Sam Wellander February 16, 2011

AP United States History Period 1

Chapter 32 The War to End War

War by Act of Germany Germany should have worked harder to keep U.S. out of the war. Wilsonian Idealism Enthroned American people changed their position on war quite quickly. Wilsons Fourteen Potent Points Creel Manipulates Minds This guy was good at his job. Enforcing Loyalty and Stifling Dissent 1917, Zimmermann note was intercepted and published in the states, showing that Germany was trying to ally with Mexico against the U.S. Germany sank four unarmed merchant American ships. 1917, U.S. issued war declaration. Large majority of Americans were against war. Wilson made reasons for war sound more righteous by saying it was to preserve democracy and a war to end war. This tactic worked well on the public. 1918, Wilson mad Fourteen Points Address to Congress. Proposal to abolish secret treaties, freedom of seas, removal of economic barriers among nations, reduction of armament burdens, and an adjustment of colonial claims. Raised hopes all over the world. Journalist George Creel was in charge of rallying Americans and other allied countries for the war. Spread propaganda and advertisement that quite effectively got everyone into the swing of the war. Built peoples hopes too high. 8% of population was German-American. Many citizens suspect of anything German in the states. Socialist leader Eugene Debs sentenced to 10 years in state penitentiary. U.S. not well prepared for the war. Industries were at first slightly reluctant to support the war. 1918, War Industries Board was created with Bernard Baruch heading it. 1918, Work or Fight rule spurred many to find jobs. National War Labor Board headed by ex president pressed employers to provide higher wages and 8 hour days. 1919, greatest strike in American history, over million workers of the steel industry. Strike broken and birthed much more hostility to AfricanPage 2 Americans for their strikebreaking.

The Nations Factories Go to War

Workers in Wartime

Sam Wellander February 16, 2011

AP United States History Period 1

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Suffering until Suffrage I wonder why it took so long to get to this point. War split womens rights movement, one side made up of pacifists, and the majority other for war in the hope of instilling true democracy in the states. 1920, 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. 1921, Sheppard Towner Maternity Act provided federally financed maternal and infant health care. Herbert Hoover was named head of the Food Administration. Got food contributions voluntarily only. 1919, 18th amendment prohibited alcoholic drinks. Farm production increased by and food exports to allies tripled. Allied forces required more manpower from the U.S. A draft was established to raise an army which reached 4 million men. Women and African-Americans occupied the army. American troops reached France a year after war declaration. Troops fought in Belgium, Italy, and Russia. Added 5,000 troops to allied invasion of Archangel Russia to prevent Germans from attaining munitions stores. 1918, large German assault threatened to knock out France of the war. American forces arrived and helped cause Germany into retreat. General John Pershing, commanding U.S. troops, was assigned an 85 mile front from Swiss border to meet the French lines. October 1918, Germany seeks peace with Wilson based on the 14 points. U.S. contributions to the war had been in food, munitions, man power, but not battlefield victories. Everyone involved in the war expected Wilson to be a moral prophet. Republicans won a narrow majority in Congress, diminishing Wilson as a leader. Page 3

Forging a War Economy

Making Plowboys into Doughboys Why didnt they want the blacks to fight? Fighting in France Belatedly

America Helps Hammer the Hun

The Fourteen Points Disarm Germany

Wilson Steps Down from Olympus

Sam Wellander February 16, 2011

AP United States History Period 1

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Hammering Out the Treaty The Domestic Parade of Prejudice Wilsons Tour and Collapse (1919) Defeat through Deadlock The Solemn Referendum of 1920

An Idealist Battles the Imperialists in Paris When does it become the U.N.?

Wilson arrived in Paris and was treated like a god by everyone there. Wilson arranged compromise that victors would not seize conquered land but instead obtain it as trustees of the League of Nations. 1919, League of Nations agreed to be made Republican senators would not approve League of Nations. France got the Saar Valley after 15 years of LN ownership. Italy reluctantly got a sea port in Yugoslavia. Japan got Germanys holdings in Shandong. Treaty of Versailles given to Germans in 1919, and outraged them because it only contained 4 of Wilsons points. Wilson forced to compromise away many of his lesser 14 points to preserve the League of Nations. When Wilson came back to the states the isolationists berated him with criticism because of his entangling alliance, the LN Many thought that the treaty was not at all harsh enough on Germany. Wilson began to tour in response to the countrys confusion and apathy. Was followed by Republican senators giving speeches to impeach Wilson. 1919, Wilson collapsed and had a stroke, that paralyzed one side of his body. Republican senator Lodge looked to pass the treaty with his own 14 formal reservations attached, that sought to preserve American sovereignty. Wilson had loyal democratic senators vote against the treaty twice, ending its run. 1920 Republicans nominated Warren Harding with vice Calvin Coolidge. Democrats nominated James Cox with vice FDR. Harding won 404 to 127

The Peace Treaty That Bred a New War

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Sam Wellander February 16, 2011

AP United States History Period 1

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The Betrayal of Great Expectations Allied forces blamed U.S. for the collapse of the treaty of Versailles. Germany began to rearm illegally. French also built up a powerful military force in fear of Germany.

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Sam Wellander February 16, 2011

AP United States History Period 1

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