Icfes Chemistry Answers Solved

LIC. CARLOS ALBERTO LOPEZ ORTIZ. BQ.
3137689515
AC - 002 - 115 I
MULTIPLE SELECTION QUESTIONS WITH SINGLE ANSWER - (TYPE I)
1. ACCORDING TO THE CHEMICAL FORMULA OF ALUMINUM SULFATE Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3, IT IS VALID TO AFFIRM THAT THIS
A. It has two Al molecules
B. It is made up of three kinds of molecules
C. has four O atoms
D. It is made up of three kinds of atoms
Component: Analytical aspect of substances
Competition: Set conditions
Answer .
Option A could not be, since Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is a molecule, so it is impossible for there to be 2...
Option B is also incorrect because, like option A, there is a single Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 molecule, it is composed of three different elements
and not 3 different molecules.
Option C says it has 4 O atoms, incorrectly it has 12 (because 3 times 4 equals 12). Aluminum Sulfate is composed of 3 kinds of
atoms (Al, S and O), option D is the correct one
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 2 AND 3 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING EQUATION
Zn + 2HCI —►ZnCI 2 + H 2
Molar mass g/mol

Zn 65
HCl 36
ZnCl 2 135
H2 2
2. IT IS VALID TO AFFIRM THAT THE PREVIOUS EQUATION COMPLIES WITH THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER, BECAUSE
A. The number of atoms of each type in the products is greater than the number of atoms of each type in the
reactants
B. The mass of the products is greater than the mass of the reactants
C. The number of atoms of each type in the reactants is equal to the number of atoms of the same type in the
products
D. the number of reacting substances is equal to the number of substances obtained

Answer: In every chemical reaction, mass is conserved; that is, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the
resulting products. It is one of the fundamental laws in all natural sciences .
If it complies with the law of conservation of matter because the number of atoms in the products is equal
to the number of atoms in the reactants, let's see:
Zn + 2HCl ^ ZnCl 2 + H 2
Reagents = 1 Zn, 2H, 2 Cl
Products = 1 Zn, 2 Cl, 2 H
Correct option C
3. ACCORDING TO THE PREVIOUS EQUATION, IT IS CORRECT TO STATE THAT

A. 2 moles of HCl produce 2 moles of ZnCl2 and 2 moles of H
B. 1 mole of Zn produces 2 moles of ZnCl2 and 1 mole of H
C. 72 g of HCl produces 135 g of ZnCl2 and 1 mol of H 2
D. 135 g of ZnCl2 react with 1 molecule of H 2
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 2 AND 3 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING

EQUATION 1
Zn + 2HCI —►ZnCI 2 + H 2.....................................................................................................1
ANSWER QUESTIONS 4 AND 5 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION....................................................................................................................3
Answer:......................................................................................................................................7
Types of Links:...................................................................................................................7
Ionic compounds.................................................................................................................7
Covalent compounds...........................................................................................................7
Electronegativity and polarity of bonds:.....................................................................7
INFORMATION..................................................................................................................10
Ions are produced when atoms lose or gain electrons, which means they are no longer neutral
and gain a charge. Since electrons have a negative charge, when an atom gains electrons it
becomes negatively charged and when it loses electrons it becomes positively charged.......12
Cu – 2 e > Cu +2 Which means that the copper ion has 2 fewer electrons than the Copper
atom. Correct option D............................................................................................................12
TO. :w:m:w:.............................................................................................................................12
***, **.....................................................................................................................................12
c, :W:§Yx•W:.......................................................................................................................12
• #üü............................................................................................................................................12
D. : wt:And tw:.........................................................................................................................12
+4 i +•..........................................................................................................................................12
X = 11 protons + 12 neutrons = 23..........................................................................................13
Y = 6 protons + 8 neutrons = 14 Correct option D..................................................................13
INFORMATION..................................................................................................................15
%w/p =(grams of solute/grams of solution)x100 = (g solute/g of solute +g of solvent)x 100
..............................................................................................................................................16
ANSWER QUESTIONS 22 TO 24 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION..................................................................................................................16
INFORMATION..................................................................................................................19
CHa.................................................................................................................................................23
Answer: Option C, we make use of the attached Molar mass table. Options A, B and D do not agree with the analysis
of stoichiometry and BALANCING THE EQUATION.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 4 AND 5 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
One method to obtain hydrogen is the reaction of some metals with water. Sodium and potassium, for example,
displace hydrogen from water forming hydroxides (NaOH or KOH). The following diagram illustrates the process
Your security bo
4. According to the above, the chemical equation that best describes the process of obtaining hydrogen is
TO. 2H 2 O + 2K ^ H2
b. H 2 +2KOH > 2H 2 O + 2K
c. 2H 2 O + 2Na > 2NaOH + H2
d. H2O +Na ^ NaOH + H
Component: Physicochemical appearance of substances

