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Three Dimensional Analytical Geometry

The equation of the Sphere whose centre is (a, b, c) and radius r is

The equation of the Sphere has the following three characteristics. It is of second degree equation in x, y, z The coefficients of x2, y2, z2 are equal The terms xy, yz and zx are absent

If the coefficients of x2, y2, z2 are each unity, then the coordinates of the centre of the Sphere are , ,

and square of the radius is equal to the sum of the squares of the coordinates of the centre minus the constant term.

The equation of a Sphere whose centre is (x1, y1, z1) is

Equation of a Sphere with the extremities of diameter at the points (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) is

Two Spheres S1 and S2 whose radii are r1 and r2 touch externally if the distance between their centres is equal to the sum of their radii. d = r1 + r2 The point of contact is the point which divides internally the line joining the centres in the ratio of the radii.

Two Spheres S1 and S2 whose radii are r1 and r2 touch internally if the distance between their centres is equal to the difference of their radii. d = r1 ~ r2 The point of contact is the point which divides externally the line joining the centres in the ratio of the radii.
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To find the condition that the plane Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 may touch the Sphere is

Condition for the two Spheres to cut Orthogonally

and is

The General Equation of a Right Circular Cylinder If the axis of the required cylinder is equation of a circular cylinder is and radius is r then the

The equation of the Cylinder whose generators intersect the curve , and parallel to the line is

The equation of the cylinder whose generators touch the sphere

and are parallel to the line

is

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The equation of the Cone whose vertex is at the point generators intersect the conic is ,

, ,

and whose

The equation of the Right Circular Cone whose vertex is at at the line and whose semi-vertical angle

, , is

and its axis

The equations of the enveloping cone whose vertex is at generators touch the sphere is

, ,

and whose

The equation of the tangent plane at the point (x1, y1, z1) to the cone is

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