1)

The greatest gas solubility in water is predicted under what conditions? A) low T, low P B) high T, low P C) high T, high partial pressure D) low T, high P E) Solubility of gases cannot be predicted.

2)

Which solution should have the largest osmotic pressure? A) 0.1 M C6H12O6 at 25C B) 0.05 M KBr at 25C C) 0.05 M CaCl2 at 25C D) 0.01 M Cs3PO4 at 25C E) 0.1 M NaCl at 25C

3)

The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with iodide ions is believed to proceed via the following two-step mechanism. What is likely to be the rate equation for the net reaction? H2O2 + I H2O + OI H2O2 + OI H2O + O2 + I ______________________________ 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 A) Rate = k[H2O][OI] B) Rate = k[H2O2]2 C) Rate = k[H2O2][I] D) Rate = k[H2O2][OI] E) Rate = k[H2O]2 fast step slow step net reaction

4)

The reaction of ozone (O3) with oxygen atoms: O3(g) + O(g) 2O2(g) in the presence of Cl is believed to occur (in part) by the mechanism shown below. O3 + Cl ClO + O In this mechanism, Cl is A) an intermediate B) the activated complex C) the catalyst D) a product of the overall reaction E) a reactant in the overall reaction ClO + O2 Cl + O2

5)

For the reaction A B, the activation energy is Ea = 125 kJ/mol and the heat of reaction is H = 50 kJ/mol. What is the activation energy for the reaction B A, in kJ/mol? A) 175 B) 75 C) 175 D) 75 E) 125

6)

Consider the reaction profile shown below.

The point labeled B refers to the A) reactants B) activation energy C) activated complex D) products E) catalyst 7) Estimate (without doing detailed calculations) the length of time required for the following reaction to have used up all but 25% of the starting material. H2 + C2H4 C2H6 A) 2.5 minutes B) 7.5 minutes C) 5.0 minutes D) 10.0 minutes E) 1.25 minutes 8) According to the collision theory of kinetics, which statement best describes the rate of a chemical reaction? A) All collisions between molecules with at least a minimum kinetic energy will result in a reaction. B) All collisions will result in a chemical reaction. C) All collisions between molecules with at least a minimum kinetic energy and the proper orientation will result in a reaction. D) The rate of reaction is proportional to the difference in energy between the reactants and products. E) The rate of reaction is proportional to the difference in energy between the reactants and the transition state. 9) Which statement is not correct regarding the function of a catalyst? A) It lowers the activation energy. B) It affects the rate of a chemical reaction. C) It changes the mechanism of a reaction. D) It lowers the energy of the product causing the reaction to be more exothermic. E) If it is consumed in the reaction it is regenerated at the end. t = 2.5 minutes

10)

Consider the following rate laws. Which one corresponds to a reaction that is second order overall? A) Rate = k[A] B) Rate = k[A][B]2 C) Rate = k[A] D) Rate = k[A][B] E) Rate = k[A][B]

11)

What is the percent by mass of a solution made by dissolving 55.0 g KCl in 125 g water? A) 30.6 B) 44.0 C) 68.8 D) 56.0 E) 55.0

12)

What mass of phenol, C6H5OH, must be dissolved in 25.0 g of naphthalene to produce a solution that is 0.22 molal in phenol? A) 0.52 B) 2.7 C) 5.6 D) 2.2 E) 0.83

13)

In the reaction A products, the initial concentration of A is 1.75 M and 18.0 seconds later it is found to be 1.55 M. What is the average rate of this reaction in M s1? A) 0.0861 B) 90.0 C) 0.0972 D) 3.60 E) 0.0111

14)

Use Henry's law to determine the quantity of argon, in milligrams, that dissolves in 349 g H2O at 0.95 atm. (Use the Henrys Law constant k = 1.33 105 mol L1 atm1; assume the density of the solution is 1.00 g mL1.) A) 0.00879 B) 0.185 C) 0.000631 D) 0.00000152 E) 0.176

15)

What is the freezing point (in C) of an aqueous glucose solution that contains 25.0 g of glucose per 100.0 g H2O? (Kf = 1.86 C m1; glucose is C6H12O6) A) 0.258 B) 1.38 C) 0.258 D) 2.58 E) 0.138

16)

The decomposition of H2O2 is first order with the rate constant k = 3.66 103 s1. If the initial concentration of H2O2 is 1.05 M, calculate [H2O2] after 187 s. A) 0.863 M B) 0.978 M C) 0.203 M D) 0.530 M E) 0.234 M

17)

[A] In the reaction 2A B, /t = 0.50 mol L1 s1. What is the rate of formation of B?

A) 0.25 mol L1 s1 B) 0.17 mol L1 s1 C) 0.50 mol L1 s1 D) 0.25 mol L1 s1 E) 1.0 mol L1 s1 18) What is the molarity of Cl(aq) ions in a 2.00 molal aqueous solution of MgCl2? (Assume the density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.) A) 2.00 M B) 1.00 M C) 4.00 M D) 1.68 M E) 3.36 M

