Tutorial 2 1. Discuss the difference between impedance and reactance diagram. 2. List the advantages of one-line diagram. 3.

Draw an impedance and reactance diagram of the given three-phase system shown in figure 1-1 below.

Figure 1-1 4. Find the power components of a load that draws 20 30 0 A with 240 20 0 V applied. [ Ans: S = 3.09 + j3.68 kVA ] 5. A load connected across a 12470 V line, draws 20 A at a 0.75 lagging power factor. Find the load impedance and the power components. [ Ans: Load = 467.6223 + j412.4096 ; S = 187.049 kW + j164.964 kvar ] 6. What are the complex, real, reactive and apparent powers resulting from a 4 A current flowing into a load of 30 0 ? 40 [ Ans: S = 480 40 0 VA ; P = 368 W; Q = 309 var; |S| = 480 VA ] 7. A load draws a total real power of 500 kW at 0.8 power factor lagging. Determine the complex power and the reactive power for the given load. [ Ans: S = 625 .87 0 kVA ; Q = 375 kvar ] 36 8. Two loads connected in parallel are supplied from a single phase 240 Vrms source. The two loads draw a total real power of 400 kW at a power factor of 0.8 lagging. One of the loads draws 120 kW at a power factor of 0.96 leading. Find the complex power of the other load.

+ 240 Vrms -

Load 1

Load 2

Figure 1-2 [ Ans: S2 = 280 kW + j 335 kvar ] 9. An inductive load consis of R and X in parallel feeding from a 2400 V rms supply absorbs 288 kW at a lagging power factor of 0.8. Determine R and X. [ Ans: R = 20 ; X = 26.67 ] 10. An inductive load consisting of R and X in series feeding from a 2400 V rms supply absorbs 288 kW at a lagging power factor of 0.8. Determine R and X. [ Ans: R = 12.8 ; X = 9.6 11. Express a 100 impedance, a 60 A current, and a 220 V voltage as per unit quantities. The base impedance and base voltage are given as 10 and 400 V respectively. [ Ans: impedance = 10 pu; current = 1.5 pu; voltage = 0.55 pu ] 12. A three phase alternator having synchronous reactance XS = 0.2 is rated as 100 MVA, 11 kV. Calculate: (i) base impedance (ii) base current (iii) per unit value of synchronous reactance referring to the base of alternator rating [ Ans: (i) 1.21 ; (ii) 5248.64 A (iii) 0.1653 pu] 13. A 120 MVA, 19.5 kV generator has a synchronous reactance of 0.15 pu and it is connected to a transmission line through a transformer rated 150 MVA, 18/230 kV with leakage reactance X = 0.1 pu.The impedance of the transmission line is given a X = 120 . (i) Calculate the pu reactance by taking generator rating as base value (ii) Draw the reactance diagram with all reactance marked in per unit. [Ans: (i) The generator reactance value, XG_new = 0.15 pu; Transformer reactance value, XT new = 0.0682 pu; transmission line reactance value, XTL new = 0.2319 pu]

14. The three-phase power and line-line rating of electric power system in Figure 1-3 consist of the data specification as below. Draw the impedance diagram of the network and show all impedance in per-unit on 100 MVA, 33 kV as the base for generator. G1 : T1 : T2 : G2 : Line Load 70 MVA 50 MVA 50 MVA 90 MVA : : 33 kV 33/132 kV 132/33 kV 11kV 132 kV 132 kV
T1 G1 1 Line

X=9% X = 19% X = 15% X = 9% X = 115 S = 38 MW + j72 Mvar

2 T2 G2

Load

Figure 1-3 15. Draw an impedance diagram for the system shown in Figure 1-4, expressing all values as per-unit values. Use 50 kVA as the base kVA. [Ans : Zpu G1=j1.0 pu, Zpu G2=j0.75 pu, Zpu T1=j0.125 pu, Zpu TL=(0.039+j0.156) pu, Zpu T2=j0.088 pu].
10 kVA 2500 V G1 Z=j0.2 pu 20 kVA 2500 V G2 Z=j0.3 pu

T1

Transmission line Z=(50+j200) O

T2 M 25 kVA 4000 V

40 kVA 2500/8000 V Z=j0.1 pu

80 kVA 10,000/5000 V Z=j0.09 pu

Figure 1-4