Competence: Interpret situations
Answer: ALL alkali metals AND SOME alkaline earth METALS ( CA , SR , and BA ) , WHICH ARE THE MOST REACTIVE OF THE METALLIC
ELEMENTS, WILL DISPLACE HYDROGEN FROM COLD WATER:
2Na( s ) + 2H 2 O( l ) → 2NaOH( aq ) + H 2 ( g ) which would correspond to option C.
Less reactive metals, such as aluminum and iron , react with water vapor to give hydrogen gas:
2Al( s ) + 3H 2 O( g ) → Al 2 O 3 ( s ) + 3H 2 ( g )
Many metals, including those that do not react with water , can displace hydrogen from acids . For example, Zinc (Zn)
and magnesium (Mg) do not react with water but do react with hydrochloric acid :
Zn( s ) + 2HCl( ac ) → ZnCl 2 ( ac ) + H 2 ( g )
Cu( s ) + 2HCl( ac ) → CuCl 2 ( ac ) + H 2 ( g )
Option A would not be because the KOH product would be missing, and in option D, it appears to be H
and it must be H 2. The correct option is C.
5. According to the information above, the number of moles of potassium needed to produce eight moles of
hydrogen is

EQUATION 1
Zn + 2HCI —►ZnCI 2 + H 2 1
INFORMATION 3
Answer: 7
Types of Links: 7
Ionic compounds 7
Covalent compounds 7
Electronegativity and polarity of bonds: 7
INFORMATION 10
becomes negatively charged and when it loses electrons it becomes positively charged. 12
atom. Correct option D. 12
TO. :w:m:w: 12
***, ** 12
c, :W:§Yx•W: 12
• #üü 12
D. : wt:And tw: 12
+4 i +• 12
X = 11 protons + 12 neutrons = 23 13
Y = 6 protons + 8 neutrons = 14 Correct option D. 13
INFORMATION 15
16
INFORMATION 16
INFORMATION 19
CHa 23
A.

Answer: We write the reaction:
K+H2O > KOH + H 2

1. the chemical equation is balanced
2K + 2H 2 O ^ 2KOH + H 2
2. Now: 8 mol H 2 x( 2 mol K/1 mol H 2 ) = 16molH 2 which is

obtained from the stoichiometry of the chemical reaction.
6. The graph shows the dependence of the solubility of two ionic compounds in water, as a function of
temperature.
A mixture of salts was prepared, using 90 g of KNO3 and 10 g of NaCl. This mixture was dissolved in 100
g of H2O and heated to 60°C, then allowed to cool gradually to 0°C. It is likely that at the end of the
process
A. a precipitate of NaCl and KNO 3 is obtained

B. a precipitate of NaCl is obtained
C. the components of the mixture remain dissolved
D. a precipitate of KNO 3 is obtained
Component: Analytical aspect of mixtures

Competence: Pose and argue hypotheses and regularities
Answer: The first thing we will do is express the added quantities as concentration:
90 g KNO 3
10 g NaCl
100g H2O
is equivalent to 90 g KNO 3 /100 g H20 and 10 g NaCl/100 g H 2 O
Answer: According to the graph at 0 o C, the solubility of NaCl is 34.2 g/100 g H 2 O and that of KNO 3 is
12.1 g/100 g H 2 O. Therefore sodium has not exceeded its solubility and does not precipitate, while KNO 3
has exceeded it and therefore precipitates. The correct option is D.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 7 AND 8 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING TABLE
b.
J.L.
d.c.YX
Component: Physicochemical aspects of substances

