SURROUND SOUND DECODER

SURROUND SOUND DECODER Presented To The Faculty of Electronics and Communications Engineering Divine Word College of Calapan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Electronics 3 Bachelor of Science in Electronics and Communictions Engineering

by: Jimmaleen T. de Silva BS ECE- IV

October,2011

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The SURROUND SOUND DECODER will not be achievable for completion without the people whom the proponent is very grateful. To her colleagues who never stop in believing her,for sharing their knowledge,experiences and materials to her for planning and constructing the project. To Engr. Humphrey Dolor, adviser of the Electronics 3 Lab Class,for his brilliant advice and suggestions regarding the presentation of the project To my parents and siblings, for their exceptional patience when she was working on the project and for the financial support. To all her classmates in engineering, special friends, and colleagues here in DWCC, who have never failed to encourage, support, and trust in us even during the times when she has almost lost our self-confidence. And to HIM, for all the wonderful blessings!

Jimmaleen T. de Silva

ABSTRACT

Surround Sound decoder provides better and highly massive music for having a 4 output speaker. On this project, output to the right and left stereo tape or CD player can be connected to the input signal range and 4 output signal of the circuit can be connected to a surround sound amplifier power amp or two stereo power amplifier.

The main function is op-amp LM741 to amplify signals received by each of the input signal with a signal through the filter signal with capacitor 10uF both before opamp as well strengthen and pass through op-amp again. The power supply is +/- 15 volts

The input signal is coupled to a capacitor (electrolytic capacitor,10 uf,25 volts) and send to a buffer amplifier which provides a means of isolating an input signal from a load by using a stage having unity voltage gain, with very high input impedance and low output impedance.The input signals are provided to four separate outputs. The advantage of this connection is that the load connected across one output has no (or little) effect on the other output. In effect, the outputs are buffered / isolated from each other.

CHAPTER I The Problem and its Background

A. Introduction Over the years, surround sound has become essential part of our entertainment. Surround sound in movie theaters has been around much longer than most people realize. Many movies, beginning in the 1950s, used several tracks of audio on the film to give the sense of being surrounded by sound. These movies had discrete (separate) tracks for each of several speakers behind the screen, and one for an array of speakers to the sides and behind the audience, surrounding them in sound. Going to the movies today is a very different experience from going to the movies 70 years ago -- the picture is clearer, most of the movies are in color, and the admission price is a lot higher. But the biggest change is probably the sound experience. Today, theater audiences expect to hear sound coming from every direction; and the technology that once characterized only movie theaters is now fairly standard in home entertainment centers. Specifically, this project entitled Surround Sound Decoder" will focus on a standard movie theater and home theater surround sound set-ups that recreate the

sound of the spaces and events they are portraying on screen.

B. Statement of the Problem General Problem: In order to complete the surround sound decoder that will be used in home theaters. Specific Problem: 1. To present a technique whereby the localization performance of surround sound decoders can be improved in directions in which human hearing is more sensitive to sound source location.

C. Objective of the Study A number of objectives were presented ino rder for the study to pursue: To develop and select reliable a surround sound decoder with massive hi-fidelity music. To determine the efficiency of the device and the application of the similar technology to large scale applications. To gain better understanding of the device operation.

D. Importance of the Study Importance to Industry Implementing this design project in our industry is a very big opportunity for us to have a massive hi-fidelity music using this SURROUND SOUND DECODER.

Importance to the Academe Once this project becomes completely operational ,t will set a higher standard for future projects in this college. Importance to the Proponent For the proponent, this project will tell whether he is truly qualified In their Electronics 3 subject. This will attest their knowledge and skills acquired during their 3 year study as well as the techniques and experiences they have learned since they started to pursue tis course. Seeing this project fully functioning is a great achievement not only to the designer but also to all of his mentors who have helped them in this design project.

E. Scope and Delimitation The following categories are regarded as the scope and delimitations of the study: Other operating variables about the performance of the device are not considered.

F. Definition of Terms Frequency Response- measure of any system's output spectrum in response to an input signal. In the audible range it is usually referred to in connection with electronic amplifiers, microphones and loudspeakers. Frequency response

requirements differ depending on the application. In high fidelity audio, an amplifier requires a frequency response of at least 2020,000 Hz, with a tolerance as tight as 0.1 dB in the mid-range frequencies around 1000 Hz. DistortionA distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other

characteristic) of an object, image, sound, waveform or other form of information or representation. Distortion is usually unwanted, and often many methods are employed to minimize it in practice. Surround sound -encompasses a range of techniques such as for enriching the sound reproduction quality of an audio source with audio channels reproduced via additional, discrete speakers. Surround sound is characterized by a listener location or sweet spot where the audio effects work best, and presents a fixed or forward perspective of the sound field to the listener at this location. Monaural or Mono- means that all the sound is recorded onto one audio track or channel (a single spiraled groove in a record, for example, or a single magnetic track on tape), which is typically played on one speaker Transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductorsthe transformer's coils. A

varying current in the first o primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic field through

the secondary winding.

