OLYMPIAD CELL, ORISSA CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Regd. No. : 18990 / 28-87 / XXVII 22-87 of 1987-1988 ( Website : www.

ocs-india-org )
SYLLABUS FOR OLYCHEM-I
Physical Chemistry States of Matter a) Solid State : Characteristics and classification of solids, idea about ionic, covalent, molecular and metallic solids, the seven crystal system, the radius ratio, fcc, bcc, hcp crystals of simple ionic compounds. b) Liquid State & Solutions : Characteristics of liquids, vapour pressure & its variation with temperature, surface tension and viscosity. Solutions - Types of solutions, solute and solvent, ways of expressing concentration of solutions (strength, normality, molarity, molality, mole fraction & formality ; their interrelations), Raoults law and Henrys law, Colligative properties - Lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point & osmotic pressure, determination of molecular mass from these properties, anomalous molecular mass (solutes undergoing association and dissociation), the degree of association and dissociation, vant Hoff factor, interrelations among the colligative properties, Numerical problems. Gaseous State : Characteristics of gases, Gas laws - Boyles law, Charles law, Combined gas law, Avogadros law, Ideal gas equation, Daltons law of partial pressure, Grahams law of diffusion / effusion, Kinetic theory of gases - derivation of the kinetic gas equation, Derivation of gas laws from kinetic gas equation, Ideal and real gases - Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour, modification of ideal gas equation (van der Waals equation), Molecular speeds - average, root mean square and most probable speeds ; their interrelations, preliminary idea of speed distribution, the speed distribution curve, influence of temperature on speed distribution, Numerical problems. Colloidal State & Surface chemistry : Types of colloids, preparation, purification and properties of colloids, Absorption & adsorption, types of adsorption ; the adsorption isotherms.

c)

d)

Atoms & Molecules - The Mole Concept : Atoms, molecules, atomic and molecular masses, gram atomic and gram molecular masses, Mole - its definition, calculation of number of moles, equivalent masses of elements and compounds (acids, bases and salts), gram equivalent masses, stoichiometric calculations based on chemical equations using mass-mass, mass-volume, mass-mole, volume-volume etc relations, the idea of limiting reagent, Numerical problems. Types of Reactions : Types of chemical reactions, Redox reactions as combination of oxidation and reductionequivalent masses of oxidants and reductants, oxidation number and its calculation, variable oxidation number, balancing redox equations by oxidation number and ion electron methods, common reactions of typical oxidising and reducing reagents, neutralisation reactions, types of

Page-2 neutralisation reactions, indicators, indicator range, neutralisation curves, Numerical problems. Inorganic Chemistry Structure of Atom : Fundamental particles and their properties, Rutherfords nuclear model, The hydrogen spectrum, Idea of quantisation of energy (and orbital angular momentum), Bohrs model of atom, calculation of energy, radius and orbital angular momentum of Bohrs orbits, explanation of hydrogen spectrum, Dual nature of matter - the de Broglie theory of matter waves, calculation of de Broglie wavelength in simple cases, Heisenbergs uncertainty principle, Quantum numbers, Shapes of s-, -, d- orbitals, Aufbau principle, Hunds rule, Electronic configuration of elements up to atomic number 30. The Schrodingers time-independent wave equation. Periodicity : Periodic laws, periods and groups, classification of elements into s-, p-, d- and f-blocks, periodicity in properties like atomic and ionic radii, ionisation potential, electron affinity, electronegativity and oxidation states. Chemical Bonding : Ionic bond and lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle, covalent bond and polar covalent bond, the dipole moment, bond dipole moment and molecular dipole moment, coordinate bond, hybridisation - sp, sp2, sp3, dsp2, dsp 3 & d2sp3 hybridisations, VSEPR theory, shapes of molecules (linear, angular, trigonal, pyramidal, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral), - and -bonds, hydrogen bonds, intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds & their consequences, Molecular orbital theory of simple homonuclear diatomic molecules. Chemistry of s-Block Elements Alkali & alkaline earth metals : General characteristics of alkali and alkaline earth metals, Principles of extraction, properties and uses of Na, Mg & Ca, preparation, properties and uses of hydroxides, chlorides, nitrates and sulfates of these metals. Chemistry of -Block Elements : a) Group 13 elements : General characteristics of boron family, principles of extraction, properties and uses of aluminium, preparation, properties and uses of boric acid potash alum. b) Group 14 elements : General characteristics of carbon family, allotropes of carbon, silicones and silicon carbide (preliminary idea). Group 15 elements : General characteristics of elements of nitrogen family, preparation, properties and uses of ammonia, phosphine and nitric acid.

c)

Organic Chemistry Introductory : Tetracovalency of carbon, sp-, sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon atoms in organic molecules, Common functional groups, IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds - monofunctional compounds, polyfunctional compounds (compounds containing two or more same functional groups, compounds containing two different functional groups), Factors influencing the mobility of electrons in organic molecules - inductive effects & resonance and their applications, Reactive intermediates - electrophiles and nucleophiles, carbocations, carbanions and free radicals, their

Page-3 stability, Types of organic reactions - addition, elimination and substitution (examples), Isomerism - Structural isomerism (chain, position, functional isomerisms, metamerisms and tautomerism). Stereoisomerism - geometrical and optical isomerism, E-Z & R-S nomenclature. Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, Alkenes & Alkynes) a) Alkanes : Methods of preparation (Reduction, decarboxylation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbes electrolysis, Grignards method), physical properties, reactions (substitution - halogenation and nitration, cracking, isomerisation & aromatisation). b) Alkenes : Methods of preparation (dehydrohalogenation, dehalogenation, dehydration and electrolysis), physical properties, reactions (with H2, X2, HX, H2O, HOX, H2SO4, O3, polymerisation), Markownikoffs rule and peroxide effect. Alkynes : Methods of preparation (dehydrohalogenation, dehalogenation and electrolysis), acetylene from iodoform and CaC2, physical properties, reactions (with H2, HX, HOX, H2O & O3, with ammoniacal Cu2Cl2, AgNO3 solutions, aromatisaton), Acidity of acetylenic hydrogen atoms and its synthetic importance.

c)

Halogenated Hydrocarbons : Types of halogen derivatives, Monohaloalkanes : Methods of preparation (from alkanes, alkenes and alcohols), Physical properties, Reactions (synthesis of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, nitriles, acids, acid derivatives, ethers, nitroalkanes and amines). Organometallic compounds : Organomagensium compounds. Grignards reagents - preparation from alkyl halides, synthetic applications (preparation of alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and acids) Alcohols : Classification of alcohols into mono-, di-, trihydric alcohols, classification of monohydric alcohols into primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, methods of preparation (from haloalkanes, esters, aldehydes, ketones and Grignards reagents), physical properties, reactions (with strongly electropositive metals, organic and inorganic acids, PCl5, PX3, SOCl2, oxidation and catalytic dehydrogenation), distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols (oxidation, dehydrogenation methods, Lucas and Victor-Meyers tests). N. B. : While setting questions for OLYCHEM-I, emphasis will be given on the fundamental aspect of each topic.

END OF SYLLABUS FOR OLYCHEM-I

For and on behalf of Orisa Chemical Society

( S. N. Mohanty ) Coordinator, OLYMPIAD CELL