Answer:
Types of Links:
There are two main types of links:
1. Ionic bond also called electrovalent: it is established in atoms with marked differences in their
electronegativities and is due to the electrostatic interaction between ions that can be formed by the transfer of
one or more electrons from one atom or atomic group to another.
2. The covalent bond: it is established when there are no marked differences in electronegativity in the atoms. In
this case, one or more electrons are shared between two atoms.
Although ionic bonding and covalent bonding are referred to as two extremes, most bonds have at least some ionic and
covalent character. Compounds that have predominantly ionic bonds are known as ionic compounds and those that have
predominantly covalent bonds are known as covalent compounds, and their properties are governed by the behavior of these
bonds.
The following table summarizes some of the properties associated with ionic and covalent compounds:
Comparison between ionic compounds and covalent compounds:
Ionic compounds Covalent compounds
1. They are solids with high melting points (> 400

1. They are gases, liquids or solids, with low melting
ºC).
points, generally < 300 ºC.
2. Many are soluble in polar solvents such as water.
2. Many of them are insoluble in polar solvents.
3. Most are insoluble in non-polar solvents.
3. Most are soluble in non-polar solvents.
4. Molten compounds conduct electricity well
4. Liquid or molten compounds do not conduct
because they contain mobile charged particles
electricity.
(ions).
5. Aqueous solutions are usually poor conductors of
5. Aqueous solutions conduct electricity well
electricity because they do not contain charged
because they contain mobile charged particles
particles.
(ions).
Electronegativity and polarity of bonds:

As already mentioned, most bonds have a certain ionic and covalent character. Depending on the electronegativity of the
atoms that make up the union, a range of bonds will occur, ranging from non-polar or pure covalent to very polar or ionic.
The Pauling electronegativity table is an important aid to analyze the type of bond present in a compound. In this table it
is indicated from the highest electronegativity value represented by fluorine (F) which is 4 and the lowest which is 0.7
represented by Francium (Fr). Thus, the greatest difference in electronegativity that can occur is 4 – 0.7 = 3.3 and the
minimum is 0 when two atoms of equal electronegativity join together.
LX=1.6-4.0=2.4
JL = 1.5-1.6 = 0.1
YJ = 0.9- 1.5 = 0.6
YX = 0.9- 4.0 = 3.1
The greatest difference in electronegativity is found in the YX couple, therefore it is the

compound with the greatest ionic character. Correct option D.
8 . ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION IN THE TABLE, IT IS VALID TO AFFIRM THAT THE COMPOUND WITH THE HIGHEST
COVALENT CHARACTER IS
1. L.Y.
8. J.L.
c. YX
d. Y.J.

Answer: The smaller the difference in electronegativity of the atoms, the greater their covalent
character, because the atoms would have a very similar strength and that is why they share the
electrons. For this reason, what must be done is to compare the differences in electronegativities
of each pair of atoms like this:
LY = 1.6- 0.9 = 0.5
JL = 1.5 – 1.6 = 0.1
YX= 0.9- 4.0 = 3.1
YJ = 1.5- 0.9 = 0.6
The smallest difference in electronegativity is found in the JL couple and is therefore the
compound with the highest covalent character. Correct option B.
9.
Faith 0 + H +1 Cl -1 ^ Fe +2 Cl 2 -1 +H20
According to the equation presented, if the iron Fe is exchanged for two moles of sodium Na, it will probably form
A. 2NaCl + H 2
B. NaCl + H 2
C. 2NaH + Cl 2
D. NaCl2 + H 2

