CheMarkSchemeJun06 ASA2

GCE
Edexcel GCE
Chemistry (8080/9080)
Summer 2006
Mark Scheme
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Summer 2006
Publications Code UA017774
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Edexcel Ltd 2006
Contents
Unit 6241/01 .............................................................................................................................................1
Unit 6242/01 .............................................................................................................................................7
Unit 6243/01A Practical Test Group 1 ..................................................................................................15
Unit 6243/01B Practical Test Group 2 ..................................................................................................21
Unit 6243/01C Practical Test Group 3 ..................................................................................................29
Unit 6243/02 ...........................................................................................................................................35
Unit 6244/01 ...........................................................................................................................................41
Unit 6245/01 ...........................................................................................................................................51
Unit 6246/01A Practical Test Group 1 ..................................................................................................65
Unit 6246/01B Practical Test Group 2 ..................................................................................................73
Unit 6246/01C Practical Test Group 3 ..................................................................................................81
Unit 6246/02 ...........................................................................................................................................89

Using the mark scheme
The mark scheme gives you:

• an idea of the types of response expected
• how individual marks are to be awarded
• the total mark for each question
• examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.
Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure
that the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are
put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context.
1 / means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full
credit.
2 ( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps
the examiner to get the sense of the expected answer.
3 [ ] words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance for examiners.
4 Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is
essential to the answer.
5 ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part
of a question is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same question.
8080/9080 Chemistry ii
Summer 2006
Unit 6241/01
1 (a) ..2s22p2 OR 1s22s22p2 OR (1s2)2s22px12py1
ALLOW capitals and subscripts (1 mark)
(b) large gap/jump between 4th and 5th ionisation energies (so fifth in inner shell) (1 mark)
(c) 4 pairs of electrons around C atom (1)

all Ione pairs shown (1)
Mark independently
xx
x x
x Cl x
xx xo xx
x x x x
x
Cl o C o Cl x
xx xo xx
x x
x
Cl x
xx
ALLOW all dots/crosses (2 marks)

Any attempt at an ionic diagram (0)
(d) (i) High energy/fast/gun electrons hit/strike

OR bombarded by electrons (1)
Removes/knocks out electron (1)

OR equation eg X → X+ + e (−) IGNORE state symbols
If knock out is mentioned, hit/strike is not required in 1st mark (2 marks)
(ii) magnetic field/magnet/electromagnet/magnetic plates (1 mark)
(e) (i) mass of one atom (of the isotope) (1)

relative to 1/12th of the mass of (1)
a carbon -12 atom (1)
OR 2nd and 3rd marks can be awarded as follows:

On a scale where a 12C atom (1)
has a mass of 12 (NOT grams) (1)
Word “atom” need only be mentioned once

Word “mass” need only be mentioned once
If define R.A.M……max1 (3 marks)
(ii) 162 IGNORE units (1 mark)
(iii) (atoms with) same no. of protons (1)

NOT same atomic number
“different number of electrons” loses 1st mark but IGNORE “same number
of electrons”
different number of neutrons (1)

NOT different mass number
Penalise incorrect reference to number of electrons (2 marks)
(iv) same number of electrons IGNORE “same number of protons”
OR same electronic configuration/pattern/structure

NOT same number in outer orbit (1 mark)
Total 14 marks
8080/9080 Chemistry 1
Summer 2006
2 (a) (i) Covalent (1 mark)
(ii) Induced-dipole(-induced dipole)/dispersion/London/v der Waals/vdw

Temporary or instantaneous can be used instead of induced
NOT “dipole” forces

NOT permanent dipole
NOT dipole-dipole (1 mark)
(iii) polymer has stronger/more vdw/intermolecular forces (1)

ALLOW dipole forces
because it has more electrons/larger electron cloud/more contact area

(1)
NOT larger molecules/surface area
so more energy/heat needed to overcome/break these forces

OR so more energy/heat needed to separate these molecules (1)
NOT breaking bonds (3 marks)
3rd mark is NOT stand alone
(b) strong attraction between Mg ions/Mg2+/cations/metal ions (1)
NOT electrostatic forces/metallic bonds
and delocalised/sea of electrons (1)

Mark independently (2 marks)
(c) Ionic/electrovalent (1)
diagram shows alternating cations and anions in planar arrangement (1)
2nd mark
OR labelled “blobs” – minimum labelling is “Na/sodium ion” and “chloride ion”
in 3-D structure/at least 2 (part) layers shown (1)
2nd and 3rd marks

Cl- Na+
Na+ Cl-
Na+ Cl-
Cl- Na+
(2)
OR
Cl- Na+
Na+ Na+
Cl- Cl-
Na + and Cl -
Cl- Cl- Na+

Na+
+
Cl- Na
(2) (3 marks)
If only one of them given (1)
Total 10 marks
Summer 2006
3 (a) (i) Red/brick-red/orange-red (1)
NOT ‘Orange’ on its own
Yellow (1) ALLOW orange (2 marks)
(ii) electrons promoted (by heat/flame to a higher level) (1)

NOT electrons excited
fall back down/return (1)
emit light (1) (3 marks)
(b) (i) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

OR ½ this OR multiples of this
IGNORE state symbols (1 mark)
(ii) Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH (1 mark)

OR ½ this OR multiples of this
IGNORE state symbols
(c) Bubbles/fizz/effervescence (1) IGNORE gas/fumes

float/move about (on surface) (1)
melts/forms sphere (1) Any two
gets smaller/disappears (1)
burns with yellow flame (1)
IGNORE dissolves OR gets hot
IGNORE explodes/ignites (2 marks)
(d) KO2
OR O2K (1 mark)
Total 10 marks
Summer 2006
4 (a) (i) -1/-I, 0 -1/-I, 0
minus can be either side, sub or superscript
iodine no’s correct (1)

chlorine no’s correct (1) (2 marks)
(ii) chlorine oxidation number goes down/goes from 0 to -1, so reduced (1)
iodine oxidation number goes up/goes from -1 to 0, so oxidised (1)

Mark consequentially on (a)(i) (2 marks)
(iii) moles NaI= 30.0 = 0.2 (1)

150
moles I2 = 0.1 (1)
mass of I2 = 0.1 x 254 = 25.4 (g) (1)
OR
300g NaI (1) => 254g I2 (1)
254
30.0 x = 25.4(g) (1)
300
Correct answer with some working (3)

Use of atomic numbers 2 max
Penalise wrong units (3 marks)
(iv) vol = 0.1 x 24 = 2.4 (dm3)

If not 2.4, check for consequential on (a)(iii) (1 mark)
(b) (i) black/grey/grey-black (1)

NOT blue-black
NOT purple
IGNORE shiny/silvery
Solid (1) (2 marks)
(ii) I(g) → I+(g) + e(−) OR I(g) – e(−) → I+(g)
species (1)
state symbols (1) – award state symbols mark only if species correct and
in correct place, or if wrong halogen used
If I2 OR ½I2 (0) (2 marks)
(iii) nuclear charge increases/more protons (1)
(but) more shielding/screening

OR extra shells between outer shell/valence/electrons and nucleus (1)
outer electron further from nucleus/iodine’s outer electron in higher

energy level/shell (therefore less energy). (1)
ACCEPT “electron being removed” instead of “outer”
(3 marks)
Total 15 marks
Summer 2006
5 (a) (i) 4 pairs of electrons /2 Ione pairs and 2 bond pairs (1)
so electron pairs arranged tetrahedrally

OR
Arranged to give maximum separation/minimum repulsion (1) (2 marks)
(°)
(ii) 103 – 105 (1)
lone pair repulsion> bond pair repulsion (1) (2 marks)
(b) (i) trigonal planar diagram (1)

e.g two opposite wedges gets (1)
three wedges of two types gets (1)
one wedge only gets (0)
IGNORE name
(°)
120 marked on diagram (1) – stand alone (2 marks)
(ii) B and Cl have different electronegativities / Cl more electronegative than

B (1 mark)
OR different electronegativities explained
(iii) Dipoles (or vectors) cancel/symmetrical molecule/centres of positive and

negative charges coincide
IGNORE polarity cancels (1 mark)
(iv) Induced-dipole(-induced dipole)/dispersion/London/v der Waals/vdw

Temporary or instantaneous can be used instead of induced
NOT “dipole” forces

NOT permanent dipole
NOT dipole-dipole (1 mark)
(c) 14.9 = (0.481) 85.1 = (2.40) (1)

31 35.5
0.481 = 1 2.40 = 5 , so PCl5 (1)

0.481 0.481
Use of atomic number max 1 (2 marks)
Total 11 marks
Paper Total: 60 Marks
Summer 2006
Summer 2006
Unit 6242/01
1. (a) (i) (aqueous) sodium hydroxide
ALLOW formula (1 mark)
(ii) Cryolite/Sodium aluminofluoride/Na3AlF6 (1 mark)
(iii) Melting temperature/point is too/very high

