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Sally Lee, LC Applications Marketing Manager (& self-proclaimed lighting enthusiast) OSRAM Sylvania, Inc.
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
According to the DOE, energy efficient LED lighting is a solution to our energy crisis: U.S. DOE has chosen energy efficient LED lighting to play the key role in reducing our electric light consumption by 50% by 2025
Over the next 20 years, rapid adoption of LED lighting in the U.S. can: Reduce electricity demands from lighting by 62% Eliminate 300 million metric tons of carbon emissions/year Avoid building 133 new power plants Anticipate financial savings that could exceed $200 billion/year
Slide: Lighting Science Group
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Product comparisons are laborious: It is a huge task to compare LED options 1:1
Source: http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/PDFs/SSLTesting-OpenPre-QualFinal.pdf
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Tj depends on drive condition and application environment Higher Tj = Shorter life (generally life for every 10C)
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Courtesy: Lumileds
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
200
$20/ klm
Commercial Product Projection CCT > 4500K Commercial Product ProjectionCCT 2700K-4500K
Efficacy (lm/W)
150
100
50
0 2004
2006
2008
2010
2012 Year
2014
2016
2018
2020
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Optics 70%-90%
LED Lamp 400 lm (40W A19) Cool White, CRI < 80 Warm White, CRI >80
LED Component 533lm 1000lm LED Component Cost $11 - $20 LED Component Cost $13 - $25
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Application Efficiency
more useful light for applications ideally suited to work with optics
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
DOE CALiPER: Commercially Available LED Product Evaluation and Reporting System Efficacy Improving Over Time
Guide DOE planning for SSL R&D and support commercialization activities, including ENERGY STAR program planning Support DOE technology procurement activities and associated technology demonstrations Provide objective product performance information to the public in the early years, helping buyers and specifiers have confidence that new SSL products will perform as claimed Guide the development, refinement, and adoption of credible, standardized test procedures and measurements for SSL products The department will allow its test results to be distributed in the public interest for noncommercial, educational purposes only. Detailed test reports will only be provided to users who provide their name, affiliation, and confirmation of agreement to abide by DOE's No Commercial Use Policy.
http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/comm_testing.htm Overall, fewer than 25% of the products tested have met manufacturers claims.
Source: http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/PDFs/SSLTesting-OpenPre-QualFinal.pdf
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
DOE CALiPER: Commercially Available LED Product Evaluation and Reporting System Efficacy Improving Over Time
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
NOTE: the requirements prescribe specific end-user purchase price targets for these products over a 3-year period
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Numerous other standards in various stages of development High priority for DOE
www.ssl.energy.gov/standards.html
17
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
General illumination: CCT: 2800 K to 5500 K CIE (x,y) values close to the blackbody locus Good color rendering properties
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
... several light points can be seen directly The human eye also detects color differences easier at low brightness ... A white surface is illuminated the whiter the more sensitive e.g. wall washing, cove lighting or a cluster of spots ... small beam angles are used ... there are small distances between object and light source whenever beams dont get mixed
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
In the early 1940s Dr. David MacAdam tested the threshold sensitivity of the eye to chromaticity differences in the matching of colored lights. MacAdam found that the threshold could be described with ellipses on the chromaticity diagram. For the average human eye, color changes within a 4-step MacAdam ellipse are undetectable.
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
White LED Color issues How much color variation can there be?
1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram
ANSI Specification Calls for 4-step MacAdam ellipse for certain types of lamps
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
0.384 0.382 0.380 0.378 0.376 0.374 0.372 0.370 0.368 0.370 0.372 0.374 0.376 0.378 0.380 0.382 0.384 0.386 0.388 0.390
2-step 4-step OSI T8 (.382,.384) - 4010K OSI T12 (.380,.378) - 4021K GE SP41/SPX41 (.376,.387) - 4191K PHILIPS SPEC/ULTRA (.376,.374) - 4103K OSI DULUX (.380,.377) - 4013K
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
White LEDs of similar type have noticeable color differences between them. Color binning is one option to minimize variation. What are the binning criteria?