Answer: Faith 0 + 2H +1 Cl -1 > Fe +2 Cl 2 -1 +H20
By replacing Fe with Na the chemical equation would look like this:
2 Na 0 + 2H +1 Cl -1 > 2 Na +1 Cl -1 +H20
We must keep in mind that when several atoms combine to form a compound, the algebraic sum
of the oxidation states must be zero. In the initial case, since Fe has a +2 state and Cl has a –1
state, 2 Cl are needed to compensate for the Fe. On the other hand, when working with Na, it
has a +1 state and therefore combines in a 1 to 1 relationship with sodium to form NaCl. With
this, options C and D would be discarded, as they did not have the correct NaCl. Between
options A and B, the only difference is given by the balancing of the chemical equation, because
hydrogen occurs in nature as H 2 , 2 HCl are needed, which provide 2 Cl and therefore 2 Na are
needed. to form NaCl. The correct option is A.
Copper purification is usually done through electrolysis. The technique consists of immersing an impure copper plate,
which acts as an anode, and a pure copper plate that acts as a cathode, in a CuSO 4 solution, and then connecting
them to a power source, to generate a flow of electrons through the solution and the plates as seen below
Cu
10 . The 2+
ion with
counts
A. 2 more protons than the copper atom
B. 2 protons less than the copper atom
C. 2 more electrons than the copper atom
D. 2 electrons less than the copper atom
Component: Physicochemical aspects of substances Competence: Establish conditions

Answer:
Reactions )
The following reduction reactions can occur at the cathode:

2H + (ac) + 2e - --------• H2 (g) ; E˚ = 0.0000 v reaction that occurs
2H 2 O
(l)
__
+ 2e - --------• H 2(g) + 2OH - (aq) ; E˚ = -0.8277 v
__
The following oxidation reactions can occur at the anode:
2SO 4 2- S 2 O 8(ac) + 2e - ; E˚ = - 2.01 v

(ac)
2H 2 O O 2(g) + 4H + (ac) + 4e - ; E˚ = -1.2288 v reaction that occurs

(l)
becomes negatively charged and when it loses electrons it becomes positively charged.
Cu – 2 e > Cu +2 Which means that the copper ion has 2 fewer electrons than the Copper atom.
Correct option D.
11. ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION, AFTER CARRYING OUT ELECTROLYSIS, PURE COPPER WILL BE FOUND ATTACHED
A. to the anode
B. to the cathode and the anode
C. to the cathode
D. to the surface of the container
Component: Physicochemical aspects of mixtures

Answer: In the electrolysis of copper sulfate, its concentration remains constant, since the copper that is
oxidized at the anode is reduced at the cathode . The correct option is C.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 12 AND 13 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING TABLE
-atom or ion of the AN

x W
element characteristics D
number of e 11 6 8
pt number 11 6 8
number of n 12 8 9
e of valence 1 4 6
12. ACCORDING TO THE TABLE ABOVE, THE LEWIS STRUCTURE REPRESENTING A MOLECULE OF YW 2 IS
TO. :w:m:w:
B, :W:Í"Í:W:
***, **
c, :W:§Yx•W:
• #üü
D. : wt:And tw:
+4 i +•
Answer: Octet rule and Lewis structure . At the beginning of the 20th century, in 1916, so
Independently, scientists Walter Kossel and Gilbert Lewis concluded that the tendency of atoms to
achieve structures similar to those of the nearest noble gas explains the formation of chemical bonds. This
conclusion is known worldwide as the Octet Rule and is stated as follows: “When a chemical bond is
formed, atoms receive, give up or share electrons in such a way that the outermost shell of each atom
contains eight electrons , and so on. “acquires the electronic structure of the nearest noble gas in the
periodic system.” Option B, C and D do not comply with the octet rule. Correct option A.
13. ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION IN THE TABLE, IT IS VALID TO STATE THAT THE MASS NUMBERS OF X AND Y ARE
RESPECTIVELY
A. 13 and 12
B. 11 and 6
C. 22 and 12
D. 23 and 14
Answer: Atomic mass number (A): It is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons
found in the nucleus of the atom.
X = 11 protons + 12 neutrons = 23
Y = 6 protons + 8 neutrons = 14 Correct option D.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 14 TO 16 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING GRAPH

14. BY DROPPING THE SPHERE INTO THE TEST TUBE, IT IS MOST LIKELY THAT
Substances Density
Sphere 1.5g/ cm3
Q 0.86g/ml
Q 1g/ml
R 13.6g/ml
A. float on the surface of Q because it is spherical

