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1. Av =
vo
=? 4. In circuit shown in fig. P3.5.4, the input voltage vi is
vi 0.2 V. The output voltage vo is
400 kW
50 kW
40 kW
vi 150 kW
10 kW
vo vi
25 kW
vo
R
4 kW R R
R
vi
vo
Fig. P3.5.3
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183 Operational Amplifiers 3.5
(A) -8 (B) 8 20 kW 20 kW
+0.5 V
(C) -10 (D) 10
40 kW
-1 V
vo
7. For the op-amp shown in fig. P3.5.7 open loop 60 kW
+2 V
differential gain is Aod = 10 3. The output voltage vo for
vi = 2 V is
Fig. P3.5.10
100 kW
(A) 2.67 V (B) -2.67 V
100 kW
vi (C) -6.67 V (D) 6.67 V
vo
vo
vi2
8. The op-amp of fig. P3.5.8 has a very poor open-loop 1 kW
voltage gain of 45 but is otherwise ideal. The
closed-loop gain of amplifier is Fig. P3.5.11
20 kW vo
Fig. P3.5.9 +18 V
40 kW
+15 V
(A) -1.5 mA (B) 1.5 mA
Fig. P3.5.13
(C) -0.75 mA (D) 0.75 mA
(A) 34 V (B) -17 V
10. In the circuit of fig. P3.5.10 the output voltage vo is (C) 32 V (D) -32 V
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3.5 Operational Amplifiers 184
14. vo = ? 18. For the circuit shown in fig. P3.5.18 the true
100 kW relation is
20 kW
60 kW vo
+10 V 10 kW vo1
20 kW
1 kW
+15 V
30 kW R
R
vi
Fig. P3.5.14 vo2
vo
15. Av = =?
vi (A) vo1 = vo2 (B) vo1 = -vo2
R R
(C) vo = 2 vo2 (D) 2 vo1 = vo2
R
R 19. vo = ?
R vo 10 kW
10 kW
vi
vo
+6 V
48 kW
Fig. P3.5.15 5 kW
6 kW
(A) 5 (B) -5
(C) 6 (D) -6 Fig. P3.5.19
Fig. P3.5.16–17
12 V vo
1 kW
(C) ¥ (D) 50
17. If open-loop gain is Aod = 999, then closed-loop gain Fig. P3.5.20
is
(A) -0.999 (B) 0.999 (A) -12 V (B) 12 V
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185 Operational Amplifiers 3.5
4 kW
vo v1 +
0.1 mA
2 kW
2V 6 kW
2 kW vo
4 kW
Fig. P3.5.21
-
(A) -30V (B) 18V
(C) -18V (D) 28V
v2
22. vo = ?
10 kW Fig. 3.5.25
(A) 8 (B) -6
vo
(C) 6 (D) -8
0.1 mA
20 kW
5V 26. vo = ?
Fig. P3.5.22 vo 1
(A) 4 V (B) -4 V 3 kW
(C) 5 V (D) -5 V
23. io = ? 2 kW
3 kW
4 kW
3 kW 2
io
6V
12 V 2m A
6 kW
Fig. 3.5.26
1 kW
6 kW vi
vo
vo
2.5 V 3 kW
8 kW
6 kW
1 kW
4 kW
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3.5 Operational Amplifiers 186