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
6500 K
5700 K
4500 5000 K K
4000 K
3500 K
3000 K
2700 K
ANSI bins
0,30
0,31
0,32
0,33
0,34
0,35
0,36
0,37
0,38
0,39
0,40
0,41
0,42
0,43
0,44
0,45
0,46
0,47
0,48
0,49
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
0 .4 4 0 .4 2 0 .4 0 0 .3 8 0 .3 6 0 .3 4
5000 K
S u n W h ite ( 5 0 0 0 K )
S u n W h it e -2 (5 7 0 0 K )
30
4000 K
25 00
00
D a y lig h t ( 6 5 0 0 K )
7 -s t e p M a c A d a m e llip s e s (C F L )
Illu m in a n t A D65 P la n c k ia n lo c u s
0 .3 2
K 7 00 0
0 .3 0 0 .2 8 0 .2 6 0 .2 8
0 .3 0
0 .3 2
6 00 0 K
0 .3 4
0 .3 6
0 .3 8
0 .4 0
0 .4 2
0 .4 4
0 .4 6
0 .4 8
0 .5 0
0 .5 2
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
0.40
5000K
5700K 6500K P Q R
O L M N
0.35
8 7 6 5 4 D E I G F C H J K
3000K
4000K
0.30 0.28
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.48
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
9W 8X
9X
9S
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.4
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
0.0200
100 80 60 40 20 0 - 20 - 40 - 60 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
T o t a l S p e c t r a l F lu x (W n m -1 )
0.0150
0.0100
0.0050
0.0000 350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
Wavelength (nm)
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
CCT (K)
CRI
Red
Green
Blue
CRI
3200 4000
72 73
.58 .50
.25 .26
.17 .24
CCT (K)
CRI
Red
Green
Blue
3200 4000
21 27
.68 .62
.21 .21
.11 .17
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
P
P
Wavelength
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Conventional Sources: Time Unit of Failure The lifetimes of conventional light sources are rated through established test procedures. Compact fluorescent, for example, is published by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) as LM-65. Tests a statistically valid sample of lamps ambient temperature of 25 degrees Celsius operating cycle of 3 hours ON and 20 minutes OFF The point at which half the lamps in the sample have failed is the rated average life Business Question: For 10,000 hour CFL lamps, what is total elapsed time (cumulative, in months)
that this process takes?
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Based on this research, the Alliance for Solid State Illumination Systems and Technologies (ASSIST), a group led by the Lighting Research Center (LRC), recommends defining useful life as the point at which light output has declined to 1. 70% of initial lumens (abbreviated as L70) for general lighting 2. 50% (L50) for LEDs used for decorative purposes. 3. They also note that for some applications, a level higher than 70% may be required.
http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/usingLeds/general_illumination_life_defining.htm
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
What is an LED driver? An LED driver performs a function similar to a ballast for discharge lamps. It controls the current flowing through the LED. Most LED drivers are designed to provide current to a specific device or array. Since LED packages and arrays are not presently standardized, it is very important that a driver is selected that is matched to the specific device or array to be illuminated.
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Figure 8
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Source: ledsmagazine.com January/February 2008 LED luminaire performance: changing traditions can set the right expectations. (Narendran, Fryssinier, Taylor)
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Solid State Lighting Luminaires Eligibility Criteria Version 1.0 (Final 9/12/07)
Recessed downlights - Application Requirements Minimum Light Output 4.5 Aperture: 345 lumens (initial)> 4.5 Aperture: 575 lumens (initial) Zonal Lumen Density Requirement Luminaire shall deliver a minimum of 75% of total lumens (initial) within the 0-60 zone (bilaterally symmetrical).
lm/W
Allowable CCTs 2700 K, 3000 K and 3500 K for Residential products No restrictions for Commercial Reduced Air Leakage Recessed downlights intended for installation in insulated ceilings shall be IC rated
and be leak tested per ASTM E-283 to demonstrate no more than 2.0 cubic feet per minute (cfm) at 75 Pascals
(1.57 lbs/ft2) pressure difference. The luminaire must include a label certifying airtight or similar designation t show air leakage less than 2.0 CFM at 75 Pascals when tested in accordance with ASTM E283
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Solid State Lighting Luminaires Eligibility Criteria Version 1.0 (Final 9/12/07) continued
Category B is established as a future target for performance of SSL-based luminaires. Products cannot qualify under Category B until three years after the effective date of these criteria. If technology improvesfaster than expected, and opening category B prior to completion of a three-year waiting period would be in the public interest, DOE will advance the date for allowing products to qualify under Category B.
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
| LED Color in Architecture | Background | Life and Efficacy | Applications | Specification Information |
Lighting requirements
Prototype
PCB layout LED driver Thermal
Mech. design
management