B. remains at the bottom, because it is a solid
C. float on P because it has less volume
D. is suspended over R due to its density

Answer : The density of a body is related to its ability to float. A body will float if its density is less than
that of the substance, which is why wood floats on water and lead sinks in it. Lead has a greater density
than water and the density of wood is lower . Correct option D.
15. IF THE CONTENTS OF THE TEST TUBE ARE PASSED TO ANOTHER, IT IS MOST LIKELY THAT
A. Q, P and R form a solution

B. Q remains at the bottom, then P and R on the surface
C. P and Q are solubilized and R remains at the bottom
D. P, Q and R remain the same

Answer : Option D. A, B and C are discarded, since the concept of question 14 does not apply.
16. TO SEPARATELY OBTAIN Q, P AND R THE MOST APPROPRIATE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
— Popel
filter funnel
Erlenmeyer
Lighter
i £ mondo
decantation Solvent
Solute
Centrifuge
Component: Analytical aspects of mixtures Competence: Establish conditions
Answer: Decantation:
It is used to separate liquid substances that do not mix with each other, such as water and oil, or liquid
and solid substances, when the solid does not dissolve or float, such as sand found in water. In the case
of immiscible liquids, the mixture is allowed to rest and, due to the action of gravity, one of the liquids will
be placed on the other (the less dense one will be placed on the one with
greater
density). Arranging them in a container with a tap at the bottom, when you open the tap the denser liquid
will come out. When everything has come out, we close the tap and leave the less dense liquid in the
container.
The correct option is C.
17. TO A MIXTURE OF LIQUIDS X AND W, IMMISCIBLE WITH EACH OTHER, A SALT IS ADDED THAT IS SOLUBLE IN BOTH LIQUIDS.
SUBSEQUENTLY, THE MIXTURE IS SEPARATED BY DECANTING INTO TWO CONTAINERS. LIQUID X EVAPORATES COMPLETELY,
LEAVING THE SALT AS A SOLID IN THE CONTAINER. ACCORDING TO THIS INFORMATION, IF THE INITIAL MIXTURE (X, W AND
SALT) IS COMPLETELY EVAPORATED, IT IS LIKELY THAT
A. a smaller amount of salt remains in the container

B. liquid W and dissolved salt remain in the container
C. the container is empty
D. a larger amount of salt remains in the container

Answer:
18. USING 1 MOLE OF THE SUBSTANCE J AND WATER, ONE LITER OF SOLUTION IS PREPARED. IF 200 ML OF WATER ARE
ADDED TO THIS SOLUTION, IT IS VERY LIKELY THAT
A. the molar concentration of the solution remains constant

B. the molar concentration of the solution increases
C. the mole fraction of J in the solution decreases
D. remains constant the mole fraction of J in the solution

19. HALF A LITER OF A 1 M HCL STANDARD SOLUTION WAS PREPARED; FROM THIS SOLUTION, 50 ML WERE EXTRACTED AND
PLACED IN A 100 ML VOLUMETRIC FLASK, THEN COMPLETED TO VOLUME BY ADDING WATER.
Taking this information into account, it is valid to affirm that the value of the concentration in the new
solution will be the same
A. at twice the concentration in the standard solution

B. to a quarter of the concentration in the standard solution
C. at half the concentration in the standard solution
D. to the concentration in the standard solution

Answer: We start from 50ml=0.05L

0.05L HCl solution x 1molHCl/1L Cl solution. = 0.05mol HCl
Continuing with the question: you already know that the 50 ml of solution that
was extracted from the standard solution contain 0.05mol, you must have
Of course, these 0.05mol are going to be what the flask contains.
100 ml. With this clear, you perform the following calculation:
M = moles of solute (in this case HCl)/ Liters of solution
M= 0.05mol of HCl / 0.100 L of solution = 0.5 M
The correct option is C.
A different amount of solute X is added to four glasses containing different volumes of water according to the following
table.
Mass of X added
Glass Water volume (ml)
(g)
1 20 5
2 60 15
3 80 20
4 40 10
Homogeneous mixtures are formed in each glass
20. ACCORDING TO THE PREVIOUS SITUATION, IT IS VALID TO AFFIRM THAT THE CONCENTRATION IS
A. largest in glass 3
B. same in all four glasses