NOT “too much energy is required” (1 mark)
(b) (i) Al3+ + 3e(−) Æ Al

(ii) liberated oxygen OR 2O2− Æ O2 + 4e(−) (1)

If say O2 is liberated but equation wrong, give the mark, ignoring the
equation
Oxidises/reacts with carbon anodes

OR burns away (1)
The carbon can come from an equation
Either C + O2 Æ CO2
OR C + 2O2− Æ CO2 + 4e(−)
OR C+ O2− Æ CO + 2e(−)
OR 2C+ O2 Æ 2CO (1) (3 marks)
(c) Use Property

Cans (1) Does not corrode OR non-toxic (1)
Aeroplanes (1) Low density
OR high strength:weight ratio (1)
NOT ‘light’
Saucepans (1) Good conductor of heat
OR non-toxic (1)
Cooking foil (1) Good conductor of heat
OR non-toxic (1)
Car bodies/engines (1) Does not corrode
OR Does not oxidise
OR low density (1)
Power cables (1) High conductivity
NOT electrical wiring - though this OR low density (1)
can score the second mark
Window/greenhouse frames (1) Does not corrode

OR easily extruded (1)
NOT ‘do not rust’ as synonym for
‘corrode’
Bicycle frames/parts (1) Low density (1)
(2 marks)
Total 9 marks
Summer 2006
2 (a) Isomer Complete oxidation
Primary CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (1) CH3CH2CH2COOH (1)
OR C2H5CH2CH2OH
OR (CH3)2CHCH2OH (1) (CH3)2CHCOOH (1)
O
NOT C3H7CH2OH etc
CH3CH2CH2 C
NOT OHCH2CH2CH2CH3 OH
(1)
ALLOW C2H5CH2COOH
OR
O
(CH3)2CHC
OH
ALLOW (CH3)2CH COOH
-CO2H allowable for COOH
C2H5 allowable for CH3CH2-
Secondary CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 (1) O

CH3CH2CCH3
(1)
ALLOW CH3CH2COCH3
Tertiary (CH3)3COH (1) None (1)
ALLOW “No structure”
MUST be stated eg n/a OR no product

OR repeat the test alcohol formula ie
(CH3)3COH
NOT just a line
Stand alone mark
Incorrect alcohol repeated 0 (out of 2)
The oxidation products are stand alone marks

If three carbon alcohols shown, correct oxidation products only score
(6 marks)
Summer 2006
(b) (i) 1(-)iodopropane (1 mark)
(ii) Moist/wet/damp/aqueous/aq
IGNORE any reference to heat (1 mark)
(iii) PI3 (1 mark)

ALLOW PI5
NOT names
(c) (i) Ethanol/propanone/aqueous ethanol/alcohol (1)
heat (1)
OR warm (under reflux)
OR boil under reflux
ALLOW ‘reflux’
If a temperature is stated must be between 30 ° and 80 ° C (2 marks)
(ii) CH3CH2CH2CN
ALLOW C2H5CH2CN
NOT C3H7CN
Cyanide group can be –C≡ N but not –N≡ C – if bond shown it must be
correct (1 mark)
(iii) nucleophilic substitution (1 mark)
Total 13 marks
Summer 2006
3 (a) Fine powder because it has larger surface area (1)
so more collisions per unit time OR greater collision frequency (between the
peroxide and the catalyst) (1)
OR ‘more active sites’
OR ‘more likely for collisions to occur’
NOT ‘more successful collisions’.
NOT ‘more collisions’ on its own (2 marks)
(b) (i) Axes labels (1)

ie y-axis = Number/“N” /fraction of molecules
x-axis = (kinetic) energy/E NOT potential energy
Start at or going towards origin, asymmetric, asymptotic to x-axis, T1 line

correct shape (1)
T2 line peak lower (1) and to the right (1)

T2 line must only cross T1, line once, otherwise max (1)
(4 marks)
(ii) Ea shown well to the right of both peaks (1)
larger area for T2 shown on diagram and related to number of

collisions/molecules with E ≥ Ea (1) – need to refer to shading
Greater proportion of successful collisions

OR more of the collisions are successful (1)
ACCEPT more successful collisions per unit time
NOT ‘more successful collisions’ alone (3 marks)
(iii) Ea (cat) at a lower energy than Ea (1) – check diagram, it is enough to draw it
on the diagram
Greater proportion of molecules have energy greater than the new

activation energy OR relates areas to frequency of successful collisions (1) (2 marks)
Total 11 marks
Summer 2006
4 (a) Heat/enthalpy/energy change per mole of substance/compound/product
OR
heat/enthalpy/energy change for the formation of 1 mol of substance/
compound/product (1)
“heat released” and “heat required” not allowed unless both mentioned
NOT molecule
from its elements in their standard states (1)
at 1 atm pressure and a stated temperature/298 K (1)

NOT “room temperature and pressure”
NOT “under standard conditions” (3 marks)
(b) (i) (∆H = - 306 – (- 399)) = (+) 93 (kJ mol – 1 )
ALLOW kJ
Incorrect units lose mark otherwise (1 mark)
(ii) The equilibrium moves to right hand side

OR amount of dissociation increases (1)
Because the (forward) reaction is endothermic (1)
Needs to be consistent with (i)
If (i) has a negative answer (exothermic)

equilibrium moves to left hand side (1)
Because (forward) reaction is exothermic (1)
If answer to (i) is +93 or 93 but state that this is exothermic

If reaction moves to left hand side (1)
If reaction moves to right hand side (0) (2 marks)
(iii) add chlorine (1)

which drives equilibrium to the left (1)
OR
increase the (total) pressure (1)
because there are fewer (gas) molecules on left hand side (1)
OR
add PCl3 (1)
Which drives equilibrium to the left (1) (2 marks)
Total 8 marks
Summer 2006
5 (a) (i) ÷Ar to give 1.06, 2.13 and 1.06 (1)
DO NOT ALLOW 1, 2, 1 for this mark
(divide by smallest to) to give CH2Br (1)

CH2Br on its own 1 (out of 2) (2 marks)
(ii) CH2Br mass = 94 (1)

(which is half 188) so MF is C2H4Br2 (1)
C2H4Br2 on its own 1 (out of 2) (2 marks)
(iii) HOCH2CH2OH / CH2OHCH2OH (1 mark)

ALLOW (CH2OH)2
(iv) BrCH2CH2Br / CH2BrCH2Br

ALLOW CH3CHBr2 only if in (iii) they have CH3CH(OH)2.
No other consequential marking allowed (1 mark)
(b) Strength of bonds C-I < C-Br < C-Cl (1)

Must be bonds to carbon.
C-I bond is weakest because C- I bond longest

OR I largest atom (1) NOT ion
so Ea for the reaction with the iodide is lower (1)

NOT kinetically more stable
The marks can be awarded for the inverse argument based on the C-Cl bond
being the strongest because Cl is the smaller atom.
The 3rd mark is stand alone
If electronegativity differences are used then they must be used correctly; so if

electronegativity difference is said to increase rates in the same way as bond (3 marks)
strength then 2 max
Total 9 marks
Summer 2006
6 (a) (i) Concentrated/saturated sodium chloride
OR concentrated/saturated brine
NOT sodium chloride on its own
NOT aqueous sodium chloride alone on its own (1 mark)
(ii) anode
2Cl− Æ Cl2 + 2e(−) (1)
OR halved
ALLOW -2e(−) on LHS
Cathode
2H2O + 2e(−) ÆH2 + 2OH−
OR 2H+ + 2e(−) Æ H2 (1)
OR halved
IGNORE state symbols

NOT Cl for ½ Cl2
NOT H for ½ H2.
If these equations are interchanged then (1) if they are otherwise

correct. (2 marks)
(iii) Water sterilisation/treatment NOT purification

Manufacture of anaesthetics
Bleaching
Bleach manufacture
Specified solvent manufacture
Papermaking Any one
Manufacture of HCI/hydrochloric acid
Extraction of bromine from sea water
Manufacture of titanium
Manufacture of herbicides or insecticides.
NOT swimming pools on its own

NOT PVC manufacture (1 mark)
(iv) Permits passage of sodium ions/cations (1)

Does not allow Cl−/anions through (1)
OR
selectively permeable (1) NOT semi-permeable
allows Na+ /does not allow Cl− to pass (1)
NOT ‘prevents hydrogen and chlorine from reacting’

NOT ‘prevents chlorine and sodium hydroxide from reacting’ (2 marks)
Summer 2006
(b) Skeleton (1) - This must show a 2-carbon repeat unit although number of C’s
does not matter
Continuation bonds (1) - This is allowable if hydrogens are missed, or if a long

chain is shown.
IGNORE any n
H H
C C ACCEPT CH2CHCl
H Cl
brackets not needed here

(2)
ACCEPT
H H H H
C C C C
H Cl H Cl
repeat unit (2 marks)
If C=C bond shown then (0)