Power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to one or more electric loads. The term is most commonly applied to devices that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another form of energy (e.g., mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy.

Chapter II Review of Related Literature

Surround Sound Surround sound in movie theaters has been around much longer than most people realize. Many movies, beginning in the 1950s, used several tracks of audio on the film to give the sense of being surrounded by sound. These movies had discrete (separate) tracks for each of several speakers behind the screen, and one for an array of speakers to the sides and behind the audience, surrounding them in sound. Surround sound lets the movie makers "recreate" the sound of the spaces and events they are portraying on screen. By putting into the surround speakers

the sound of chirping birds, wind whistling through trees, or a helicopter just about to appear on screen, the atmosphere is more realistic and believable, immersing us further into the movie. In addition, having several separate channels of sound

behind the screen lets the movie maker provide a much more convincing sonic image up front since the sound of a car whizzing across the screen can move with the image of that car. Back then, multiple channels of sound were only possible by putting magnetic sound tracks (like there are on magnetic recording tape) to the side of the picture frame on the big 70mm film prints. Because these prints were expensive, economies of scale drove them out of the mainstream by the late 60s. Surround sound was only available on the biggest budget films and even then, only in big "first run" 70mm capable theaters in major cities. In 1977, Star Wars brought us not only a new genre of science fiction film, but a new sound format that would impact motion pictures like no other. Dolby created a way to deliver four channel soundtracks optically on ubiquitous 35mm film. Through their experience with noise reduction technology, Dolby was able to put two optical audio channels on the film in the space previously occupied by the Academy Optical Mono track. They embedded a center and surround channel into these left and right optical tracks. This is called a Matrix. When decoded in the theater, the system yielded three screen channels and one surround. The thrill of multiple screen channels and surround sound was now available for all movies at reasonable production costs. By the mid 80s, virtually every commercial movie release featured four-channel Dolby Stereo sound. In 1992, with the release of Batman Returns, Dolby unveiled the next

generation of motion picture sound, Dolby Digital (a.k.a. Dolby Stereo SR-D). Dolby Digital (DD) features three front screen channels, two surround channels, and one LFE (Low Frequency Effect) track. The sound is stored on the film in digital form, and all channels are discrete, meaning that each channel is a distinct or separate track in the recording, rather than the rear channel and front center channel having to be extracted from two stereo channels like it is with Dolby Stereo. Today, just about every commercial movie release features a Dolby Digital Soundtrack. History of Surround Sound

Some writers trace the origin of surround sound to the 1976 movie Star Wars. Others trace it to the abortive attempts at marketing quadraphonic (four-channel) stereo in the early 1970's. Where did surround sound originate; what was the first surround sound movie? So far, the earliest reference I have seen to what is now called surround sound was a documentary on the making of the 1940 Disney movie, Fantasia. The concept of encoding a third channel into a stereo signal is so simple that I'm sure it was thought of as soon as stereo sound was developed. What about Star Wars? Star Wars was released in a six-channel stereo format which was already at least 15 years old in 1976. I suspect the truth is that, starting with Star Wars, surround sound became almost universally used for movie prints destined for theaters lacking the more expensive multichannel sound systems. Home theater surround sound is simply a by-product of these prints. There is no need to re-record the sound for home video. Once a movie is encoded with surround sound, it remains with the movie for the home video release.

Dolby Pro Logic II Dolby Pro Logic II is a much improved decoding system for Dolby Stereo encoded material and also caters to the decoding of non-encoded material such as regular two channel music. It differs from it predecessor by achieving a more

intelligent extraction of the channels, so much so that instead of a single surround signal, Dolby Pro Logic II yields stereo left and right surrounds. For compatibility with movies and other Dolby Stereo encoded material, Pro Logic II has a Movie mode. Because non-encoded material such a music more often than not collapses to center (all the sound seems to come just from the center speaker), Pro Logic II also has a Music mode which works extremely well and can include user access to parameters to customize the sound field.