C. minor in glass 1
D. largest in glass 2
Component: Analytical aspects of mixtures

Competence: Set conditions
Answer: WEIGHT TO WEIGHT PERCENTAGE
For glass 1 we have: %w/w = (5 g / 20 g solvent + 5 g solute)x 100 = 20%

For glass 2 we have: %w/w = (15g/ 60 g solvent + 15 g solute)x100 = 20%
And in the same way for glasses 3 and 4 you get 20% . The correct option is B.
21. IF HALF OF THE SOLVENT EVAPORATES IN EACH OF THE GLASSES, IT IS VERY LIKELY THAT AT THE END OF THE
EVAPORATION
A. The four glasses contain the same mass of substance

B. the concentration of the four solutions is equal
C. decrease the concentration of the solution in glass two
D. increase the mass of substance

Answer:
For glass 1 we have: %w/w = (5 g / 10 g solvent + 5 g solute)x 100 = 33.33%

For glass 2 we have: %w/w = (15g/ 30g solvent + 15 g solute)x100 = 33.33%
And in the same way for glasses 3 and 4 we obtain 33.33% . The correct option is B.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 22 TO 24 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
Solubility indicates the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a solvent at a given temperature. The graph
illustrates the solubility of solute X in solvent Y as a function of temperature
22. THE SOLUBILITY OF X IN AND AT 20ºC IS
A. 15 g of X in 100 g of Y
B. 10 g of X in 100 g of Y
C. 5 g of X in 100 g of Y
D. 25 g of X in 100 g of Y

Answer: The SOLUBILITY of a compound is the maximum amount of it that can be diluted in a certain
volume of solvent; corresponds to the amount of solute present in a saturated solution (that which is
in equilibrium with an excess of solute). The solubility of a compound depends on temperature: it is a
characteristic of each solute for each temperature value. Setting the temperature to 20ºC, we find that
the solubility of X in Y at 20ºC is 15 g of X in 100 g of Y. The correct option is A.
23. IT IS VALID TO SAY THAT BY MIXING 15 G OF X WITH 100 G OF Y, A
A. solution at 10ºC
B. heterogeneous mixture at 20ºC
C. solution at 40ºC
D. heterogeneous mixture at 30ºC

Answer:
Since at 10ºC it is a heterogeneous mixture because some solute would precipitate (approximately 2 to 3 g) at 20ºC it
would be a fair solution, if we add one more gram of of solute. At 40ºC it would be a solution. The correct option is C.
24. AT 40ºC A SOLUTION CONTAINS AN UNKNOWN OF X IN 100 G OF Y; THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SOLUTION IS GRADUALLY
DECREASED TO 0ºC, WITH WHICH 10 G OF PRECIPITATE ARE OBTAINED. FROM THIS IT IS VALID TO AFFIRM THAT THE
SOLUTION INITIALLY CONTAINED

EQUATION 1
Zn + 2HCI —►ZnCI 2 + H 2 1
INFORMATION 3
Answer: 7
Types of Links: 7
Ionic compounds 7
INFORMATION 10
TO. :w:m:w: 12
***, ** 12
c, :W:§Yx•W: 12
• #üü 12
D. : wt:And tw: 12
+4 i +• 12
INFORMATION 15
16
INFORMATION 16
INFORMATION 19
CHa 23
A.
Component: Physicochemical aspects of mixtures.