(c) resistant to chemical attack
OR
not biodegradable
NOT “does not decompose”
NOT rigidity (1 mark)
(d) produces toxic/poisonous/acidic fumes

ALLOW HCI instead of “fumes”
NOT chlorine
If a list is given and one item is wrong then (0) (1 mark)
Total 10 marks
Total for paper: 60 marks
Summer 2006
Unit 6243/01A Practical Test Group 1
Penalise SF once on the whole paper. Write “SF” to show where the penalty has been applied.
Indicate “SF” on the front cover grid next to the question.
1. (a) (i) Observation

Milky/cloudy/white ppt (1)
Inferences
Carbon dioxide/CO2 (1)
“carbonate or hydrogencarbonate” both needed (1)

ACCEPT correct formulae
If both formula and name given, both must be correct (3 marks)
(ii) Add solid to hot water (1)

hydrogencarbonate gives gas, carbonate no reaction (1)
OR
heat solution with phenolphthalein (1)
carbonate pink in cold, hydrogencarbonate colourless in cold/goes pink
on heating (1)
OR
Add calcium/magnesium/barium ion solution
or Ca2+/Mg2+/Ba2+ solution
or soluble compounds of calcium/magnesium/barium (1)
White ppt with carbonate, no ppt with hydrogencarbonate (1)
OR
Measure/find/determine pH of solution (1)
pH < 10 hydrogencarbonate, pH > 10 carbonate (1)
If only one ion in inference, no marks for (ii)

If no final inference given, can still get 2 marks for (ii) (2 marks)
(b) Lilac/mauve (flame) (1)

ALLOW purple
potassium ion (1)

ALLOW K+/ K / potassium (2 marks)
(c) litmus turns blue (1)
ammonia/NH3 (1)
nitrate/NO3−
OR nitrite/NO2− (1) - Any mention of ammonium negates 3rd mark
If name and formula given, both must be correct

(3 marks)
(Total 10 marks)
Summer 2006
2. (a) Table 1 Check subtractions and averaging arithmetic, correcting if necessary.
All volumes recorded to 0.05 cm3 (1)

ALLOW one slip but withhold this mark if any readings are in the wrong boxes.
ALLOW 0, 0.0, 0.00 as initial volume NOT 50 as initial volume
All subtractions correct (1)
[99top RHS of Table 1]
Mean titre For correct averaging of chosen values/choosing identical values and for
recording the average correct to 2 or 3 dps or to nearest 0.05 cm3 (1)
- unless already penalised
[9 by the mean in space or near the dotted line in paragraph below]
Accuracy If the candidate has made an arithmetical error in the Table 1 volumes used in
the mean or in averaging the examiner must calculate a new average.
• For an averaging error simply calculate a new value using the candidate’s
chosen titres.
• If a wrongly subtracted titre has been used in the mean then choose any two
identical titres or take an average of the closest two titres.
Calculate the difference between the candidate’s mean titre and that of the
examiner or supervisor.
Record the difference on the scripts as d =
Examiner’s titre = 22.60 cm3

[or comparison with Supervisor’s value (International only). Examiner to
write “SR = titre value” on each script]
Award marks for accuracy as follows.
Difference d = ±0.20 ±0.30 ±0.40 ±0.60 ±0.80 ±1.00 >1.00
Mark 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Summer 2006
Range Award a mark on the range of titres used by the candidate to
calculate the mean. The range(r) is the difference between
the outermost titres used to calculate the mean. If the
examiner has corrected titres because of incorrect subtraction
then award the range mark on the corrected titres used by the
examiner to re-calculate the mean.
Range(r) of titres used in

±0.20 ±0.30 ±0.50 >0.50
mean / cm3
Mark 3 2 1 0
Examiner to show the marks awarded for accuracy and range as

d= value r = value
6 max
9 9 3 max
Then the mark out of 12 written in margin. (12 marks)
(b) (i) 25 x 0.0450 OR 1.125 x10-3 (mol)

1000
Mark is for the process
IGNORE SF
IGNORE units (1 mark)
(ii) answer to (i) x 2

Mark is for the process (1 mark)
(iii) answer to (ii) x 1000 mol dm-3

titre
Mark is for the numerical answer to 3 or 4 SF (1 mark)
(Total 15 marks)
Summer 2006
3. (a) Table 2
All data to 1 dp ONLY (1)
correct temperature change for data recorded (1)
Temperatures
Accuracy mark based on corrected (if necessary) subtraction
o o
Exp 1: 3.0 − 4.0 (2); 2.0 − 5.0 (1); outside limits (0)
o o
Exp 3: 9.5 − 10.5 o (2); 8.5 − 11.5 o (1); outside limits (0)
(8 marks)
International Centres ONLY:

Temperatures - Accuracy mark based on corrected (if necessary) subtraction
± 0.5 of Supervisor (2)
Outside limits (0)
for each temperature
(b) ∆T must be plotted
(i) y-scale linear from zero to cover at least half the vertical distance (1)
All plotting points (even on a linear scale which does not start at zero) ± ½
a square on the y axis but volume spot on (1)
Best line through origin (1)

(3 marks)
(ii) ∆y and ∆x marked OR triangle drawn with ∆V of at least 10 cm3 (1)
Correct values irrespective of size of triangle (1)
Calculation ∆y (1) – mark is for the process, can be left as a

∆x fraction
Check the graph, if all three ticks awarded on graph carry mark over to
margin in (ii). (3 marks)
(iii) Substitution into equation to find enthalpy change

Mark is for final answer which must have a negative sign and be no more
than 3 SF (unless SF already penalised)
Summer 2006
(iv) 25.0 cm3 (of R) (1)
because the total volume for each experiment has to be 60 cm3/the

same/constant (1) – stand alone
If Vtotal is miscalculated, but recognition of same/constant total volume (2 marks)

allow 2nd mark
(Total 17 marks)
4. Read through all of the plan first

P
9 Mix two (or more) pairs (1)
T
9 Record/measure temperature change (1)
If no change (1) pair of acids (1)
Correct identification of alkali 9 i4
If candidate pre-supposes which is which zero (out of 4) here, but marks

for second part are still available.
E
9 Mix equal volumes of each acid and alkali (1)
R
9 Repeat/done with each acid (1) – stand alone
∆
9 Record/measure ∆T (1) – dependent on E9 being awarded
Bigger change is for sulphuric acid (1) – dependent on E9 mark being

awarded
The second four marks are independent of the first four.
If the second part is correctly done 9 4w
(8 marks)
END of GROUP 1
Summer 2006
Materials
Each candidate will require:
(a)* 1 g of a mixture of potassium hydrogencarbonate and potassium nitrate (approximately 50% of
each by mass), labelled M. The identity of this must not be disclosed to candidates;
(b)* 125 cm3 of aqueous ethanedioic acid concentration 0.0450 mol dm–3 labelled Ethanedioic acid
solution S;
(c)* 125 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide concentration 0.10 mol dm–3 labelled Solution P. The
concentration of this must not be disclosed to candidates;
(d)* 100 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide concentration 1.0 mol dm–3 labelled Solution Q;
(e)* 120 cm3 of aqueous sulphuric acid concentration 1.0 mol dm–3 labelled Solution R;
(f) 10 cm3 of limewater;
(g) 2 cm3 of aqueous hydrochloric acid; concentration approximately 1 mol dm–3;
(h) 2 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide; concentration approximately 1 mol dm–3;
(i) aluminium foil, approximately 1 cm square;
(j) red litmus paper;
(k) phenolphthalein indicator;
(l) distilled water.
Summer 2006
Unit 6243/01B Practical Test Group 2
1. (a) yellow (flame) (1)

ALLOW Orange
sodium ion (1)

ALLOW Na+ / Na / sodium (2 marks)
(b) (i) white ppt (1) NOT misty/cloudy

chloride/Cl− (1) ALLOW AgCl/silver chloride
NOT chlorine
ALLOW inference from misty/cloudy (2 marks)
(ii) Add dilute/aq ammonia (1)

ppt dissolves (1)
OR
Leave in UV/ daylight (1)
Goes purple/black (1)
OR
Add conc. sulphuric acid to (solid) N (1)
Steamy/misty/white fumes (1) NOT white smoke
If chlorine given in (i) allow sensible description of ppt dissolving in (2 marks)

dilute/aqueous ammonia.
(c) Melts / bubbles/decomposes (1)

re-lights splint / splint glows more brightly (1) IGNORE “pop”
oxygen / O2 (1)
nitrate / NO3− (1) NOT nitrite
ALLOW chlorate NOT bromate (4 marks)
(Total 10 marks)
Summer 2006

chosen titres.
examiner or supervisor.
Examiner’s titre = 24.65 cm3

[or comparison with Supervisor’s value (International only). Examiner to
write “SR = titre value” on each script]
Difference d = ±0.20 ±0.30 ±0.40 ±0.60 ±0.80 ±1.00 >1.00
Mark 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Summer 2006

