Consideration of Shading for PartL calculations

Introduction
It has come to our attention that a number of users are querying the limitations imposed by the PartL program as to how window shading can be accounted for in Co2 calculations.

Method
In terms of external shading for PartL there are three considerations: 1. Overhangs 2. External shading devices/fins 3. Internal Blinds

Overhangs and Fins

Overhangs and fin information can be entered in the PartL program on the Additional surface data tab that can be found on the Misc. page:

On this form, when you select a window the Glazing data input becomes active. Shading correction factor This is correction factor applied to a window to allow overhangs and fins to be considered. Below is information from the iSBEM manual that explains how this can be calculated. Note: Shading correction factor is referred to as the Transmission correction factor in iSBEM and the iSBEM manual.

1 of 4

Consideration of Shading for PartL calculations

7.5.6. Transmission correction factors The transmission correction factor for windows can be calculated from:

TS = Fo Ff
where

Fo is the partial shading correction factor for overhangs Ff is the partial shading correction factor for fins
A transmission factor of 1 refers to 100% of light transmitted; i.e. no shading from fins or overhangs. Note: The effect of shading from the horizon (eg. the ground, trees and other buildings) is not considered for the calculations carried out by SBEM.

Shading from overhangs and fins Shading from overhangs and fins depends on the overhang or fin angle, latitude, orientation and local climate. Seasonal shading correction factors for typical climates are given in Tables 10 and 11.

Figure 43: Shading from overhangs and fins

Note: For the purposes of this calculation, the angles alpha and beta indicated by the dashed lines in Figure 43 are taken between the plane of the window and the overhang or fin shadow line at mid-window.

2 of 4

Consideration of Shading for PartL calculations

Table 10: Partial shading correction factor for overhang, Fo Overhang angle 0 30 45 60 45 N lat. S 1.00 0.90 0.74 0.50 E/W 1.00 0.89 0.76 0.58 N 1.00 0.91 0.80 0.66 S 1.00 0.93 0.80 0.60 55 N lat. E/W 1.00 0.91 0.79 0.61 N 1.00 0.91 0.80 0.65 S 1.00 0.95 0.85 0.66 65 N lat. E/W 1.00 0.92 0.81 0.65 N 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.66

Table 11: Partial shading correction factor for fins, Ff Overhang angle 0 30 45 60 45 N lat. S 1.00 0.94 0.84 0.72 E/W 1.00 0.92 0.84 0.75 N 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 S 1.00 0.94 0.86 0.74 55 N lat. E/W 1.00 0.91 0.83 0.75 N 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 S 1.00 0.94 0.85 0.73 65 N lat. E/W 1.00 0.90 0.82 0.73 N 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.98

Projection Ratio This is the developed area to projected area ratio for the window of rooflight. The developed area is the total area of glass plus the frame, and the projected area is the area of the opening in the wall/roof. Therefore, for domed or conical rooflights, for example, this ratio can be larger than 1, and for typical windows and flat rooflights, the ratio would be 1. This value cannot be less than 1. The default value for windows is 1, and for rooflights is 1.3. Frame factor This is the ratio of the window or rooflight area which is occupied by the frame to the total window or rooflight area. The default value is 0.1 for a window (i.e. 10% or the total area is occupied by the frame, 90% is occupied by the glazing) and 0.3 for a rooflight. You cannot enter a value less than 0 or larger than 1.

Internal Blinds
At this stage the SBEM calculation engine does not support internal blinds:

From the iSBEM V4.1a user guide, Pg 257: SBEM currently does not model the re-radiation effects of blinds where solar gain has entered the space before it is modulated by the shading device

3 of 4

Consideration of Shading for PartL calculations

A note about the SBEM calculation engine
The Bentley Hevacomp PartL program does not actually perform the PartL/SBEM calculation, but is an interface into the BRE provided SBEM calculation engine. The PartL program generates a correctly formatted input file from data entered in the PARTL program and passes this into the SBEM calculation engine. The SBEM engine is a black box in this respect, and Bentley Hevacomp do not have access to source code or calculation methods for the SBEM engine. Information on SBEM calculation methods can be found in the SBEM Technical Guide:
Download the 2006 SBEM Technical Manual Download the 2010 SBEM Technical Manual

4 of 4