Competence: Pose and argue hypotheses and regularities.
Answer: At 40ºC there are 25 g of X, at 20ºC there are 15 d of X, in that interval there are 10 g of There were 20 g of
X. The correct option is B.
Two containers of equal capacity respectively contain oxygen (Container M) and nitrogen (Container N), and remain
separated by a stopcock as indicated in the figure.
Container M Container N
25 . IF THE TAP IS COMPLETELY OPENED, THE GRAPH THAT REPRESENTS THE VARIATION OF PRESSURE (P) WITH TIME ( 2 ) IN
THE CONTAINER M IS

Answer:
The pressure would increase, the sum of the partial pressures. And it would remain constant over time 2.
The correct option is D.
26. THE MOLE FRACTION OF OXYGEN AFTER OPENING THE TAP SHOULD BE
Molar fraction = moles of oxygen
deoxygen moles of oxygen + moles of nitrogen
A. less than zero

B. greater than zero and less than 1
C. greater than 2
D. greater than 1 and less than 2

Answer: We have that: The mole fraction of the solute + The mole fraction of the solvent must always be
equal to 1.
So the mole fraction of Oxygen = 1 – mole fraction of nitrogen.

According to the above, we discard options A, C and D.
The correct option is B.
27 . THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM SHOWS A COMPRESSION PROCESS IN A CYLINDER CONTAINING GAS X
According to the previous information, if the pressure exerted on liquid
TO. solidify B. evaporate C. sublime D. blend

Answer: By decreasing the pressure P 3 in liquid X, some molecules have sufficient kinetic energy to
overcome the attractive forces and pass into the gaseous state. This process is called evaporation and its
speed increases if the temperature increases and if the minimum kinetic energy for that liquid X
decreases. The correct option is B.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 28 TO 30 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING GRAPH
28. ACCORDING TO THE GRAPH, WHEN ADDING BAKING SODA TO BEER IT IS MOST LIKELY THAT
28 . ACCORDING TO THE GRAPH, WHEN ADDING BAKING SODA TO BEER IT IS MOST LIKELY THAT
A. Alkalinity decreases and pH increases

B. increase acidity and pH
C. pH increases and acidity decreases
D. decrease alkalinity and pH

Answer: Bases increase the pH value because they capture [H+] ions. The correct option is C.
29. To lower the pH of the milk, you must add

A. sodium bicarbonate
B. blood plasma
C. lemon juice
D. ammonia

Answer : Acids decrease the pH value because they provide [H+] ions. The correct option is C.
30. FROM THE GRAPH IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT

A. alkaline substances have neutral pH
B. detergents can be neutralized with ammonia
C. lemon is more acidic than HCl
D. In general, foods have an acidic pH.

Answer: The correct option is D.
31. THE PH OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION DECREASES AS THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDRONIUM IONS INCREASES. THE TABLE
SHOWS THE CONCENTRATIONS OF HYDRONIUM IONS IN THE SOLUTIONS M, N, O AND P.
acid solution Hydronium ion concentration (M)
M 2 x 10-
N 4x102
either 1 x 10-5
p 3 x 10-2
It is valid to affirm that the pH of the solution
TO. M iselderlythathe ofthe solutionEITHER
b. EITHER isminorthatheof thesolution Q
c. N iselderlythathe ofthe solutionM
d. Q is minor thathe ofthe solutionN

Answer: Solution M = [ H+] = 0.00020

Solution = [H+] = 0.00400
Solution O = [ H+ ] = 0.00001
Solution P = [ H+ ] = 0.03000
As the pH of an aqueous solution decreases as the concentrations of hydronium ions increase, and
making the respective comparisons we see that the correct Option is D.
32. THE GENERAL FORMULA OF THE ALKANE SERIES IS C N + H 2 n+ 2 WHERE N IS THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS
PRESENT IN THE MOLECULE. IF A MOLECULE HAS 12 HYDROGEN ATOMS, THE MOLECULAR FORMULA OF THE ALKANE WOULD
PROBABLY BE
A. CH
B. C 5 H 12
C. C 6 H 12
D. C 12 H 12
Component: Analytical aspects of substances

Answer: H = 2n + 2 = 12 So 2n = 12-2
2n = 10
n = 10/2 = 5
The correct option is B.