±0.20 ±0.30 ±0.50 >0.50
mean / cm3
Mark 3 2 1 0

d= value r = value
6 max
9 9 3 max
(b) (i) 25 x 0.0480 OR 1.20 ×10-3 (mol)

1000
IGNORE SF


titre
(Total 15 marks)
Summer 2006
3. (a) Table 2
Temperatures
Accuracy mark based on corrected (if necessary) subtraction
o o
o o
Exp 3: 8.5 − 9.5 o (2); 7.5 − 10.5 o (1); outside limits (0)
(8 marks)

Outside limits (0)
for each temperature

(3 marks)
(ii) ∆y and ∆x marked OR triangle drawn with ∆V of at least 10 cm3 (1)

∆x fraction

Summer 2006
(iv) 42.5 cm3 (of W) (1)
because the total volume for each experiment has to be 60 cm3/ the
If Vtotal is miscalculated, but recognition of same/constant total volume

allow 2nd mark (2 marks)
(Total 17 marks)
Summer 2006
P
T
If no change (1) pair of acids (1)
Correct identification of alkali 9 i4

E
R
9 Repeat/done with each acid (1) – stand alone
∆
Bigger change is for 2 M HCl (1) – dependent on E9 being awarded
(8 marks)
END of GROUP 2
Summer 2006
Materials
(a)* 1 g of a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium nitrate (approximately 50% of each by mass),
labelled N. The identity of this must not be disclosed to candidates;
(b)* 125 cm3 of aqueous ethanedioic acid concentration 0.0480 mol dm–3 labelled Ethanedioic acid
solution T;
(c)* 125 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide concentration 0.10 mol dm–3 labelled Solution U. The
concentration of this must not be disclosed to candidates;
(d)* 100 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide concentration 1.0 mol dm–3 labelled Solution V;
(e)* 120 cm3 of aqueous sulphuric acid concentration 1.0 mol dm–3 labelled Solution W;
(f) 2 cm3 aqueous nitric acid; concentration approximately 0.5 mol dm–3;
(g) 2 cm3 of aqueous silver nitrate; concentration approximately 0.05 mol dm–3;
(h) phenolphthalein indicator;
(i) distilled water.
Summer 2006
Summer 2006
Unit 6243/01C Practical Test Group 3
1. (a) (i) (Red litmus) turns blue (1)
white ppt (1)
ammonia/NH3 (1)
Ammonium ion (1)
“Group 2 (cation)” OR list of at least two group 2 cations (1) (5 marks)
(ii) white ppt (1) not misty/cloudy but allow inference
sulphate/SO42− (1) allow BaSO4/Barium sulphate IGNORE HSO4− (2 marks)
(iii) white ppt (1)
magnesium / Mg2+ confirmed (1)

Calcium (0)
“Calcium/magnesium” (0) (2 marks)
(b) (NH4)2SO4
OR MgSO4
If both are given BOTH must be correct; no consequential
marking;formula must follow inferences; allow MgSO4 from two ions in
(iii) (1 mark)
(Total 10 marks)
Summer 2006

chosen titres.
supervisor.
Comparison with Supervisor’s titre

[Examiner to write “SR = titre value” on each script]
Difference d = ±0.20 ±0.30 ±0.40 ±0.60 ±0.80 ±1.00 >1.00
Mark 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Summer 2006

±0.20 ±0.30 ±0.50 >0.50
mean / cm3
Mark 3 2 1 0

d= value r = value
6 max
9 9 3 max
(b) (i) 25 x 0.0480 [or conc from centre] OR 1.20 ×10-3 (mol)
1000
IGNORE SF


titre
(Total 15 marks)
Summer 2006
3. (a) Table 2

Outside limits (0)
for each temperature (8 marks)

(3 marks)
3
(ii) ∆y and ∆x marked OR triangle drawn with ∆V of at least 10 cm (1)

∆x fraction

(iv) 37.0 cm3 (of W) (1)
because the total volume for each experiment has to be 60 cm3/ the
If Vtotal is miscalculated, but recognition of same/constant total volume

allow 2nd mark (2 marks)
(Total 17 marks)
Summer 2006
P
T
If no change (1) pair of alkalis (1)
Correct identification of acid 9 i4

E
R
9 Repeat/done with each alkali (1) –
∆
Bigger change is for 2 M KOH (1) – dependent on E9 being awarded
(8 marks)
End of Group 3
Summer 2006
Materials
(a) 0.5 g of a mixture of ammonium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, (approximately 50% of each by
mass), labelled W. The identity of this mixture must not be disclosed to candidates;
(b) 125 cm3 of aqueous sulphuric acid concentration 0.0480 mol dm–3, labelled Solution X;
(c) 125 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide of concentration 0.1 mol dm–3 labelled Solution Y. The
concentration of this solution must not be disclosed to candidates;
(d) 100 cm3 of sulphuric acid of concentration 1.0 mol dm–3 labelled
Solution B;
(e) 100 cm3 of sodium hydroxide of concentration 1.0 mol dm–3 labelled Solution A;
(f) red litmus paper;
(g) phenolphthalein indicator;
(h) distilled water;
(i) 5 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide; concentration 1.0 mol dm–3 for Question 1;
(j) 2 cm3 of aqueous barium chloride; concentration 0.05 mol dm–3;
(k) 2 cm3 of aqueous hydrochloric acid; concentration 1.0 mol dm–3;
(l) 8 cm3 of sodium hydrogencarbonate; concentration 0.5 mol dm–3.
Summer 2006
Unit 6243/02
1 (a) Gas
ammonia/ NH3
Cation
ammonium/ NH4+
If formula given must be correct
Anion
Sulphate / SO42− OR Hydrogen sulphate /HSO4−
Formula of A
(NH4)2SO4 OR NH4HSO4
IGNORE names
ALLOW (NH4)2CO3 or (NH4)2SO3 consequential on anion (4 marks)
(b) Cation
Sodium/ Na+
Gas
Oxygen/ O2
Anion
Cl−/ Chloride NOT chlorine or Cl
Compound B
Sodium chlorate
OR sodium chlorate(III) / (V)/ (VII) ALLOW sodium chlorate(I)
OR NaClO3 / NaClO2 / NaClO4 ALLOW NaClO/ NaOCl
ALLOW correct name or formula for B based on consequential cation,

provided it gives a flame test.
ALLOW correct name or formula for B based on consequential bromide

anion.
(4 marks)
If chlorine given, can still get mark for B.
If both name and formula of B given, they must agree

Total 8 marks
Summer 2006
2 (a) Carbon dioxide
lime water goes cloudy / milky/ white ppt (1)
IGNORE lighted splint extinguished
Sulphur dioxide
(potassium) dichromate((VI))/chromate((VI)) (1)
goes green (1) ALLOW goes blue OR
(potassium) permanganate/ manganate((VII)) (1)
goes colourless (1) (3 marks)
IGNORE any reference to litmus going red
(b) Route I
add solution of any soluble Group II compound (to both) (1)
CO32− white precipitate (1)
HCO3− no precipitate (1)
White precipitate on boiling (1)
Penalise once if an insoluble group II compound is used or solution not
mentioned.
Route II
Use pH detection - pH meter/pH paper/ UI paper/ UI solution/ named indicator
pKin >9 /phenolphthalein (1)
CO32− pH 11-14 or correct colour (1)
HCO3− pH 7-9 or correct colour NOT pH 7 alone (1)
Boil/ heat pH changes to 11-14/ rises/ increases (1)
Max 3 marks routes
Boil/heat (1) NOT warm

CO32− no CO2 (1)
HCO3− correct test for CO2 NOT bubbles (1)
OR pH detection, as for Route II above, and boil (1)

CO32− no change (1)
HCO3− rises NOT changes (1)
Notes
• Allow magnesium ions/calcium ions/barium ions
• If use magnesium/calcium max (3)
• No marks for tests for CO2 with acid
• Addition of any acid followed by tests on this solution (0)
• Addition of acid followed by tests on a fresh solution, IGNORE acid
4 marks)
Total 7 marks
Summer 2006
3 (a) Cannot be weighed as it is a gas
ALLOW “measure” instead of “weigh” (1 mark)
(b) Solution will not be 250 cm3/ will not know exact volume/ standard solutions
contain mols per dm3 of solution. (1 mark)
(c) (i) 2 and 3 (1)
as these are within 0.2 cm3 of each other/ No.1 is too far away from the
others/closest/most similar/concordant/ No. 1 is a rough titration (1)
NOT consistent/better agreement (2 marks)
(ii) 30.4(0) (cm 3)

consequential on part (i) (1 mark)
(iii) 25.00 x 0.0500 = 1.25 x10-3 (mol)