Answers
1. D This is directly from lecture notes. Review: solubility of gases (effect of T and P) 2. E Osmotic pressure is a colligative property and so will depend on the number of particles in solution. All of the electrolyte solutions are quite dilute, so ion pair effects will be minimal. For the five possible answers, the concentration of particles (ions or molecules) will be: A) 0.1 M, B) 0.1 M, C) 0.15 M, D) 0.04 M, and E) 0.2 M, so answer E has the highest concentration of particles in solution and hence we expect the highest osmotic pressure Review: colligative properties of electrolytes; vant Hoff factor 3. D Reaction rate will equal the rate of the slowest step (rate determining step), which in this case is the second elementary reaction. Remember that for elementary reactions we can write a rate law directly from the balanced equation of that elementary reaction, using the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants as exponents in the rate law. The rate law of the overall reaction will be the same as (or equivalent to) the rate law for that slowest step. Review: reaction mechanisms 4. C Cl atoms are consumed in the reaction, but are regenerated at the end part of the definition of a catalyst. In this case, the uncatalyzed reaction O3(g) + O(g) 2O2(g) is a one-step process; in the presence of Cl atoms, the mechanism has been changed to a new, more favorable one (two-step process) also typical of a catalyst. Review: reaction mechanisms; catalysis 5. B

Consider the reaction profile sketched above (not to scale!). If H is +50, the reaction must be endothermic as shown (energy of B at a level above energy of A) and if the AB activation energy is +125 it is easy to see that the reverse reaction activation energy must be the difference, or +75 remember that the forward and reverse reactions will pass through the same transition state. Review: reaction mechanisms; catalysis 6. C This should be straight from your notes: A is reactants, B is activated complex (which exists at the transition state) and D is products; the point C just indicates somewhere on the road from activated complex to products Review: reaction profile, transition state theory

7. C If all but 25% has been consumed, that means 75% consumed, or . This would require two half-lives, or 2 2.5 minutes = 5 minutes. Review: definition of half-life 8. C This is directly from lecture notes: a successful collision requires Ea and proper orientation Review: collision theory 9. D This should be right out of your lecture notes. Catalysts have no effect on H: its the same for both catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction. Review: properties of catalysts; catalyzed reactions 10. D The overall order of a reaction is the sum of all the exponents in the rate law Review: rate laws and order of reaction 11. A % by mass = {(mass of solute)/(mass of solution)} 100 in this case, the mass of solute = 55.0 g and the mass of solution = 55.0 + 125 = 180 g (NOTE: must add solute + solvent!), so % mass = (55/180) 100 = 30.6 % Review: definition of % compositions and calculations involving these 12. A A 0.22m solution means 0.22 moles of solute in 1.00 kg of solvent; here the solvent is 25.0 g of naphthalene, so to prepare the 0.22m solution, we require (0.22 moles/1000 g) (25.0g) = 0.0055 mol. The molar mass of phenol is 94.1 g mol1, so the required mass is 0.0055 mol 94.1 g mol1 = 0.52 g. Review: definition of molality and calculations involving molality 13. E Average rate = [A]/t (minus sign because its rate of disappearance of reactants) [A] = (final concentration) (initial concentration): so in this case, [A] = (1.55 1.75) = 0.20 M and then the rate becomes (0.20 M)/(18.0 s) = 0.0111 M s1. Review: definitions and calculations of reaction rate 14. E Use Henrys Law: solubility, C = kP = (1.33 105 mol L1 atm1) (0.95 atm) = 1.2635 105 mol L1 349 g of H2O will have a volume of 349 mL (density is 1.00 g mL1); this will also be the volume of solution (a reasonable assumption: we know theres not much gas dissolved because C is small). Now use the solubility to calculate the number of moles of Ar in 349 mL: # moles Ar = (1.2635 105 mol L1) (349 mL) (1 L / 1000 mL) = 4.410 106 mol. To convert this to milligrams, use the molar mass of Ar (39.95 g mol1). Mass of Ar = (4.410 106 mol) (39.95 g mol1) (1000 mg / 1 g) = 0.176 mg. Review: Henrys Law; calculations involving molarity 15. D (You should be able to reject answer A immediately: freezing point is depressed, so must be less than 0C). First calculate the molality of the solution: molar mass of glucose is 180.16 g/mol, so 25.0 g is (25.0 g) (1 mol/180.16 g) = 0.1388 mol. This is dissolved in 100.0 g of solvent = 0.100 kg of solvent. So the molality is (# moles solute)/(# kg solvent) = (0.1388 mol)/(0.100 kg H2O) = 1.388 m. Now use this in the equation for freezing point depression: Tf = Kfm = (1.86 C m1) (1.388 m) = 2.58 C. This is how much the H2O freezing point is lowered: since the freezing point of H2O is exactly 0.00C, 2.58 C will also be the freezing point of the solution. Review: freezing point depression; calculations involving molality

16. D Use the first order integrated rate law; ln[A] = kt + ln[A]0 = (3.66 103 s1) (187 s) + ln[1.05] = 0.6356; so [A] = e0.6356 = 0.530 M Review: first order reactions, calculations using integrated rate law 17. D For a reaction with this stoichiometry, the rate can be expressed in two ways:
Rate = 1 [A] [B] = 2 t t

[B] [A] /t gives /t = 0.25. so substituting in here for Review: definitions and calculations of reaction rate

18. E A 2.00m solution of MgCl2 means 2.00 moles of MgCl2 in 1 kg of H2O; so such a solution would have 2.00 mol (95.2 g/mol) = 190.4 g of MgCl2 in 1 kg of H2O. The total mass of this quantity of solution is therefore (solute mass) + (solvent mass) = 190.4 + 1000 g = 1190.4 g, and this will have a volume of 1190.4 mL (assuming density is 1.00 g/mL), which is 1.1904 L. Thus we have two moles of MgCl2 in 1.1904 L; the molarity of this solution is (# moles)/(# liters) = (2.00 mol)/(1.1904 L) = 1.68 M. However, 1 mol of MgCl2 gives 2 mol of Cl ions in solution, so the molarity of Cl (aq) in this solution is 2 1.68 M = 3.36 M. Review: calculations involving molarity and molality