28. For the circuit shown in fig. P3.5.28 the input 31. io = ?
resistance is 6 kW
io 2 kW
6A vo
2 kW
4 kW
is
Fig. S3.5.31
2 kW
(A) -18 A (B) 18 A
10 kW
(C) -36 A (D) 36 A
(C) 25 kW (D) 47 kW 3 kW D1
6 kW D2
29. In the circuit of fig. P3.5.29 the op-amp slew rate is
2 kW
SR = 0.5 V ms. If the amplitude of input signal is 0.02 vi
V, then the maximum frequency that may be used is vo
240 kW
10 kW Fig. P3.5.32–33
vi
vo
32. If vi = 2 V, then output vo is
(A) 4 V (B) -4 V
Fig. P3.5.29 (C) 3 V (D) -3 V
5 kW
vi
vo
Fig. P3.5.34
t t
- -
5 kW (A) e 10
u( t) V (B) -e 10
u( t) V
t t
- -
(C) e 1 .6
u( t) V (D) -e 1 .6
u( t) V
Fig. P3.5.30
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187 Operational Amplifiers 3.5
t=0 vss
10 kW
X
20 kW R
vs
20 kW vo
20 kW
+
4 mF vC Fig. P3.5.38
5V
-
Fig. P3.5.36
1 1
(A) (B)
2 3
(A) > 10 V (B) < 10 V
1 1
(C) (D)
(C) > 5 V (D) < 5 V 6 12
1 kW vo IL R2
R
R RL
100 kW
Fig. P3.5.40
Fig. P3.5.37 vs vs
(A) - (B)
R2 R2
(A) 1 mV (B) 100 mV
vs vs
(C) - (D)
(C) 200 mV (D) 2 mV RL RL
38. The analog multiplier X of fig. P.3.5.38 has the 41. In the circuit of fig. P3.5.41 output voltage is |vo| = 1
characteristics vp = v1 v2 . The output of this circuit is V for a certain set of w, R, an C. The |vo| will be 2 V if
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3.5 Operational Amplifiers 188
1
R1 (A) mF (B) 2p mF
2p
R1
1
vi = sin wt V vo (C) mF (D) 2 p 6 mF
2p 6
R
C
45. In the circuit shown in fig. P3.5.45 the op-amp is
ideal. If bF = 60, then the total current supplied by the
Fig. P3.5.41
15 V source is
(A) w is doubled (B) w is halved
+15 V
(C) R is doubled (D) None of the above
47 kW
42. In the filter circuit of fig. P3.5.42. the 3 dB cutoff
frequency is
50 nF 6 kW
vo
3 kW vo Vz = 5 V 100 W
vi
Fig. P3.5.42
Fig. P3.5.45
(A) 10 kHz (B) 1.59 kHz
(C) 354 Hz (D) 689 Hz (A) 123.1 mA (B) 98.3 mA
(C) 49.4 mA (D) 168 mA
43. The phase shift oscillator of fig. P3.5.43 operate at
f = 80 kHz. The value of resistance RF is 46. In the circuit in fig. P3.5.46 both transistor Q1 and
Q2 are identical. The output voltage at T = 300 K is
RF
100 pF 100 pF 100 pF
R
R1 R2
vo v1 v2
R R
333 kW
Fig. P3.5.43
(A) 148 kW (B) 236 kW 20 kW
æv R ö æv R ö
(A) 2 log10 çç 2 1 ÷÷ (B) log10 çç 2 1 ÷÷
è v1 R2 ø è v1 R2 ø
C
æv R ö æv R ö
1 kW (C) 2.303 log10 çç 2 1 ÷÷ (D) 4.605 log10 çç 2 1 ÷÷
è v1 R2 ø è v1 R2 ø
1 kW C
47. In the op-amp series regulator circuit of fig.
P8.3.47 Vz = 6.2 V, VBE = 0.7 V and b = 60. The output
Fig. P3.5.44
voltage vo is
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189 Operational Amplifiers 3.5
vo 150
+36 V Gain of second stage Av2 = - = -6
25
1 kW
Total gain Av = Av1 Av2 = 30, vo = 30 ´ 0.2 = 6 V
30 kW
R R
Solutions vi
R
vo
v1 - 0 v1 - v2 v1
2. (A) The noninverting terminal is at ground level. + + = 0, 3v1 = v2 , v2 = -3vi
R R R
Thus inverting terminal is also at virtual ground.
v2 - v1 v2 v2 - vo
There will not be any current in 60 kW. + + =0
R R R
400
Av = - = - 10 -3vi + vi - 3vi - 3vi = vo Þ
vo
= -8
40 vi
10
3. (B) vo = - (2 sin wt) mV = - 20 sin wt mV vi - v1
1 7. (A) i1 =
100 k
10 kW
i2 100 kW
1 kW i1
vi io 100 kW
ii vo vi
iL v1
i1 vo
4 kW
Fig. S3.5.7
Fig. S3.5.3
v1 - vo
v i2 = , i1 = i2 , v1 - vo = vi - v1
iL = o = -5 sin wt m A 100 k
4k
Þ 2 v1 - vo = vi , vo = - Aod v1
2 sin wt
i1 = ii = = 2 sin wt m A v 2v
1k v1 = - o = o - vo = vi
Aod Aod
io = iL - i1 = -5 sin wt - 2 sin wt = - 7 sin wt m A
vo 1 2
= Þ vo = - = -1996
.