1000 (1 mark)
(iv) 2 x (iii) (1 mark)
(v) Value from (iv) x 1000 / mean titre from (ii) (1)
[Should be 2.5 x 10-3 x 1000 / 30.40]
= 0.0822 mol dm-3 (1) – value, units and 3 sig figs (2 marks)
NOTE
• the value must be reasonable ie between 0.01 and 0.1
• if ‘1000’ omitted in parts (iii) and (v), penalise once only
Total 9 marks
Summer 2006
4 (a) To make sure the decomposition/ reaction is complete / all the carbon dioxide
has been given off.
Reference to burning (0) (1 mark)
NOT “maximum CO2”
IGNORE significant figures in (b) and (c)
(b) (i) 2.2(0) (g) (1 mark)
(ii) 2.20 = 0.05(00) mark is for ÷ 44

44 (1 mark)
(iii) 0.05(00) (1 mark)
(iv) 5.75 (1) = 115 (g mol-1) (1 mark)

0.0500
(v) 115 - (12 + 48) = 55

Consequential BUT answer must be sensible (1 mark)
(c) (i) Molar mass error = 115 x 0.91 = (±) 1(.05) (1)
100
Consequential on (b)(iv)
ALLOW a range of 2 x error (1 mark)
(ii) 114 to 116

Consequential on (i) (1 mark)
(iii) 54 to 56
Consequential on (ii) (1 mark)
(iv) “Could be Mn or Fe”

Consequential on (iii)
MUST be metals and must give all possible in range (1 mark)
Total 10 marks
Summer 2006
5 (a) C=C / carbon carbon double bond (1)
ALLOW alkene
NOT just “double bond”
-OH/ hydroxyl/ OH (1)

NOT hydroxide
NOT OH−
NOT alcohol (2 marks)
(b) Isomers of C4H8O – these could be

Unsaturated alcohols
butanal or methylpropanal
butanone
Saturated cyclic alcohols
Unsaturated ethers
ALLOW cis-trans isomers
Any carbon carbon double bonds must be shown
NOTE penalise skeletal formulae with no H atoms once only

(2 marks)
Total 4 marks
Summer 2006
6 (a) (i) To act as solvent/allow mixing /to dissolve halogenoalkanes/ increase (1 mark)
miscibility
(ii) It makes sure all solutions are the same temperature / heated equally
(1 mark)
(iii) Too slow at room temp

OR High activation energy
OR (covalent) bond (energy) too strong to break at room temperature
NOT to increase rate of reaction
(1 mark)
(b) Chlorine/ chloride: white, bromine/ bromide: cream

and iodine/ iodide: yellow(1)
Add ammonia (1)
Cl: ppt soluble in dil ammonia

Br: ppt soluble in conc ammonia ALLOW partial in dilute (1) (3 marks)
I: ppt insoluble in conc ammonia
(c) Use equal amounts (1)
OR 1-bromo-2-methylpropane,
AND 2-bromobutane,
AND 2-bromo-2-methylpropane (1) – stand alone
ALLOW names or structures

IGNORE incorrect names if structures are correct
at 60 OC / heat to same temp (between 40 and 75oC) (1)
add (equal volume of) silver nitrate(solution) to each (1)
observe time for ppt to be produced / order in which ppts form (1)
Shortest time equivalent to fastest rate/vice versa (1)
If add NaOH, only first 3 marks available (6 marks)
If use KMnO4/K2CrO4/K2Cr2O7 allow halogenoalkane names mark only
IGNORE statements of the expected result even if wrong
Total 12 marks
Summer 2006
Unit 6244/01
1. (a) (i) 2Al + 3Cl2 → Al2Cl6
NOT AlCl3
(ii) covalent (1)

ALLOW polar covalent
NOT giant covalent
NOT partially covalent
dative (covalent)/co-ordinate (1) (2 marks)

(b) (i) SiCl4 + 2H2O → SiO2 + 4HCl
ALLOW SiCl4 + 4H2O → Si(OH)4 + 4HCl
ALLOW SiCl4 + 4H2O → H4 SiO4 + 4HCl
ALLOW SiCl4 + 3H2O → H2 SiO3 + 4HCl (1 mark)
(ii) Fume cupboard (1)

as HCl is irritant/harmful (1) NOT consequential on (b)(i)
OR
use small quantities/add slowly/with cooling (1)
due to (highly) exothermic reaction (1)
NOT “vigorous”
These marks are freestanding within the answer pairs (2 marks)
(c) (i) Tetrahedral/tetrahedron/triangular (based) pyramid

NOT pyramid (1 mark)
(ii) lone pair on oxygen in water (1)

ALLOW omission of oxygen or water
THEN
Either
cannot attack C atom (1)
because C atom too small / Cl atom too large (1)
OR
C (atom) has no low energy d/2d orbitals (1)
ALLOW “no available d orbitals”
So cannot form (dative covalent) bond (1)
OR
C (atom) has no low energy d/2d orbitals (1)
ALLOW “no available d orbitals”
C-Cl broken first (1)
If “no 3d orbitals” 2 max (3 marks)
Summer 2006
(d) oxidising (agent)/oxidant/can be reduced (1 mark)
(e) tin is more stable in +4 than +2 oxidation state (1)

MUST have comparison
so Sn(IV) does not oxidise Cl−/HCl

OR Sn(IV) not oxidising
OR Sn(IV) not reduced (by Cl−/HCl)
OR SnO2 reacts as a base (1)
(therefore reaction II)
ALLOW ions
OR
(reaction I does not work) because Sn(IV) more stable than Sn(II) (1)
because energy required to promote (s) electrons is less than energy gained from
bond formation (1)
If “reaction I more likely” (0) (2 marks)
Total 13 marks
Summer 2006
2 (a) (i) CHI3
IGNORE correct name (1 mark)
(ii) methyl ketone / CH3CO- (1)

if also include CH3CH(OH) OR ethanol OR ethanal then (0) (1 mark)
(iii) structure: (double bond must be shown)

O
(CH3)2CHC
CH3
(1)
methylbutanone
OR 3-methylbutan(-2-)one (1) ALLOW 2-methylbutan(-3-)one (2 marks)
Name only scores on a correct structure NOT consequential on structure
(b) (i) aldehyde(s)

IGNORE carbonyl (1 mark)
(ii) copper(I) oxide/Cu2O /cuprous oxide

NOT copper oxide (1 mark)
(c) any strong acid

ALLOW HCl/conc H2SO4 NOT hydrogen chloride
ACCEPT name or formula
If other reagents with the acid eg K2Cr2O7 (0) (1 mark)
(d) (i) effervescence/fizzing/bubbles NOT gas evolved

NOT CO2 evolved
OR
solid dissolves/disappears NOT solution formed (1 mark)
(ii) CH3(CH2)3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3(CH2)3COONa + H2O + CO2

correct formula of pentanoic acid (1)
balanced equation (1)
ALLOW CH3(CH2)3CO2H and CH3(CH2)3CO2Na

ALLOW –COO−Na+ but not ⎯ O ⎯ Na
RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + H2O + CO2 - Scores 2nd mark IGNORE R

OR R.COOH + HCO3¯ → RCOO¯ + H2O + CO2
(2 marks)
Total 10 marks
Summer 2006
3 (a) (i) - lg (0.05) = 1.3(0)
IGNORE sig figs from this point on in this question (1 mark)
(ii) [OH−] = 1 x10-14 / 0.05 = 2 x10-13 (mol dm-3)

OR via pOH
Correct answer with no working (1) (1 mark)
(b) (i) Ka = [H2PO4−][H3O+]/[H3PO4]

NOT using H+ instead of H3O+ (1 mark)
(ii) [H3O+] = 10-1.20

= 0.063 (mol dm-3) (1)
Ka = 0.0632 NOT consequential on (b)(i)

0.500 – 0.063 (1)
= 9.08 x10-3 (1) mol dm-3 (1)
= 9.11 x10-3 if [H3O+] not rounded
ALLOW
Ka = 0.0632 (1)
0.500
= 7.94 x10-3 (1) mol dm-3 (1)
= 7.96 x 10-3 if [H3O+] not rounded
ALLOW consequential marking on numerical errors

Correct answer with units and some working (4)
(4 marks)
(c) (i) Assign the terms ‘acid/base’ (1)

link the pairs (1) (2 marks)
(ii) presence of H+ from the first dissociation keeps equilibrium to left

/suppresses ionisation (1 mark)
(d) Bromocresol green (1)
pKin/range/colour change (of indicator) lies in vertical section

OR
For alternative indicators pKin/range/colour change (of indicator) lie outside
vertical section (1) (2 marks)
Total 12 marks
Summer 2006
4 (a) (i) enthalpy/heat/energy change/produced [NOT “required”] when one
mole of gaseous ions (1)
are dissolved in excess water/ to infinite dilution (1) (2 marks)
(ii) Bonds formed / attraction between (1)
cation and δ- O/lone pair (in water)