33.
CHa
EQUATION 1
Zn + 2HCI —►ZnCI 2 + H 2 1
INFORMATION 3
Answer: 7
Types of Links: 7
Ionic compounds 7
INFORMATION 10
TO. :w:m:w: 12
***, ** 12
c, :W:§Yx•W: 12
• #üü 12
D. : wt:And tw: 12
+4 i +• 12
INFORMATION 15
%w/p =(grams of solute/grams of solution)x100 = (g solute/g of solute +g of solvent)x
100 16
INFORMATION 16
INFORMATION 19
CHa 23
A.
Component: Analytical aspects of substances

Answer: Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons

aliphatic that have all their carbon atoms joined by simple bonds. This type of hydrocarbons follows the generalized
formula, CnH2n+2, where “n” refers to the number of carbons that make up the molecule.

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LIC. CARLOS ALBERTO LOPEZ ORTIZ. BQ.

MULTIPLE SELECTION QUESTIONS WITH SINGLE ANSWER - (TYPE I)

Component: Analytical aspect of substances

Competition: Set conditions

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 2 AND 3 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING EQUATION

Molar mass g/mol

Component: Analytical aspect of substances

Competition: Set conditions

Reagents = 1 Zn, 2H, 2 Cl

Products = 1 Zn, 2 Cl, 2 H

3. ACCORDING TO THE PREVIOUS EQUATION, IT IS CORRECT TO STATE THAT

Component: Analytical aspect of substances

Competition: Set conditions

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 2 AND 3 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING

ANSWER QUESTIONS 4 AND 5 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION

c. 2H 2 O + 2Na > 2NaOH + H2

d. H2O +Na ^ NaOH + H

Component: Physicochemical appearance of substances

2Na( s ) + 2H 2 O( l ) → 2NaOH( aq ) + H 2 ( g ) which would correspond to option C.

Zn( s ) + 2HCl( ac ) → ZnCl 2 ( ac ) + H 2 ( g )

Cu( s ) + 2HCl( ac ) → CuCl 2 ( ac ) + H 2 ( g )

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 2 AND 3 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING

Component: Analytical aspect of substances

Answer: We write the reaction:

K+H2O > KOH + H 2

2. Now: 8 mol H 2 x( 2 mol K/1 mol H 2 ) = 16molH 2 which is

A. a precipitate of NaCl and KNO 3 is obtained

Component: Analytical aspect of mixtures

is equivalent to 90 g KNO 3 /100 g H20 and 10 g NaCl/100 g H 2 O

Component: Physicochemical aspects of substances

There are two main types of links:

Ionic compounds Covalent compounds

1. They are solids with high melting points (> 400

Electronegativity and polarity of bonds:

YJ = 0.9- 1.5 = 0.6

YX = 0.9- 4.0 = 3.1

The greatest difference in electronegativity is found in the YX couple, therefore it is the

Component: Physicochemical aspects of substances

LY = 1.6- 0.9 = 0.5

JL = 1.5 – 1.6 = 0.1

YX= 0.9- 4.0 = 3.1

YJ = 1.5- 0.9 = 0.6

Component: Physicochemical aspects of substances

Answer: Faith 0 + 2H +1 Cl -1 > Fe +2 Cl 2 -1 +H20

By replacing Fe with Na the chemical equation would look like this:

Component: Physicochemical aspects of substances Competence: Establish conditions

The following reduction reactions can occur at the cathode:

2SO 4 2- S 2 O 8(ac) + 2e - ; E˚ = - 2.01 v

2H 2 O O 2(g) + 4H + (ac) + 4e - ; E˚ = -1.2288 v reaction that occurs

Component: Physicochemical aspects of mixtures

ANSWER QUESTIONS 12 AND 13 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING TABLE

-atom or ion of the AN

ANSWER QUESTIONS 14 TO 16 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING GRAPH

Sphere 1.5g/ cm3

A. float on the surface of Q because it is spherical

Component: Physicochemical aspects of mixtures

A. Q, P and R form a solution

Component: Physicochemical aspects of mixtures

A. a smaller amount of salt remains in the container

Component: Physicochemical aspects of mixtures

A. the molar concentration of the solution remains constant

Component: Physicochemical aspects of mixtures

A. at twice the concentration in the standard solution

Component: Physicochemical aspects of mixtures