50 vi æ 2 ö (1 + 2 ´ 10 -3)
4. (A) Gain of first stage Av1 = - = -5 çç 1 + ÷
10 è Aod ÷ø
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3.5 Operational Amplifiers 190
5 kW Aod ( vi - vo) = vo
Aod = 999
vo Aod 999
Fig. S3.5.9 = = = 0.999
vi 1 + Aod 1 + 999
vi A v 2 kW
12. (B) v+ = , vo = od i R
500 + 1 501
1 kW
(2.5)(501) = Aod (5), Aod = 250.5 i2
18 ´ 40 15 ´ 20 Fig. S3.5.20
13. (A) v+ = + = 17 V
20 + 40 20 + 40
12 = 3ki1 + 2 ki1 Þ i1 = 2.4 mA , io = i1 = 2.4 mA
æ 100 k ö
vo = ç 1 + ÷v+ = 34 V i2 = -i1 = -2.4 mA
è 100 k ø
vo = i2 (1k) = -2.4 V
v+ v - 10 v+ - 15 vo = va - io( 4k) = -2.4 - (2.4)( 4) = -12 V
14. (C) + + + =0
30 60 20
1 3 11 vo( 4) 12( 8)
v+ = + = 21. (A) v1 = + , v+ = -2 V, v+ = v-
6 4 12 4+8 4+8
æ 100 ö 11 vo
vo = v+ ç 1 + ÷= (1 + 5) = 5.5 V + 8 = -2, vo = -30 V
è 20 ø 12 3
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191 Operational Amplifiers 3.5
v+ - vo v- = v+ , 2 kis = 4 ki1 Þ is = 2 i1
22. (A) v+ = 5 V = v- , = 0.1 mA
10 k vs = 2 kis + 10 ki2
v+ - vo = 1 , 5 - vo = 1 , vo = 4 V is
i2 = is + i1 , vs = 2 kis + 10 k( is + i1 ), i1 =
2
12
23. (D) v+ = v- = 0, i1 = = 3 mA æ i ö vs
4k vs = 2 kis + 10 kç is + s ÷ Þ = 17k = Rin
è 2ø is
3 kW
i2
4 kW i1 ½R ½ 240 k
io 29. (C) Closed loop gain A =½ F½ = = 24
vo ½ R1½ 10 k
12 V 2 mA iL
The maximum output voltage vom = 24 ´ 0.02 = 0.48 V
6 kW
SR 0.5 / m
w £ = = 11
. ´ 106 rad/s
vom 0.48
Fig. S3.5.23
æ R ö
i2 = 3 + 2 = 5 mA, vo = -(5)( 3) = -15 V 30. (A) The offset due to Vio is vo = çç 1 + 1 ÷÷Vio
è R1 ø
-15
i2 = io + iL , 5 = io + , io = 7.5 mA
6 æ 500 ö
= ç1 + ÷ 4m = 404 mV
è 5 ø
vo ( 4)
24. (B)v+ = 2.5 V = v- , = 2.5 Þ vo = 7.5 V Due to I io, vo = RF I io = (500 k)(150n) = 75 mV
8+4
Total offset voltage vo = 404 + 75 = 479 mV
26. (C) v2 + = v2 - = 0 V, current through 6 V source 33. (D) If vi < 0, then vo > 0, D2 blocks and D1 conduct
6 3k
i= = 2 mA, vo = -2m( 3k + 2 k) = -10 V Av = - . , vo = ( -2)( -15
= -15 . )=3 V
3k 2k
27. (D) v+ =
vo(1) vo v (2) vo(1)
= , v- = i + 34. (A) Voltage follower vo = v- = v+
1+ 3 4 2+1 2+1
v+ (0 + ) = 5m(250 ||1000) = 1 V, v+ ( ¥) = 0
v v 2v v
v+ = v- , o = o + i , o = -8 t = 8m(1000 + 250) = 10 s
4 3 3 vi
35. (A) vc (0 - ) = 5 V = vc (0 + ) = 5 V
28. (B) Since op-amp is ideal
For t > 0 the equivalent circuit is shown in fig. S3.5.35
20 kW
i1 +
10 V 4 mF vC
4 kW –
is is
i2
2 kW Fig. S3.5.35
10 kW
t = 20 k ´ 4m = 0.08 s
t
-
Fig. S3.5.28 vc = 10 + (5 - 10) e 0 .08
= 10 - 5 e -12 .5t V for t > 0
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3.5 Operational Amplifiers 192
36. (C) v- =
(10)(10 k)
=5 V Thus when w and R is changed, the transfer function
10 k + 10 k is unchanged.
