The Influence of Different Levels of Ipil-Ipil Leaf Application on the Growth and Yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus Linn.

Introduction: Radish (Raphanus sativus Linn.) is one of the most known vegetable crops grown because it is very easy to grow and it matures quickly. Its edible portion consisting of the root and stem are especially served as salad. To produce grater yield rabanos as locally called can be planted between the months of October and January. This vegetable grows well in any kind of soil but preferably with abundant organic and inorganic matter. Radishes are grown not only for home consumption but also for market demands. Objectives of the Study: 1. To find out the influence of the different amounts of ipil-ipil leaf application on the growth and yield of radish; and 2. To determine which level of ipil-ipil leaf application will result to the best growth and the highest yield of radish Treatments: Treatment A- Control (no ipil-ipil leaf application) Treatment B- 3 tons of ipil-ipil leaves/ hectare Treatment C- 5 tons of ipil-ipil leaves/hectare Treatment D- 7 tons of ipil-ipil leaves/hectare Treatment E- 9 tons of ipil-ipil leaves/hectare

Affectivity of Akapulko(Casia alata) Leaves Extract as an Insecticides to Different Insects specifically to Leafhoppers(Nephotettix virescens)
Introduction:

Pest control is one of the major concerns of the environmental interventions to reduce and eradicate the acceptable levels of insect pests, plant pathogens, and weed populations. Specific control techniques include chemical, physical, and biological mechanisms. Despite all the control efforts used, pests annually destroy about 35 percent of all crops worldwide. Even after food is harvested, insects, microorganisms, rodents, and birds inflict a further 10 to 20 percent loss, bringing total destruction to about 40 to 50 percent. With so many areas of the world facing serious food shortages, researchers seek to reduce this loss by improving pest control preferably against leafhoppers. Leafhoppers damage the plants by sucking the sap and by plugging xylem and phloem with their feeding sheets and some pieces of tissues are pushed into these vessels during exploratory feeding. Excessive __________ may produce similar effects to the feeding and ________ make predispose plants to fungal and bacterial infection and the ____ encourages sooty molds. Due to the annual damage of insects particularly leafhoppers to rice crops, which is the primary food for half the people in the world, and the increasing concern over the harmful effects on the environment of very expensive commercial insecticides have led to the use of insect control.
Objectives:

1. This study would like to evaluate the insecticidal properties of Akapulko leaves extract as leafhoppers eradicator. 2. To determine if there is a significant difference in the mortality of leafhoppers using varying concentration of Akapulko leaves extract as treatments.
Treatments:

Treatment A- 100 ml. Akapulko leaves extract Treatment B- 75 ml. Akapulko leaves extract and 25 ml. water Treatment C- 50 ml. Akapulko leaves extract and 50 ml. water Treatment D- (Control) 100 ml. water