PossibleelementsforaProtocolorotherlegallybindinginstrumentunderthe ConventionastheagreedoutcomefromtheAWGLCA(October2011)

Inordertofacilitateamorefocuseddiscussionoflegaloptionswiththeaimofcompletingan agreedoutcomebasedonDecision1/CP.13(BaliActionPlan),takingintoaccounttheworkdone atCOP16andthevariousproposalsmadebyPartiesunderArticle17oftheConvention,the followingisalistofpossibleelementsforinclusioninanewProtocolorotherlegallybinding instrumentundertheConvention.AsproposedinCopenhagen,AOSISenvisagesthatthenew instrumentwouldsitalongsideasecondcommitmentperiodundertheKyotoProtocol. TheelementslistedbelowaredrawnfromtheAOSISProposalforaCopenhagenProtocolto EnhancetheImplementationoftheUNFCCC,submittedinconjunctionwithproposed amendmentstosecureasecondcommitmentperiodundertheKyotoProtocol (FCCC/CP/2010/3),andtakeintoaccountfurtherworkonelementsagreedbytheCOPin Decision1/CP.16(CancunAgreements).Theseelementsarelistedmindfuloftheneedforan agreedoutcomeinlegallybindingformthataddressesallelementsoftheBaliActionPlanina balancedmanner,withfurtherdetailsleftforelaborationinCOPdecisions. Preambleandgeneralprinciples(seeAOSISProtocol,preamble;Decision1/CP.16, preamble) ReaffirmtheprinciplesoftheConventionandrecallingtheprovisionsoftheKP PursuanttotheBAP RecognizetheneedfordeepcutsinglobalGHGemissionsaccordingtoscienceandthe needforurgentaction Definitions(seeAOSISProtocol,Art1) ApplydefinitionsinUNFCCCandKPmutatismutandis COPmeanstheCOPtotheUNFCCC PartymeansPartytothisProtocol Sharedvision Longtermgoals[seeAOSISProtocol,Art2;Decision1/CP.16,para4] o Temperatureandppmstabilizationgoals o Substantialglobalemissionsreductions o Peakingyearforglobalemissions EnhancedactiononAdaptation AnchortheAdaptationCommittee:composition,modalitiesandlinkageswithother institutionalarrangements[seeDecision1/CP.16,para20,AOSISProtocolArt3.9&3.10]

EstablishlinktoanAdaptationwindowintheGreenClimateFund[seeAOSISProtocol, Art12.5,Decision1/CP/16para100) Establishaninternationalmechanismtoaddresslossanddamageassociatedwiththe adverseeffectsofclimatechange,includingimpactsrelatedtoextremeweatherevents andslowonsetevents.[seeDecision1/CP.16,paras25&26;AOSISProtocol,Art3.11] FormulationandimplementationofnationaladaptationplansforLDCsandother developingcountries[seeDecision1/CP.16,paras25&26,AOSISProtocol,Art3.11]

EnhancedactiononMitigation AllPartiestocontributetotheglobaleffort,onthebasisofequityandinaccordance withtheircommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities,to deliverdeepreductionsofemissionsandenhancedremovalsbysinkssufficientto ensureaglobalemissionspathwayconsistentwiththesharedvision [seeAOSISProtocol,Art4;Decision1/CP.16,para1] DevelopedcountryParties o Annex1aggregateemissionsreductions[seeAOSISProtocol,Art4.2]. o Annex1PartiesthatarealsoPartytotheKyotoProtocolshallensure,individuallyor jointly,thattheiraggregateGHGemissionsdonotexceedtheirassignedamounts calculatedpursuanttotheirquantifiedemissions[limitationand]reduction commitmentsinscribedforthesecondcommitmentperiodinAnnexBtotheKyoto Protocol,orforsubsequentcommitmentperiods,asduplicatedinAnnexZ[see AOSISProtocol,Art4.2(a);AOSISKPsubmission] o AnyAnnex1PartythatisnotPartytotheKyotoProtocolshallensure,individuallyor jointly,thatitsaggregateGHGemissionsdonotexceeditsinscribedamounts calculatedpursuanttoitseconomywidequantifiedemissionreduction commitmentsfortheassessmentperiod,orforsubsequentassessmentperiods,as inscribedinAnnexZtothisProtocol[seeAOSISProtocol,Art6(b)] o ProcedureforlistinginAnnexZanationalemissionslimitationtargetproposed voluntarilybyaNA1Partyfortheassessmentperiod[seeAOSISProtocol,Article 4.6(c)] o AnchorframeworkforMRV/IARfordevelopedcountries:enhancedreporting,etc, inaccordancewithguidelinesdeterminedbytheCOP[seeDecision1/CP.16,paras40 46] DevelopingcountryParties o NonAnnex1shallundertakeNAMAsinthecontextofsustainabledevelopment, supportedandenabledbytechnology,financingandcapacitybuilding,whichshall beaimedatachievingadeviationinemissionsrelativetobusinessasusual emissions[seeDecision1/CP.16,para48;AOSISArts4.4and5]

