Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methods, procedures and the materials, the Treatments and number of Replications to be made in the event that this proposed experiment will be carried out. This chapter also presents the data to be collected. [USE JUSTIFY] Research Design The present study used the single group design. [DISCUSS HOW THIS DESIGN IS DONE] General Procedure [CORRECT LEFT-SIDE HEADING] A. Collection and Preparation of Malunggay Seed Extract

The researchers will collect/purchase [DELETE] malunggay seeds in pods. A total of twelve (12) malunggay kernels will be used in this study. The shelling of the malunggay pods will be done manually by the researchers. The extract will be obtained by pounding the seeds on a Mortar and Pestle. Using a cheesecloth, the pounded Malunggay seeds will be pressed to extract its juice. During the extraction process, the specified number of malunggay kernels to be used for each treatment will be pounded separately, such that, for T1 which is 1 Kernel:1Liter water, only one (1) kernel will be pounded and its juice will be extracted and immediately added to one (1) liter bottled water sample, and so on for the other Treatments. [USE JUSTIFY!]

B. Collection and Preparation of Water

The researchers will collect water samples from an open well found in Dipolog City [PLEASE SPECIFY THE LOCATION OF THESE WELLS] . The Researchers will get eight (8) Liters sample from the well. The researchers will prepare and use a total of eight (8) one- liter-capacity plastic bottles. These eight bottles will be filled with water [ADD: samples] from the well [ONLY 1 WELL?] and will be used for the two (2) set-ups or replications. There will be a set of four (4) bottles for each replication where each bottle contains 1 Liter water.

C. Preparations of Treatments The different concentrations of malunggay seed extracts added to the water samples will be expressed based on its quantity or number of seeds (kernels) per liter of water. The treatments, in two (2) replications A and B, will use the following proportions or number of malunggay seed (kernel) extracts added to a liter of water, viz:

Replication A No. of Malunggay Kernels (pcs.) 0 1 2 3

Treatments (Tx) Control (0Kernel:1Li.) T1 T2 T3 (1 kernel:1Li.) (2 Kernels:1Li.) (3 Kernels:1Li.)

Volume of water (Liter) 1 1 1 1

Replication B No. of Malunggay Kernels (pcs.) 0 1 2 3

Treatments (Tx) Control (0Kernel:1Li.) T1 T2 T3 (1 kernel:1Li.) (2 Kernels:1Li.) (3 Kernels:1Li.)

Volume of water (Liter) 1 1 1 1

There will be two (2) replications ( Replication A and Replication B) of the treatments in this study. [IMPROVE THE ABOVE TABLE TABLES HAVE BORDERS. USE THE WORD REPLICATES INSTEAD OF REPLICATIONS] The set-ups with malunggay extracts will be equally exposed under the heat of the sun for six (6) hours. The Control, in two (2) bottles, will be left unDESposed [WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THIS WORD?] to the heat of the sun. D. Data-Gathering Procedure After six (6) hours of sun exposure of the six (6) bottles containing malunggay seed extracts , all the eight (8) bottles containing the water samples

will be brought to Agape Laboratory in Dipolog City for Laboratory Analysis to find out their pH, turbidity, and E.Coli presence, respectively. The results will be the source of data for interpretation and analysis.

Materials and Equipment This experiment does not require the use of sophisticated gadgets. The following are the materials and equipments needed: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Plastic bottles (one liter capacity), with caps 8 pcs. Malunggay Seeds- 12 Kernels /pcs. Open Well water Samples, 8 Liters Mortar and Pestle 1 pair Cheese Cloth or clean cotton handkerchief- 1 pc. Marker

Data Gathering Procedure

[WHERE ARE YOUR PROCEDURES? WHATARE THE STEPS TO FOLLOW? THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT IN CHAPTER 3 WHICH YOU FAILED TO SHOW. PLEASE ARRANGE THE LEFT-SIDE HEADINGS IN CORRECT SEQUENCE]

