THE HEALTH RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (HRDP) & COMMUNITY ORGANIZING PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (COPAR) MODEL HRDP

a model for establishing & implementing effective, sustainable & participatory PHC programs in DDU communities. - it entails development & mobilization of students & faculty of paramedical institutions, & enrichment of health oriented curriculum & reorienting the health education of future health workers to be more responsive & relevant to the current community health needs. STRATEGIES 1. Strengthening the integration of PHC, COPAR, Adult teaching learning concepts, strategies & methodologies in the health science curricula. 2. Systematization of the students exposure program. 3. Development of CHO which can sustain health development program. 4. Community-capability building through leadership & health skills trainings. 5. Provision of health services by the faculty, students & the trained BHW COPAR a social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic, voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory & politically responsive community. A collective, participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained & systematic process of building peoples organizations by mobilizing & enhancing the capabilities & resources of the people for the resolution of their issues & concerns towards affecting change to their existing oppressive & exploitative conditions. Objectives: (Self-reliance & People Empowerment) 1. To make people aware of social realities toward the development of local initiative, optimal use of human, technical & material resources & strengthening of peoples capabilities. 2. To form structures that uphold the peoples basic interest as oppressed, deprived sections of the community, & as a people bound by the interest to serve the people. 3. To initiate responsible actions intended to address holistically the various community health & social problems. Power must reside in the people - Development is from people to people. - Peoples participation should always be present. 2. COPAR should be based on the interests of the poorest sectors of society. 3. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant community & society. PROCESSES/METHODS USED IN COPAR 1. Progressive Cycle of Action-Reflection-Action Session (ARAS) - begins with small, local, concrete issues identified by the people & the evaluation & reflection of the action taken by them. 2. Consciousness-raising through experiential learning - is central to the COPAR process because it places emphasis on learning that emerges from concrete action that enriches succeeding actions.

3. Participatory & mass-based - primarily directed toward the mobilization of the poor, the powerless & oppressed sector of the community. 4. Group-centered & not leader oriented - leaders are identified, emerge & tested through action rather than appointed or selected by some external force. CRITICAL STEPS/ACTIVITIES IN COPAR 1. INTEGRATION health workers become one with the people in order to: Immerse himself in the poor community Understand deeply the culture, economy, leaders, history, rhythms & lifestyle in the community. METHODS OF INTEGRATION 1. Participation in direct production activities of the people. 2. Conduct house-to-house visits. 3. Participation in social activities like birthday, fiesta, wakes, weddings, seasonal rituals, benefit dances, etc. 4. Conversing with people where they usually gather such as in stores, water wells, washing streams or in church yards. 5. Helping out in household chores 2. SOCIAL INVESTIGATION Community study - a systematic process of collecting, collating, analyzing data to draw a clear picture of the community. Pointers in conducting Social Investigation: Use of survey questionnaire is discouraged. Community leaders can be trained to initially assist the community workers/CO in doing SI. Data can be more effectively & efficiently collected through informal methods (house-to-house visit, participating in conversation) Secondary data should be thoroughly examined because much of the information might already be available. SI is facilitated if the CO is properly integrated & has acquired the trust of the people. Confirmation & validation of community data should be done regularly. 3. TENTATIVE PROGRAM PLANNING CO to choose one issue to work on in order to begin organizing the people. 4. GROUNDWORK Going around & motivating the people on a one-on-one basis to do something on the issue that has been chosen. 5. THE MEETING People collectively ratify what they have already decided individually. - it gives people the collective power & confidence . - problems & issues are discussed. 6. ROLE PLAY To act out the meeting that will take place between the leaders of the people & the government representative. - a way of training the people to participate what will happen & prepare themselves for such eventually. 7. MOBILIZATION/ACTION actual experience of people

