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ME - 1822

02 INTRODUCTION TO

Internal combustion engine

INSTRUCTED BY Mr J De saram NAME -: Karunarathna S G M P V INDEX NO: -: 090246N DIPARTMENT -: EE DATE OF PRC -: 16-09-2011 DATE OF SUB -:30-09-2011

Working principle of the Internal combustion engine Combustion is the burning of fuel. When fuel is burned it gives off energy, in the form of heat, which creates the expansion of gas. This expansion can be rapid and powerful. The force and movement of the expansion of gas can be used to push an object. Shaking a can of soda is a way to see what happens when gas expands. The shaking motion causes a reaction of carbon dioxidethe soda's fizzwhich, when the can is opened, pushes the soda's liquid from the can. Classification of IC engine 01) Rotary Gas Turbine air- craft- power plants active (M-L) Jet Engine air- Craft active (S-M) Wankel Engine Automobile (S) 02) Reciprocating Diesel Engine Automobile- Industrial active (S-M) Petrol Engine (Gasoline Engine) Automobile active (S) Multi- Fuel Engine Automobile- Industrial active (S-M) Gas Engine Automobile- Industrial Active (S-M) L: Large over 10000 KW M: Medium between 1000- 10000 KW S: Small under 1000 KW Application of IC engine Internal combustion engines are most commonly used for mobile propulsion in vehicles and portable machinery. In mobile equipment, internal combustion is advantageous since it can provide high power-to-weight ratios together with excellent fuel energy density. Generally using fossil fuel (mainly petroleum), these engines have appeared in transport in almost all vehicles (automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, boats, and in a wide variety of aircraft and locomotives).Where very high power-to-weight ratios are required, internal combustion engines appear in the form of gas turbines. These applications include jet aircraft, helicopters, large ships and electric generators Components of the engine

For a four-stroke engine, key parts of the engine include the crankshaft ,connecting rod one or more camshafts and valves. For a two-stroke engine, there may simply be an exhaust outlet and fuel inlet instead of a valve system. In both types of engines there are one or more cylinders , and for each cylinder there is a spark plug, a piston , and a crankpin. A single sweep of the cylinder by the piston in an upward or downward motion is known as a stroke. The downward stroke that occurs directly after the air-fuel mix passes from the carburetor or fuel injector to the cylinder (where it is ignited) is also known as a power stroke. Valves All four-stroke internal combustion engines employ valves to control the admittance of fuel and air into the combustion chamber. Two-stroke engines use ports in the cylinder bore, covered and uncovered by the piston, though there have been variations such as exhaust valves. Piston A piston is a component of reciprocating engines. It is located in a cylinder and is made gastight by piston rings. Its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In two-stroke engines the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder wall.

Crankshaft Most reciprocating internal combustion engines end up turning a shaft. This means that the linear motion of a piston must be converted into rotation. This is typically achieved by a crankshaft. Cam shaft

Spark plug

Piston

Crank Shaft Operation of two stock IC engine

Crank pin

Connecting rod

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine http://science.jrank.org/pages/3638/Internal-Combustion-Engine-Principles.html http://uotechnology.edu.iq/depMechanicsandEquipment/english/lecture/Same%20Subjects/third%20year/Internal% 20Combustion%20Engines1.pdf http://www.unep.org/transport/pcfv/PDF/Pollution2-StrokeEngines.pdf

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