o FormalizetheestablishmentoftheRegistrytorecordallNAMAs,includingthose seekinginternationalsupport,andtofacilitatematchingoffinance,technologyand capacitybuildingsupportfortheseactions(seeDecision1/CP.16,para53,AOSIS ProtocolArt6) o NAMAsseekingsupportshallbesubmittedtoSecretariatwithinformationrelatedto estimatedcosts,emissionsreductionsandtheanticipatedtimeframefor implementation(seeDecision1/CP.16,para54,AOSISProtocol,Art6) o DefinerelationshipwiththeMitigationwindowoftheGreenClimateFund[see AOSISProtocol,Art5) o AnchorframeworkforMRV/ICAfordevelopingcountryParties:enhanced reporting,etc,inaccordancewithguidelinesdeterminedbytheCOP;MRVof support[seeDecision1/CP.16,paras6066] EmissionsfromInternationalAviationandMaritimeTransport [seeAOSISProtocol,Art7] ReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradationinDevelopingCountries; andtheRoleofConservation,SustainableManagementofForestsandEnhancementof ForestCarbonStocksinDevelopingCountries [seeAOSISProtocol,Art8;Decision1/CP/16,SectionC] Variousapproaches,includingopportunitiesforusingmarkets,toenhancethecost effectivenessof,andtopromote,mitigationactions,bearinginminddifferent circumstancesofdevelopedanddevelopingcountries [seeAOSISProtocol,Art9;Decision1/CP.16,SectionD] Finance Anchorlongtermfinancecommitment[seeDecision1/CP.16,para98,AOSISProtocol Art12.1] AnchortheGreenClimateFund,includingestablishmentofthematicfundingwindows [seeDecision1/CP.16,para102,AOSISProtocol,Art12.2,12.5and12.10] AnchorpurposeandfunctionsandgovernanceoftheGCF[seeDecision1/CP.16,paras 102to108;AOSISProtocolArt12,paras3,4,6,7,8,9] Technologydevelopmentandtransfer AnchortheTechnologyMechanism,consistingof: (a) TechnologyExecutiveCommitteetoundertakefunctionsinDecision1/CP.16,para 121,withmandateandcompositioncontainedinDecision1/CP.16,AppendixIV;and (b) ClimateTechnologyCentreandNetworktoundertakethefunctionsinDecision 1/CP.16,para123,withamandateandcomposition.[seeAOSISProtocol,Art11]

 Capacitybuilding [seeAOSISProtocol,Art11;Decision1/CP.16,Section4,SubsectionC] Compliance COPshallapproveappropriateandeffectiveproceduresandmechanismstodetermine andaddresscasesofnoncompliance,basedonproceduresandmechanismsestablished pursuanttoArticle18oftheKyotoProtocol,includingrelateddecisionsoftheCMP[see AOSISProtocol,Art13] ReviewandAdjustmentProcedures Review o Anchorperiodicreviewoftheadequacyofthelongtermgoals,inthelightofthe ultimateobjectiveoftheConvention,andoverallprogresstowardsachievingthem [seeDecision1/CP.16,paras138and139;AOSISProtocol,Art14.1,14.2]. o Firstreview2013to2015,everyfiveyearsthereafter[seeAOSISProtocol,Art14.1] o Provisionsforappropriateactionandadjustmentsonbasisofreview[seeAOSIS Protocol,Art14.3,14.4] o ProcedureforadjustmentofAnnexes[seeAOSISProtocol,Art14.5] Amendment[seeAOSISProtocol,Art15] SettlementofDisputes[seeAOSISProtocol,Art16] RelationshipbetweenthisProtocol,theConventionandtheKyotoProtocol[seeAOSIS Protocol,Art17] FinalProvisions Privileges&Immunities[seeAOSISProtocol,Art18] ReservationsandWithdrawals[seeAOSISProtocol,Art19] EntryintoForce[seeAOSISProtocol,Art20] ProvisionalApplication[seeAOSISProtocol,Art21] Depository[seeAOSISProtocol,Art22] AuthenticTexts[seeAOSISProtocol,Art23]