statistics formulas:

Below are listed the main formulas used in statistics:

a> Arithmetic mean formulas:

1> The mean for ungroup ( individual ) data or the arithmetic mean is denoted by: and its

formula is:

2>The arithmetic mean for group (discrete) data is calculated using formula: 3> The arithmetic mean for continuous data is calculated using the formulas: Direct method:

Deviation method:

Step deviation method:

Where , d = X A , A = assumed mean and i = height of the class.

b> Median formulas:

1> Median for ungroup data:

i> Median =

th observation if the N is odd.

ii> Median = average of 2> Median for group data:

and

observation if N is even.

Median =

( For continuous frequency distribution )

where , l= lower limit of median class , f= frequency of median class , c.f. = cumulative frequency of pre-median class , h= size of median class , N = total numbers of items.

c> Quartiles formulas :

1> First quartile: For individual data:

observation in the data arranged in ascending or decreasing order. For group ( discrete) data:

observation in the data arranged in ascending or decreasing order. For continuous data:

lies in

place.

and exact first quartile = where , , l= lower limit of first quartile class , f= frequency of first quartile class , c.f. = cumulative frequency of pre-first quartile class , h= size of first quartileclass , N = total numbers of items. 2> Third quartile: For individual data:

observation in the data arranged in ascending or decreasing order. For group ( discrete) data:

observation in the data arranged in ascending or decreasing order. For continuous data:

lies in

place.

and exact third quartile = where , , l= lower limit of third quartile class , f= frequency of third quartile class , c.f. = cumulative frequency of pre-third quartile class , h= size of third quartileclass , N = total numbers of items.

d> Mode formulas:

1> Mode = value with highest frequency for ungroup and discrete frequency distribution.

2> Mode ( 3> If

)= or then,

( for continuous frequency distribution)

Mode = 4> If then ,

Mode = 5> If two or more than two highest frequency data are present then , Mode = Where , l = lower limit of mode class , preceding modal class , height = frequency of modal class , = frequency of the class

= the frequency of class succeeding modal class , h = class width or

e> Deviation formulas:

1> Mean deviation: Mean deviation from mean ( For ungroup data: )

For group ( continuous and discrete ) data:

and Mean deviation from mode ( )

For ungroup data:

and For group ( continuous and discrete ) data:

where , 2> Quartile deviation: Inter quartile range =

Quartile deviation or semi Inter quartile range =

Co-efficient of quartile deviation = 4> Standard deviation: For ungroup data:

Standard deviation ( For group data i :

)=

where ,

is assumed mean).

Standard deviation ( For group data ii :

)=

where ,

is actual mean).

Standard where , 5> Range:

deviation (

is assumed mean).

Range = Largest item smallest item =

Co-efficient of range =