OR anion and δ+ H (in water) (1)
If bond between anion and cation (0) (2 marks)
(b) as magnesium has a much smaller ion (than barium ion) (1)
and has same charge OR charge shown (1)
so stronger attraction between ions (1)

ALLOW stronger bonds between ions
“charge density” scores 1 (out of first 2 marks)

IGNORE references to polarisation and covalency of the ions (3 marks)
(c) (i) cycle:

for each labelled arrow joining correct species.
Lattice Energy
Mg(OH) 2(s) Mg2+(g) (+) 2OH−(g)
∆Hsolution
∆Hhydration
Mg2+(aq) (+) 2OH-(aq)
Species and stoichiometry (1)

State symbols (1)
Labels appropriate to direction of arrows (1) ALLOW numerical values (3 marks)
ALLOW cycles using −LE
(ii) ∆Hsolution = − LE + ∑∆Hhydration OR numbers (1)
+5 kJ mol-1 (1)
Consequential on candidate’s cycle eg
calculation from cycle with one OH− giving +555 kJ mol-1 (2)
BUT correct answer with working (2) even if the (c)(i) cycle is wrong
(2 marks)
Summer 2006
(d) Calculation of ∆Hsolution of Ba(OH)2 as -55 kJ mol-1
OR
LE down by 675 but ∆Hhydration down by 615
ALLOW LE down but ∆Hhydration down by less (1)
∴ ∆Hsolution is more exothermic (1)
∴ solubility is greater (1)
2nd mark dependent on 1st

3rd mark dependent on 2nd (3 marks)
ALLOW consequential marking if ∆Hsolution less exothermic
Total 15 marks
Summer 2006
5. (a) (i) chiral carbon marked as one to right of −C6H4− (1 mark)
(ii) Has non-superimposable mirror images

OR no plane/centre of symmetry
NOT four different groups about the C atom on its own
NOT asymmetric C atom (1 mark
(b) rotate (the) plane (of plane) polarised (monochromatic) light (1)
(equally) in opposite directions (1)
OR
pass polarised light through sample (1)
rotate the plane (equally) in opposite directions (1) (2 marks)
(c) (i) PCl5 /PCl3 /SOCl2 OR names (1)
phosphorus(V) oxide /pentoxide /P4O10/P2O5 (1) (2 marks)
(ii) Nucleophilic substitution (1 mark)
(d) bromine (1) NOT bromine water

(aqueous) sodium hydroxide/ potassium hydroxide (1)
OR
LiAlH4 (1) then acid/water (1)
OR
H2 (1) Ni/Pt/Pd (1)
OR
Na (1) ethanol (1)
2nd reagent depends on the 1st

Incorrect 2nd reagent negates 1st mark (2 marks)
(e) (i) O O
R C OCH2CH3 / R C OC2H5
Double bond must be shown (1 mark)
Full structural formula must have H’s
(ii) reaction with A is faster/does not need a catalyst/does not need heating
(1)
and gives higher yield/not reversible/not equilibrium/goes to completion

(1) (2 marks)
Summer 2006
(f) Any named strong acid solution (1)
ALLOW formulae with indication of state
NOT (conc) H2SO4
NOT sulphuric acid
heat under reflux (1) – NOT stand alone but can score if (conc) H2SO4 given as
the acid
ALLOW “heat/reflux”
OR
Any named strong aqueous alkali (heat) (1)
ALLOW formulae with indication of state
Then add named strong acid (1)

(2 marks)
ALLOW formulae
Total 14 marks
Summer 2006
6. (a) Kc = [H2]2 [S2]
[H2S]2
MUST be square brackets (1 mark)
(b) H2S H2 S2
Number of moles at equilibrium (0.350) 0.150 0.075
(1) (1)
Concentration 0.0175 0.0075 0.00375
(1)
ie ÷ 20
Kc = [0.0075]2[0.00375]
[0.0175]2
= 6.9 x 10-4 (1) award only if concentration used mol dm-3 (1)
ALLOW consequential marking on (a) and numerical errors

PENALISE anything other than 2SF in final answer (5 marks)
Units consequential on the Kc expression used
(c) Kc does not change (1)
Change in pressure increases value of numerator more than denominator/quotient

bigger, so no longer at equilibrium (1)
ALLOW fewer (gas) molecules on LHS
Equilibrium shifts to restore equality (of quotient) with Kc

OR Equilibrium shifts to LHS (1)
If Kc changes max 1 (3 marks)
(d) (i) no change (1 mark)
(ii) Increases (1 mark)

If reason given, must be correct
Total 11 marks
Total for paper 75 Marks
Summer 2006
Summer 2006
Unit 6245/01
1. (a) (i) Yellow/orange precipitate (allow red/any shades of red) (1 mark)
(ii) NO2
H H H H
C C C N N N O2
H
H
C N (1)
H
C N Must be formed by C atom

(2 marks)
from the C = O group
rest of molecule correct (1)
(b) Hydrogen nuclei OR hydrogen atoms OR hydrogen(s) OR protons (1)
in (three) different environments (may be shown by diagram) (1)
Ratio 2:1:1 (1) (3 marks)

Any reference to fragments or bonds scores zero
Summer 2006
(c) (i) EITHER
(1) O (:)
H2C CH
C O CH2 CH C CN
(1) for intermediate
H
H
(1) (: )CN
(1)
O (:) OH
H CN
CH2 CH C CN CH2 CH C CN
H H
+ (:) CN
Lone pairs not essential.

Arrow may start from minus of O
• The intermediate is not consequential on their first step

• The minus of the cyanide ion can be on either the C or the N
• The arrow can start from the minus of –CN in step 1 (but not from
the minus of CN-) and can start from the minus of O- in step 2
• The arrow from the bond must not go past the O atom
• Lone pairs not essential
• Single step addition of HCN scores zero
• Autoionisation of C=O can only score the last two marks
ie max 2
Summer 2006
OR
(1)
O(:)
H2C CH
C O CH 2 CH C CN
H (1) for intermediate

H
(1) (:)CN
(1)
O (:) OH
H
CH 2 CH C CN CH 2 CH C CN
H H
• The intermediate is not consequential on their first step

• The minus of the cyanide ion can be on either the C or the N
(4 marks)
• The arrow can start from the minus of –CN in step 1 (but not from
the minus of CN-) and can start from the minus of O- in step 2
• The arrow from the bond must not go past the O atom
• Lone pairs not essential
• Single step addition of HCN scores zero
• Autoionisation of C=O can only score the last two marks
ie max 2
(ii) Nucleophilic addition (1 mark)

Stand alone
(d) (i) H H H H
O O
H C C C H C C C
H
(δ+) H
H
H (1) for intermediate
(δ-)
Br (:) Br
(1) for both arrows
H H H H
O O
H C C C H C C C
H
H H H Br (3 marks)
(:) Br
(1) for arrow
Note: If Br is on the wrong carbon atom, only third mark available
(ii) Electrophilic addition (1 mark)

Stand alone
Summer 2006
(e) • C = O is a polar bond OR O more electronegative than C (1)
QWC*
• C = C has high electron density OR C = C is electron rich (1)
IGNORE “C=C is non-polar” and references to ∏ bond
• Cδ+ can be attacked by a nucleophile OR (C in) C = O can be attacked by

nucleophile
OR C = C attacked by electrophile (1) (3 marks)
Total for question: 18 marks
Summer 2006
2 (a) 3d 4s
[ Ar ]
↿ ↿ (1)
3d 4s
[ Ar ]
↿ ↿ (1) (2 marks)
Allow instead of ↿ and instead of ⇂
(b) Forms ion(s) which have a partially OR an incompletely filled d-(sub)shell OR d- (1 mark)
orbital(s)
(c) (i) Dative (covalent) OR co-ordinate (1)
Covalent (1) (2 marks)
(ii) [ Ni ( H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ + 2 NH 3 → [ Ni (OH ) 2 ( H 2 O) 4 ] + 2 NH 4+
OR
[ Ni ( H 2 O ) 6 ] 2+ + 2 NH 3 → Ni (OH ) 2 + 4 H 2 O + 2 NH 4+
OR
[ Ni ( H 2 O ) 6 ] 2 + + 2OH − → [ Ni (OH ) 2 ( H 2 O ) 4 ] + 2 H 2 O
OR
[ Ni ( H 2 O ) 6 ] 2 + + 2OH − → Ni (OH ) 2 + 6 H 2 O
IGNORE missing square brackets in any formula
+
(iii) H removed (by NH3 OR OH-)(1)
From (H2O) ligands (1) (2 marks)

NOT just from “complex”
(iv) Ligand exchange
OR ligand replacement (1 mark)
OR ligand substitution
(v) [ Ni (OH ) 2 ( H 2 O ) 4 ] + 6 NH 3 → [ Ni ( NH 3 ) 6 ] 2 + + 2OH − + 4 H 2 O
OR
Ni (OH ) 2 + 6 NH 3 → [ Ni ( NH 3 ) 6 ] 2 + + 2OH −
Allow formation of [ Ni ( NH 3 ) 4 ]2 + OR [ Ni ( NH 3 ) 4 ( H 2 O) 2 ] 2 +
cation formed (1)
balancing equation (1) (2 marks)
Summer 2006
(d) d-orbitals split (in energy) by ligands (1)
QWC* ALLOW d-sublevel
absorbs light (in visible region) (1)