- carrying out the plans & activities. 8. EVALUATION People review step 1-7 to determine whether they were successful or not in their objectives. 9. REFLECTION dealing with deeper ongoing concern to look at the positive side. CO is trying to build an organization. - it gives people time to reflect on the reality of life compared to the ideal. 10. ORGANIZATION - the peoples organization is the result of many successive & similar actions of the people. - a final organizational structure is set-up with elected officers & supporting members. PHASES OF COPAR 1. PRE-ENTRY PHASE initial, simplest phase of the organizing process in terms of actual outputs, activities & strategies. - CO looks for communities to serve or to help. - takes 1-2 months to complete 2 main activities: Selection of Project Site Identification of Host Family/Staff House 2. THE ENTRY PHASE Most crucial phase. Also called Social Preparation phase for it allows the community to be actively involved in the entire implementation of the program. Success will depend on: 1. how much the project implementors have integrated with the community people. 2. their understanding of the place & events 3. their willingness & readiness to commit oneself towards the program. ACTIVITIES: 1. Integrate with community residents - Integration is the process of establishing rapport with the people in a continuing effort to imbibe the community life by living with them & undergoing the same experience, sharing their hopes, aspirations & hardships towards building mutual trust & cooperation. 2. Conduct deepening Social Investigation Social Investigation is the systematic process of collecting, collating & analyzing data to draw a clear picture of the community. - an investigation was already made at the beginning phase of organizing but an in-depth investigation is needed to better view how the community & its people perform in general. 3. Dissemination information/sensitize community residents on the program & PHC. - information campaign can be done in small group discussions, house-to-house visit, in informal social gatherings. - side by side with the organization campaign is the delivery of basic health services, done simultaneously.

4Formulate criteria for selection of Core Group Member - people themselves will formulate criteria - core group members are selected by the community residents during the assembly. - Sample of criteria: a. they must be respected members of the community. - credible & loved by the community b. they must belong to the poor sector in the community. c. they must be responsible, committed individuals, willing to work for social change & transformation. - willing to serve for others without waiting for anything in return. d. they must be willing to learn. e. they must possess a good communication skills & able to express himself to others in a group. 6. Define roles & function of the core group members >Roles & Functions: a. Social preparation of the community for health & development work. b. Organizing a community research team for the conduct of community assessment diagnosis. c. Setting up the CHO & facilitate the identification of potential CHW. d. Scrutinizing & mobilizing the community to act on their own & participate in the delivery of essential health services. Note: 1. Core group is not a permanent group. 2. Number of members has no limit as long as the member is willing to fulfill the function. 3. Some can be elected to become CHWs. 4. Selection of members should be well represented from all sectors. 6. Deliver essential basic health services - a good opportunity to build rapport to the community. CHO is charged with the management of relevant & appropriate health programs - ensure the collective participation in decision-making, planning, implementation & evaluation of community project - establish a network of linkages/network for mobilizing external support - generate resources for maintaining & sustaining health programs or activities - raising the communitys consciousness in health & other broader issues - mobilizing the people to act on their health problems & issues affecting them. - they are being elected

3. COMMUNITY STUDY/DIAGNOSIS PHASE - research phase ACTIVITIES: a. Selection of research team b. Train community research team Community Research Team is a small adhoc body composed of residents selected by the community to look into the causes of problems. - train on data collection methods & techniques, development of data collection tools & training on capability-building c. Planning for the actual gathering of data d. Data gathering e. Training on data validation -includes data tabulation & preliminary analysis of data f. Community validation g. Presentation of the study & recommendation 4. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION & CAPABILITY BUILDING PHASE/ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE - signals the start of community self-management because it entails the formation of more formal structures & the inclusion of more formal procedures of planning, implementing, & evaluating community-wide activities. ACTIVITIES: Community meetings to draw up guidelines for the organization of the CHO. Election of CHO officers Development of management systems & procedures Team building Working out legal requirements for the establishments of CHO. Organization of working committees/task group Training of CHO officers & community leaders

a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

5. COMMUNITY ACTION PHASE ACTIVITIES: a. Organization & training of CHWs. b. Setting-up of linkages/network referral system c. Initial identification & implementation of resource mobilization schemes. 6. SUSTENANCE & STRENGTHENING PHASE - the community can already stand on its own. - people can sustain the program even without the help of project implementors. - trained leaders & workers take the over-all management of the program.

ACTIVITIES: a. Formulation & ratification of constitution & by-laws b. Identification & development of secondary leaders. c. Setting-up & institutionalization of financing scheme d. Assess/re-plan community health programs. e. Formalizing & institutionalization of linkages, networks & referral system f. Development & implementation of viable management systems & procedures, committees, continuing education, training of leaders, CHWs & community residents. HRDP-COPAR STAFF 1. Project Director School Head 2. Project Manager Dean 3. Community Organizer 4. Coordinator of Student Community Immersion 5. Health Services Coordinator 6. Training Coordinator 7. Financial Officer 8. Bookkeeper 9. Secretary