ratio Eb/N0 increases, the BER decreases indicating the
improvement of the system performance. To get BER 10-3, the
requirement of Eb/N0 for L=1 & m=10 and L=4 & m=10 are
approximately 10 dB and 17 dB respectively. But for the other
case with m=1, BER less than 10-3 is not achievable even if
we increase Eb/N0 upto 30 dB as seen from fig. 6.7.

In fig 6.8, the BER has been drawn against the number of
fading path L using Eb/N0=20 dB, K=20 and N=5. Processing
gain G=128, 256, 512 and fading parameter m=1, 10 are used
to draw the curves of fig. 6.8. From the plot, it can be said Figure. 6.7: BER versus Eb/No for non-cellular MC-CDMA system with
that as the number of propagation path increases, the system perfect power control.
 τkl < t < Tb, bkn(t-τkl)=bk0

Therefore,
τ
T1= Pk / 2 [
∫0 αnl bk-1 ck(t-τkl)

ck(t) cos(ϕkn)dt
Tb
+
τ ∫ αnl bk0 ck(t-τkl) ck(t) cos(ϕkn)dt]

τ
= Pk / 2 αnl [bk-1
∫0 ck(t) ck(t-τkl) cos(ϕkn)dt + bk0

Tb
∫τ ck(t) ck(t-τkl) cos(ϕkn)dt]

Pk / 2 αnl [bk-1 R1(τkl) + bk0 ∧ R1(τkl)]

Figure. 6.8: BER versus number of fading path for non-cellular MC-CDMA
system with perfect power control. =
Here, R1(τkl) and ∧ R1(τkl) are autocorrelation function
τ
V. DISCUSSION defined as R1(τkl)=
∫0 ck(t) ck(t-τkl) cos(ϕkn) dt
The reverse link performance of MC-CDMA wireless
Tb
communication system over a Nakagami-m distributed
frequency selective multi-path fading channel considering
∧ R1(τkl)=
∫τ ck(t) ck(t-τkl) cos(ϕkn) dt

perfect power control has been analyzed in this paper. A Let us calculate E[R1 2(τkl)] , Let, rTc≤ τkl ≤ (r+1)Tc
new method for the analysis of SINR performance of the Then,
generalized MC-CDMA for the reverse link has been
τ −rTc Tc
presented. From the results, we concluded that the
proposed MC-CDMA is an attractive wireless multiple
R1(τkl)=
0 ∫ck(t) ck(t-τkl) cos(ϕkn) dt +
τ − rTc
ck(t)
∫
access candidate, which is capable of interworking with the τ − rTc + Tc
existing 2G and 3G CDMA system, while providing an
evolutionary path for future 4G networks without rigid.
ck(t-τkl)cos(ϕkn)dt+
Tc ∫
ck(t)ck(t-τkl)cos(ϕkn)dt +

2Tc rTc
APPENDIX ∫
τ − rTc +Tc
ck(t) ck(t-τkl) cos(ϕkn) dt +
τ − rTc
ck(t)ck(t-τ
∫
τ
In this section, we derive (6).
let us define,
)cos(ϕkn)dt+
kl
∫rTc ck(t)ck(t-τkl) cos(ϕkn) dt

Tb

T1= ∫ 2 Pk αnl bkn(t-τkl) ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt +ϕkn) r τ −rTc + jT r −1

0
ck(t) cos(ωnt) dt
= ∑j =0
∫jTc ck(t) ck(t-τkl) cos(ϕkn)dt + ∑
j =0

( j +1)Tc
∫τ −rTc + jTc
Tb
= ∫ 2 Pk αnl bkn(t-τkl) ck(t-τkl) cos(ωnt+ϕkn) ck(t) ck(t-τkl) cos(ϕkn)dt
0
ck(t) cos(ωnt) dt
For, jTc≤ t <(j+1)Tc, a1(t)=a1(j),
Tb jTc≤ t < τ-rTc+jTc, ak(t-τ)=ak(G+j-1-r)
= Pk / 2 ∫ [αnlbkn(t-τkl)ck(t-τkl)ck(t)] τ-rTc+jTc ≤ t < (j+1)Tc, ak(t-τ)=ak(G+j-r)
0
r τ l , k − rTc + jT
[cos(2ωnt+ϕkn)+cos(ϕkn)]dt
R1(τkl)= ∑a
j =0
1 (j)a k (G + j - 1 - r) ∫
jTc
cos(ϕkn)dt
for fn>> 1/Tb , cos(2ωnt+…….) term goes to zero.
r −1 ( j +1)Tc
For , 0< t < τkl, bkn(t-τkl)=bk -1
and + ∑ a (j)a
j =0
1 k (G + j - r) ∫τ l ,k −rTc + jTc
cos(ϕkn) dt
 REFERENCE
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E [(bk-1)2 R21(τkl)] + E[( bk0)2 ∧ R21(τkl)] = Tb2/3G

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kl)]] =E[Pk/2] Ω Tb /3G.
2