Laboratory Report

Name: Alphie Rotinsulu

Partner: Apisit Kangwantas

Course: Chem R

Block: 3

Date Done: 10/5/2011 Date Due: 10/7/2011 Date Submitted: 10/7/2011

Title of Experiment: Evidence for Chemical Change

Purpose: Observe evidence that a chemical change has taken place

Materials/ Apparatus: - 1.0 M copper (II) nitrate - 1.0 M HCl - 2.0 M NaOH - 100 mL beaker - aluminum wire, 12 cm

- hot plate - glass stirring rod - lab marker - ruler - test tube, 13 mm x 100 mm - test-tube rack

Procedure

1. Place 50 mL of water into the 100 mL beaker and heat it until boiling. This
will be the water bath used in Step 5.

2. While the water bath is being heated, use the lab marker and ruler to make
three marks on the test tube that are 1 cm apart. Make the marks starting at the bottom of the test tube and moving toward the top.

3. Add 1.0 M copper (II) nitrate to the first mark on the test tube. 4. Add 2.0 M sodium hydroxide up to the second mark on the test tube. Mix
the solutions with the stirring rod. Rinse the stirring rod thoroughly before setting it down on the lab table. Touch the bottom of the outside of the test tube to see if heat has been released. The copper-containing product in the test tube is copper (II) hydroxide. The other product is sodium nitrate. Record the changes that occur in the test tube: Observations: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

5. Put the test tube into the water bath prepared in Step 1. Heat it until no
more changes occur. The products of this reaction are copper (II) oxide and water. Record the changes that occur in the test tube: Observations: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

6. Remove the test tube from the hot-water bath. Turn off the burner. Cool
the test tube and its contents for 2 minutes in room temperature water. Add 1.0 M hydrochloric acid up to the third mark. Mix with the stirring rod.

Then, rinse the stirring rod. The new products are copper (II) chloride and water. Record the changes that occur in the test tube: Observations: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

7. Place a 12-cm piece of aluminum wire in the test tube. Leave it until no
reaction is observed. Touch the bottom of the test tube to check for temperature change. Two reactions take place. Copper (II) chloride and aluminum produce copper and aluminum chloride. The aluminum also reacts with the hydrochloric acid to form hydrogen and aluminum chloride. Record the changes that occur in the test tube: Observations: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

8. Remove the wire from the test tube. Compare the copper formed to a
sample of copper wire. Record your observations: Observations: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

9. Clean all apparatus and the lab station. Return the equipment to its proper
place. Dispose of chemicals and solutions in the containers designated by the teacher. Do not pour any chemicals down the drain or in the trash unless the teacher directs you to do so. Wash your hands thoroughly before you leave the lab and after all work is completed.

Conclusion

The four types of observations that indicate when a chemical change has occurred are:

a precipitate forms, the color of the chemical changes, a gas is created,

OR

there is a change in temperature.