When v+ > 5 V, output will be positive and LED will be
on. Hence (C) is correct. 42. (B) Let R1 = 3 kW , R2 = 6 kW , C = 50 nF
vi v - vo vi v v
R R + i =0 Þ + i = o
37. (B) v+ = (2) = 1 V, v- = (2) = 1 V, vd = 0 æ 1 ö R2 æ R1 ö R2 R2
2R 2R R1 ||ç ÷ çç ÷÷
è sC ø è 1 + sR1 C ø
v + v- R VCM
VCM = + = 1, vo = F éR ù
2 1 CMRR vi ê 2 (1 + sR1 C) + 1ú = vo
100 1 ë R1 û
CMRR = 60 dB = 10 3 , vo = = 100 mV
1 10 3 vi
[R2 + R1 + sR1 R2 C ] = vo
R1
38. (C) v+ = 0 = v- , é
vo R + R1 sR1 R2 C ù
= 2 ê1 + R + R ú
Let output of analog multiplier be vp . vi R1 ë 1 2 û
vs vp
=- Þ vs = -vp , vp = vss vo vo æ R ö
R R Þ = çç 1 + 2 ÷÷(1 + s( R1 || R2 ) C)
vi è R1 ø
v
vs = -vss vo , vo = - s 1
vss f3dB =
2 p( R1 || R2 ) C
1 1
39. (B) When vi > 2 V, output is positive. When vi < 2 V, = = = 159
. kHz
2 p( 3k ||6 k)50n 2 p(2 k)50n
output is negative.
V
43. (B) The oscillation frequency is
4V 1 1
f = Þ 80 k =
2V 2 p 6 RC 2 p 6 R(100 p)
2p
p t 1
5p Þ R= = 8.12 kW
6 6 ( 80 k)(2 p 6 )(100 p)
RF
= 29 Þ RF = ( 8.12 k)(29) = 236 kW
Fig. S3.5.39 R
5p p
- 44. (A) This is Wien-bridge oscillator. The ratio
TON 1
Duty cycle = = 6 6 = R2 2.1k
T 2p 3 = = 2.1 is greater than 2. So there will be
R1 1k
vs - v- v- - vo oscillation
40.(A) = Þ 2 v1 = vs + vo
R1 R1 R2
v+ v v - vo æ R ö
+ + + + =0 Þ vo = çç 2 + 2 ÷÷ v+ R1
R2 RL R2 è RL ø
æ R ö
2 v- = vs + çç 2 + 2 ÷÷ v+ , v- = v+
è RL ø
R2 R C
Þ 0 = vs + v+ R C
RL
RL v+ vs
v+ = - vs , iL = , iL = -
R2 RL R2 Fig. S3.5.44
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193 Operational Amplifiers 3.5
45. (C) v+ = 5 V = v- = vE ,
The input current to the op-amp is zero.
i+15V = iZ + iC = iZ + a F iE
15 - 5 60 æ 5 ö
= + ç ÷ = 49.4 mA
47 k 61 è 100 ø
333
46. (B) vo = ( vo1 - vo2 )
20
æi ö æi ö
vo1 = -vBE1 - Vt ln çç c1 ÷÷, vo2 = -vBE 2 - Vt ln çç c 2 ÷÷
è is ø è is ø
æi ö æi ö
vo1 - vo2 = -Vt ln çç c1 ÷÷ = Vt ln çç c 2 ÷÷
è ic 2 ø è ic1 ø
v1 v2
ic1 = , ic 2 =
R1 R2
æv R ö
vo1 - vo2 = Vt ln çç 2 1 ÷÷, Vt = 0.0259 V
è R2 v1 ø
333 333 æv R ö
vo = ( vo1 - vo2 ) = (0.0259) ln çç 2 1 ÷÷
20 20 è v1 R2 ø
æv R ö æv R ö
= 0.4329 lnçç 2 1 ÷÷ = 0.4329(2.3026) log10 çç 2 1 ÷÷
v R
è 1 2ø è v1 R2 ø
æv R ö
= log10 çç 2 1 ÷÷
è v1 R2 ø
10 vo v
47. (B) v+ = v- , vZ = = o
10 + 30 4
vo = 4 vz = 6.2 ´ 4 = 24.8 V
************
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