Name __________________________________________ Chemistry Introduction and Chemistry of Water Book Review Chemistry Review (Starts on page 148) 1.

What is chemistry?

2. ________ are the building blocks of matter

3. What two things can be found in the nucleus of an atom?

4. What can be found orbiting around the nucleus of an atom?

5. An element is a ______ substance that _________________ be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.

6. Elements are made of only _____ type of _________

7. Looking at Figure 6.3 answer the following: a) What are the three most abundant elements found in organisms? b) What are the three most abundant elements found in the earths crust?

8. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutron are called _____________

9. Changing the number of neutrons in an atom does ____ change the overall _______ of the atom, changing the number of neutrons can affect the _______ of the nucleus, in some cases causing the nucleus to decay, or ________________.

10. When a nucleus breaks apart, it gives off ______________ that can be detected. Isotopes that give off radiation are called _______________________________.

11. What is a compound AND give an example?

12. What are two unique properties listed in the book about compounds?

13. A ____________________ bond is a chemical bond that forms when electrons are _________

14. _______ and other substances with covalent bonds are called _________________

15.In order for an atom to be most stable, the outermost energy level should either be empty or _______________ filled. Some atoms tend to give up (________________) or obtain (accept) electrons to empty or fill the outer energy level.

16. An atom that has lost or gained an electron is called an ______

17.What is meant by Na and Cl in terms of electrons? 2

18.What are two important reasons of having ions in our bodies?

Chemical Equations Starting on page 156 1. Define chemical reaction:

2. What is a reactant and where in a chemical equation would you find reactants?

3. What is a product and where in a chemical equation would you find products?

4. What is the conservation of mass?

Water Chemistry (Stars on page 161) 5. Why is water considered a polar molecule?

6. What is polarity?

7. What is a hydrogen bond?

8. Visualizing Properties of Water (page 162) answer the following: 3

a) Which atoms make up water? How many of each are there?

b) Why is water called a universal solvent?

c) What does water is adhesive mean AND give an example that shows the adhesion property of water?

d) What does water is cohesive mean AND give an example that shows the cohesive property of water?

9. What is a solvent?

10. What is a solute?

11. What is an example of a homogenous mixture?

12.What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?

13. What is an acid?

14. What is a base?

15. Data Analysis Lab 6.1 on page 164, look at the graphs and answer the following: a) What do you think is the best pH level (or optimal pH level) for the enzyme Protease (enzyme that breaks down protein in foods)? b) What do you think is the best temperature level (or optimal temperature level) for Protease? 4

16. What is pH a measure of?

17. What pH levels are considered acidic? ___________ what pH levels are considered basic? ________ what pH levels are considered to have a neural pH?_______

18. The majority of biological processes carried out by cells in our body occur between a pH of ______ and ______.

19. What is the importance of having buffers in our body?

Analysis (stats on page 175) 1. Reach question 5 and write the letter of the answer: __________ 2. Read question 6 and write the letter of the answer: ___________ 3. Read question 7 and write the letter of the answer: ___________ 4. Read question 20 and write the letter of the answer: __________ 5. Looking at the graph titled effect of temperature on enzyme reactions answer the following: a) Which enzyme works optimally in lower temperatures? _________ b) Which enzyme works optimally in higher temperatures? __________ c) What is the optimal temperature (or most preferred) of Enzyme A?________ d) What is the optimal temperature (or most preferred) of Enzyme B? _______ e) Which enzyme is more active in a human cell and explain why? 6. Read question 31 and write the letter of the answer: ___________ 7. Read question 32 and write the letter of the answer: __________ 5