NOT “uv light”
electron is promoted OR electron moves to a higher energy level (1) (3 marks)
Any mention of emission of light can only score 1st mark
Summer 2006
3 (a) Rate of decrease OR rate of change in concentration of reactants
OR rate of increase OR rate of change in concentration of products.
OR change in concentration of reactants with time OR change in
concentration of products with time (1)
NOT just ‘amount’
Sum of the powers to which the concentrations are raised in the rate
equation OR number of species involved in (up to and including) the rate
determining step OR sum of partial orders if illustrated with a general rate
equation (1)
‘Sum of the partial orders’ alone does not score. (2 marks)
(b) (i) Both orders correct (1)
EITHER
Expt 1 + 3: double [A], doubles rate so order 1 (1)
Expt 1 + 2: double [B], four x rate so order 2 (1)
OR
Double [A] keeping [B] constant doubles rate so order 1 (1)
Double [B] keeping [A] constant four x rate so order 2 (1) (3 marks)
Omission of experiment number or keeping a concentration constant to be
penalised ONCE only (1)
(ii) Rate = k [A] [B]2.
Mark consequentially on (i) (1 mark)
(iii) k = rate = 0.00200

[A] [B]2 0.100 x (0.100)2
= 2(.00) (1) mol-2 dm6 min-1 (1)
Consequential on their rate equation in (ii)

Use of experiment 2 or experiment 3 can score max (1) (2 marks)
Summer 2006
(iv)
}
A + B → AB
rds
AB + B → AB2 (1) for first two equations
fast
AB2 + B → AB3 (1)
OR
B + B → B2
rds
A + B2 → AB2
} (1) for first two equations
fast
AB2 + B → AB3 (1)
OR
slow / rds
A + 2 B → AB2 (1)
fast
AB2 + B → AB3 (1)
(3 marks)
Identifying slow(est) OR rate determining step by appropriate
notation (1)
SN1 or SN2 scores zero
Summer 2006
(c) (i) 1 10 3 −1
x
T K
3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3
-2.0
-3.0
log10 k
-4.0
-5.0
(2 marks)
All points plotted accurately (1)

with best-fit straight line drawn (1)
(ii)
− 4.25 − (−3.10)
Gradient eg =
0.00330 − 0.00310
− 1.15
=
0.00020
= -5750 (K) (1)
ALLOW = -5450 to -6050 (K) but MUST have a negative sign
ALLOW if gradient is left as a correct fraction such as -1.15
0.00020
Ea = (+)5750 x 2.30 x 8.31

= (+)110 kJ mol-1 / (+) 110000 J mol-1 (1)
ALLOW = (+)104 to (+)116 kJ mol-1
(2 marks)
IGNORE S.F.
nd
(2 mark consequential on gradient, but value of Ea must be in correct
units)
Summer 2006
4 (a) (i) White precipitate OR white suspension OR white solid
(1 mark)
(ii)
2,4,6-tribromophenol (1)
rest of equation if for formation of a tribromophenol (1)
(2 marks)
C 6 H 5 OH + 3Br2 → C 6 H 2 Br3 OH + 3HBr scores (1)
(iii)
O
O C (1 mark)
CH3
C = O in ester must be shown

(iv) C (atom) is (very) δ+ because Cl highly electronegative OR Cl electron
withdrawing (1)
IGNORE references to oxygen
(so C atom) susceptible to nucleophilic attack OR (so C atom) strongly

electrophilic (1) (2 marks)
IGNORE references to activation energy
(b) Sn and conc hydrochloric acid (accept conc HCl) OR Fe and conc hydrochloric (1 mark)
acid (accept conc HCl)
IGNORE any references to NaOH
IGNORE references to Fe or Sn as a catalyst
(c) (i) • Sodium nitrite OR NaNO2 OR sodium nitrate(III) (1)
NOT JUST HNO2
• Hydrochloric acid OR dilute sulphuric acid OR aqueous sulphuric
acid
ACCEPT HCl if qualified. Do not accept conc. sulphuric acid (2 marks)
Only award the hydrochloric acid mark if NaNO2 or KNO2 or HNO2 given as
co-reagent
(ii) Below 0°C : reaction too slow (1)
Above 5°C : product decomposes OR diazonium ion decomposes (1) (2 marks)

NOT HNO2 decomposes
(iii)
OR -O-
instead of (1 mark)
–OH group
Summer 2006
(iv) Dissolve in minimum volume of boiling solvent OR dissolve in minimum
volume of hot solvent(1)
QWC* NOT JUST “small volume”
[ALLOW any specified solvent including water]
Filter hot OR filter through heated funnel (1)
Cool or leave to crystallise (1) (5 marks)
Filter (under suction) (1)
Wash solid with cold solvent (and leave to dry)
OR wash solid with small volume of solvent (and leave to dry) (1)
Summer 2006
5 (a) (i) EITHER
∆Eθ = (+) 0.15 (V) OR Eθ (MnO4-/ Mn2+) more positive or greater than Eθ
-
(Cl2/ Cl ); accept reverse argument (1)
(so) MnO4- reacts with Cl- OR Cl- ions form Cl2
OR KMnO4 reacts with HCl (1)
OR
2MnO4 - + 16H+ + 10Cl- →- 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Cl2 (1)
Eθ = (+) 0.15(V) (1)
(2 marks)
(ii) stated colour change of colourless to (pale) pink NOT purple OR stays (pale)
pink
OR pink to colourless
OR first excess of (coloured) manganate((VII))
IGNORE “self-indicating” (1 mark)
IGNORE references to Mn2+
(b) (i) (Multiply iron half-equation by five to) cancel out electrons OR balance
electrons (1 mark)
(ii)
−
Moles MnO4 = 0.0200 x 20.10
1000
−
= 0.000402 mol MnO4 (1)
2+
Moles Fe per 25.0 cm3 = 5 x 0.000402
2+
= 0.00201 mol Fe (1)
200 2+
Moles Fe2+ per 200 cm3 = 0.00201 x mol Fe
25
2+
= 0.01608 mol Fe (1)
Mass of FeSO4 . 7H2O = 0.01608 x 278

= 4.47g or via concentrations (1)
Percentage purity = 4.47 x 100%

6.00
= 74.5% (1) ALLOW 74.7% / 75%
Correct answer + working (5)

ALLOW 2 or more sig figs
If start by dividing 6.00 , and final answer is incorrect, candidate can
278 access first three marks only. (5 marks)
If third step omitted, answer 9.3% OR 9.33% OR 9.4%
Summer 2006
(c) (i) Eθ = + 1.46 - ( - 0.13) = ( + ) 1.59 (V) (1 mark)
Correct answer alone (1)
(ii) PbSO4 precipitated (1)

[H+(aq)] not 1 mol dm-3 (1) any one of
[Pb2+ (aq)] not 1 mol dm-3 (1) these
the conditions (in the car battery) are not standard (1) (1 mark)
“ temperature non-standard” alone or “not 1 atm pressure” alone does not
score
Summer 2006
Summer 2006
Unit 6246/01A Practical Test Group 1
1 (a) Observation Inference
any green (solution) (1) transition metal ion/compound
OR
any two from:
Nickel/chromium(III)/copper/iron(II)/vanadium(III) ion/compound (1)
ACCEPT words or formulae

(2 marks)
(b) Observations Inferences

2+
Any green precipitate (1) Fe(OH)2 /iron(II) hydroxide /Fe /iron(II) ions (1)
Insoluble in excess (1) Oxidised (1) – dependent on 1st inference mark
Any brown precipitate (1) Fe3+ /Fe(OH)3 /iron(III) hydroxide/iron(III) ions (1)
MUST be on addition of H2O2

NOT aerial oxidation
(6 marks)
(c) Observations Inference

white ONLY precipitate (1) Sulphate/SO42−/BaSO4/barium sulphate (1)
IGNORE HSO4−
insoluble in acid/HCl If word and formula given, both must be correct
OR no change in acid/HCl (1)
Inference must follow any coloured ppt and insoluble in acid /HCl observation
If a near miss for 2nd observation mark eg “did not dissolve”, inference mark may
be allowed
If “soluble in acid” (0), any inference (0)

(3 marks)
(d) FeSO4 / FeSO4.7H2O – NOT stand alone, there must be a logical progression from inferences (1 mark)
Summer 2006
(e) Observations Inference
Any white precipitate (1) Chloride / Cl−/ AgCl (1) – both observations needed to get this mark
NOT “cream” on its own
Soluble in ammonia/colourless solution (1)
(3 marks)
(f) Observation Inference