Statistical Treatment of the Study

Table 4.1 Laboratory Results of Water Analysis

Control 0 Kernel: 1 Liter TurbidE. pH ity Coli Tx T1 T2 1Kernel: 1Liter 2 Kernel: 1Liter TurbidE. TurbidE. pH ity Coli pH ity Coli T3 3 Kernel:1 Liter TurbidE. pH ity Coli

TRIAL

Replication 1 Replication 2

TOTAL MEANS

[USE THE TERM REPLICATE]

Table 4.1 above will contain the primary data taken by the

Researchers from the results of the laboratory analysis. F-test or ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) will be used to prove the hypothesis of this study relative to the effectiveness of the combination of Solar Heat and manlunggay Seed Extract as water purification agents.

The ANOVA will be used to compare the means of the different Treatments.

Collect/Purchase two (2) kilograms of fresh malunggay seeds in pods

One (1) Liter water samples from three (3) different wells found Dipolog City, Dapitan City and the municipality of Katipunan.

Manual shelling of the malunggay Preparation of twelve (12) sterilized plastic bottles.

Pounding the seeds using a Mortar and Pestle

Pounded Malunggay seeds will be pressed to extract its juice using a cheesecloth

Each water sample will have four (4) set-ups each containing 100mL of its respective water. The Control group is going to be brought to Agape Lab for analysis.

Three (3) of the set ups will have treatments T1, T2, and T3 and a Control with different malunggay extract concentration: T1= 5%, T2= 10% and T3= 15% Control= 0% All 12 bottles containing the water samples will be brought to Agape Laboratory for analysis to find out their pH, Color, and E.Coli presence

Four (4) hours of sun exposure

Bibliography

Madsen M, J Schlundt, and EF Omer (1987) Effect of water coagulation by seeds of Moringa oleifera on bacterial concentrations. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90: 101-109. Retrieved August 13, 2011. Olsen A (1987) Low technology water purification by bentonite clay and Moringa oleifera seed flocculation as performed in Sudanese villages. Effects on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Water Research 21(5): 517-522. Retrieved August 25, 2011 Duke JA (1987) Moringaceae: Horseradish-tree, benzolive-tree, drumstick-tree, sohnja, moringa, murunga-kai, malunggay, p. 19-28. In: M. Benge (ed.) Moringa: A multipurpose vegetable and tree that purifies water. Sci. & Technol./ For., Environ., & Natural Resources Agro-Forestation Tech. Ser. 27. US AID, Washington, D.C. Retrieved August 28, 2011 Yongbai KA (2005) Studies on the potential use of medicinal plants and macrofungi (lower plants) in water and waste water purification. Retreived September 8, 2011 from www.biotech.kth.se/iobb/news/kenneth04.doc.

Berger MR, M Habs, SA Jahn, S Schmahl (1984) Toxicological assessment of seeds from Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala, two highly efficient primary coagulants for domestic water treatment of tropical raw waters. East African Medical Journal 61: 712-716. Retrieved September 15, 2011 Jahn SA, HA Musnad and H Burgstaller (1986) Tree that purifies water: Cultivating multipurpose Moringaceae in the Sudan. Unasylva 38(152): 23-28. Retreived September 18, 2011 from http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/r7750e/r7750e04.ht m

APPENDIX- A

(Letter-head of ZNNHS)

August 5, 2011

NOEL G. SOLIS. R.N. Research Adviser ZNNHS Science Department Dipolog City

Re:

Submission of Research Titles for Research Proposal Writing

Sir:

In view of my desire to start writing my research proposal for the first semester, school year 2011-2012, may I have honor to submit these research titles for your consideration: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1st title of research) (2nd title of research) (3rd title of research) (4th title of research) (5th title of research) (6th title of research) Very truly,

Maritoni Charity J. Gayapa and Alexa C. Tiu

APPENDIX-B Proposed Budget

APPENDIX- C

Schedule of Activities DAY ACTIVITY