How Surround Sound Came to Our Homes As home video took hold, it was realized that when a movie was transferred to Laserdisc or Hi-Fi (Stereo) VHS, the original two-track Dolby Stereo soundtrack had come along for the ride. All that remained to realize surround sound at home was a processor, much like the one in movie theaters, which would take that stereo sound and decode it into surround sound. Home Theater effectively was born! At first, surround sound at home consisted of expensive, yet rudimentary surround sound decoders. It did not take long before the surround sound decoding made its way into receivers, as well as more upscale audio preamplifiers. Integrated receivers with surround sound processing and power amplifiers to drive the speakers have come to be known as A/V Receivers, or Surround Sound

Receivers, while the preamplifiers with surround sound decoding (but no power amplifiers in the chassis) have come to be known as Surround Sound Processors, or Surround Sound Preamps. home theater system. Both have evolved into being the central hub of the

In addition to being able to process and route the audio,

receivers also now can process and route the video signal. Many new receivers have second and third zones, letting you watch movies in several rooms, using the receiver as the hub.

MONO Monaural or simply mono. Mono means that all the sound is recorded onto oneaudio track or channel (a single spiraled groove in a record, for example, or a single magnetic track on tape), which is typically played on one speaker.

Chapter III Research Methodology

Design Methodology
SURROUND SOUND DECODER DESIGN PROCESS

TECHNICAL DESIGN

Buffer amplifier LEFT OUT OUTPUT 1 LEFT INPUT Buffer amplifier CENTER OUT summer amplifier

OUTPUT 2

Buffer amplifier differential amplifier RIGHT INPUT Buffer amplifier REAR OUT OUTPUT 3 RIGHT OUT OUTPUT 4

POWER SUPPLY (15 VOLTS)

Theory of Operation SURROUND SOUND DECODER The input signal is coupled to a capacitor (electrolytic capacitor,10 uf,25 volts) and send to a buffer amplifier which provides a means of isolating an input signal from a load by using a stage having unity voltage gain, with very high input impedance and low output impedance.The input signals are provided to four

separate outputs. The advantage of this connection is that the load connected across one output has no (or little) effect on the other output. In effect, the outputs are buffered / isolated from each other.

POWER SUPPLY ( 15 VOLTS)

This circuit can do by begin from feed house electricity AC 220 volt,50 Hz. T1 performs to modify AC volt,220V from reducing it to 30 V. From that time, Diode D1-D4 perform to rectify it to direct current. R1 and R2 limit the trend and C1 filters the voltage. ZD1 and ZD2 build serial for performing fine dc voltage of + 15 and -15 V.

Transformer is supplied with a 220 v, 60 hz AC supply for converting to +/- 15 volts DC. The transformer is connected to the bridge rectifier which converts alternating current to direct current using a 1N4001 diode. Possitive output of the rectifier used a resistor which is R1 = 5 ohms and R2 = 500 ohms. An electrolytic capacitor is connected to the DC supply to act as a reservoir, supplying current to the output when the varying DC voltage from the rectifier is falling and making the supply smooth. Then a 15 volts diode is used to maintain its rated output of +/-15 volts.

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION As the proponent constructed the project cited above ( Surround Sound Decoder) with main component of operational amplifier that serve as buffer amplifier and voltage subtractor respectively. The operational amplifier is used foe unity gain with high input impedance and low output impedance for attaining an amplifier principle. Moreover ,the proponent observe the following: 1. IC required current and voltage must be considered properly. 2. The positive and negative supply must be deemed `seriously as it will determine and will order the whole circuit to operate properly. 3. The connection of the positive and negative terminals must also be observed

properly as it can cause disastrous event like deterioration of the IC. 4. Most of the Capacitors are electrolytic capacitors. 5. The pre-amplifier used in the circuit used operational amplifier or another amplifier that will generate large current and low voltage gain as it only buffered the input AC signal. In general, the Surround Sound Decoder is surround sound system that fully utilized the principle and capability of the operational amplifier

RECOMMENDATIONS As the proponent presented the limitation and scope of this project, limitations and capability are always on its means. The project is very simple not so complicated like in surround sound decoder available in the market, therefore further manipulation and management for the desired sound quality is limited. For the future enhancement ,the proponent like to suggest the following recommendations: 1.never interchange the indicated power supply.

COMPUTATIONS

For Buffer Amplifier Output 1: Av= Vout/ Vin= 1 Output 2: Av= Vout/ Vin= 1 output 4: Av= Vout/ Vin= 1 Voltage Subtraction: Output 3:

PROTOTYPE CASING

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FINANCIAL STATEMENT

COST ANALYSIS COMPONENTS

SURROUND SOUND DECODER MODULE 300.00/ Module POWER SUPPY (15 VOLTS) MISCELLANEOUS (Soldering lead, wires, PCB, etc.) CASING P400.00/ P 300. P 300. P1300.

PRICE
P