+
Lilac/mauve (1) K /potassium ion /potassium / K (1)
ALLOW purple
(2 marks)
(g) KCl (1 mark)
Total 18 marks
Summer 2006
2. (a) Observation Inference
Yellow/orange precipitate (1) Carbonyl / C=O / both “aldehyde and ketone” (1)
(2 marks)
(b) Observation Inference
Any red precipitate (1) Aldehyde / CHO / “not ketone” (1)
If no red ppt/no change as observation, ALLOW inferences ketone/“not

aldehyde”
(2 marks)
(c) m/e value of molecular ion Structural formula
H H
58 (1) CH3CH2C C2H5C
O O
(1)
IGNORE any +ve charge, BUT a −ve charge (0)
ALL Hs must be shown
If ketone inferences in (b) credit propanone structure
(2 marks)
(d) Observation Inferences
Fruity/sweet/glue smell /any nail varnish (1) Ester (1)

NOT pungent (D is an) alcohol (1)
(3 marks)
Summer 2006
(e) Observation Inferences
(Orange to) green/blue-green/blue/brown (1) Redox /oxidation/Cr2O72− is reduced
NOT just “reduction” (1)
“Primary or secondary”/ “1o or 2o”/◦ “not tertiary” (alcohol) (1)

NOT Aldehyde
(3 marks)
(f) (i) Structures (not necessarily full structural)
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (1) CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 (1)

ALLOW C2H5 NOT C3H7
N.B Missing carbon Hs should only be penalised once (ie either here or in (c)) (2 marks)
(ii) Iodine + sodium hydroxide (solutions)

OR
potassium iodide + NaOCl
OR
Acidified dichromate ions/acidified potassium dichromate/H++Cr2O72− then Fehlings or
Tollens or
Ammoniacal AgNO3 or
Test for acidity or
2,4-DNP
OR
(Lucas test) Concentrated HCl + ZnCl2 (1 mark)
Summer 2006
(iii) Yellow precipitate with butan-2-ol isomer (1)
No precipitate / No change with butan-1-ol isomer (1)
OR
Correct results from Fehlings/Tollens/test for acidity/2,4-DNP
OR
(From Lucas test) butan-2-ol goes cloudy first/quickly, butan-1-ol goes cloudy slowly/no cloudiness
ALLOW observation marks for “near-miss” reagents in (ii) eg “iodoform test”, no “acidified”, no “then” (2 marks
(Total 17 marks)
Summer 2006
3. (a) E is ethyl ethanoate: boiling point confirmed as 77 oC
For both temperatures within 2 oC of each other (2) within 3 oC (1) IGNORE decimal points here
[Put the ticks above Table 1]
For either temperature 77 ± 1 oC (2) 77 ± 2 oC (1)

[Put the ticks below the temperature used for accuracy mark]
International Centres – Comparison with Supervisor’s mean temperature

then ± 1 oC (2) ± 2 oC (1)
Write mean used for comparison on script “S = …..” near Table 2 (4 marks)
(b) (i) Identifying E as the ester with Table 2 boiling temperature closest to mean of candidate’s recorded temperatures.
[Mean of candidate’s rising and falling temperatures, calculated by examiner, and recorded to 1 dp next to Table 2]
(1 mark)
(ii) Boiling temperatures are too close together (1 mark)
(c) Reason (1) Consequential improvement (1)
Temp of liquid may not be same as temp of water Place thermometer directly in E /cool down more slowly
Inaccurate thermometer Replace by more accurate thermometer / digital
thermometer
“Not enough temperature control”/heating too rapid Repeat to obtain a second pair of readings
IGNORE “impurities”
IGNORE “hard to judge bubbles”
IGNORE “hard to read thermometer”
IGNORE “distillation” (2 marks)
(Total 8 marks)
Summer 2006
4. (a) Alternative for 1st three marks
Add NaOH to each unknown (1) Clear explanation of mixing in pairs (there are three
combinations eg A+B, A+C, B+C) (1)
NOT assumption of identities
AlCl3 and ZnCl2 both form white precipitates (1) Two pairs will give a ppt, one pair will not (1)
NH3 gives no precipitate (1) NH3 identified with reason (1)
Add excess NH3 to both AlCl3 and ZnCl2 /to precipitates(1)
Zn precipitate dissolves in NH3

OR Al precipitate does not dissolve in NH3 (1)
If tested for NH3 by smell (0) or if assumed NH3 then may award final 2 marks
IGNORE formulae throughout (5 marks)
(b) Add excess NH3 (1) (2 marks)

Filter/centrifuge off precipitate (1) (of Al(OH)3)
Total 7 marks
END of 6246/01A
Summer 2006
Materials
(a)* 1.0 g of hydrated iron(II) sulphate, FeSO4.7H2O, in a stoppered specimen tube labelled A. The
identity of this compound is not to be disclosed to candidates;
(b)* 1.0 g of potassium chloride, KCl, in a stoppered specimen tube labelled B. The identity of this
compound is not to be disclosed to candidates;
(c)* 3 cm3 of propanal in a stoppered test tube labelled C. The identity of this compound is not to be
disclosed to candidates;
(d)* 3 cm3 of butan-1-ol in a stoppered test tube labelled D. The identity of this compound is not to
be disclosed to candidates;
(e)* 1 cm3 of ethanoic acid in a stoppered test tube labelled ethanoic acid;
(f)* 1 cm3 of ethyl ethanoate in a stoppered ignition tube labelled E. The identity of this compound is
not to be disclosed to candidates;
(g) 5 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide; concentration approximately 0.5 mol dm–3;
(h) 2 cm3 of aqueous nitric acid; concentration approximately 2.0 mol dm–3;
(i) 5 cm3 of aqueous ammonia; concentration approximately 2.0 mol dm–3;
(j) 5cm3 of aqueous hydrochloric acid; concentration approximately 2.0 mol dm–3;
(k) 5 cm3 of aqueous sulphuric acid; concentration approximately 1.0 mol dm–3;
(l) 5 cm3 of aqueous barium chloride; concentration approximately 0.2 mol dm–3;
(m) 2 cm3 of aqueous silver nitrate; concentration approximately 0.05 mol dm–3;
(n) 3 cm3 of approximately 10 vol aqueous hydrogen peroxide;
(o) 5 cm3 of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution. This may be prepared by adding 0.1 g of the solid
reagent to a mixture of 45 cm3 of water and 5 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid, stirring and
filtering if necessary. Alternatively, centres may prepare this reagent using their own procedure
providing the reagent gives a positive result with propanal;
Summer 2006
Unit 6246/01B Practical Test Group 2

2+
red/pink (solution) (1) Cobalt compound/ Co
OR transition metal ion/compound (1)
IGNORE Mn2+
(2 marks)
(b) Observations Inference

Any blue precipitate (1) Co(OH)2 / cobalt(II) compound / Co2+ (1)
turns pink/red (1)
(3 marks)
(c) Observations Inference

IGNORE HSO4−
Inference must follow any coloured ppt and insoluble in acid /HCl observation
If a near miss for 2nd observation mark eg “did not dissolve”, inference mark may be
allowed
If “soluble in acid” (0), any inference (0)
(3 marks)
(d) CoSO4 / CoSO4 .7H2O – NOT stand alone, there must be a logical progression from inferences
(1 mark)
Summer 2006
(e) Observation Inference
Any yellow precipitate (1) Iodide/I−/AgI (1)
NOT “white” on its own OR
“Iodide/I−/AgI or bromide/Br−/AgBr” – BUT must follow correct “mixed” observation
(2 marks)
(f) Observations Inferences

Yellow/any brown solution (1) (I−) oxidised (1) to
IGNORE precipitate Iodine / I2 (1)
OR
Blue/black/blue-black (1) 2I− → I2 + 2e− (2)
(4 marks)
(g) Observation Inference
Yellow (1) Na+ /sodium ion /sodium /Na (1)

ALLOW orange
(2 marks)
(h) NaI (1 mark)
Total 18 marks
Summer 2006
(2 marks)
Silver mirror/black precipitate (1) Aldehyde / CHO / “not ketone” (1)
If no silver mirror/black ppt/no change as observation, ALLOW inferences

ketone/“not aldehyde”
(2 marks)
H H
O O
(1)
If ketone inferences in (b) credit propanone structure
(2 marks)

NOT pungent (J is an) alcohol (1)
(3 marks)
Summer 2006
(Orange to) green/blue-green/blue/brown (1) Redox /oxidation/Cr2O72− is reduced
NOT just “reduction” (1)
“Primary or secondary”/ “1o or 2o”/◦ “not tertiary” (alcohol) (1)

NOT Aldehyde
(3 marks)
(f) (i) Structures (not necessarily full structural)
CH3CH2CH2OH (1) CH3CH(OH)CH3 (1)

ALLOW C2H5 NOT C3H7
N.B Missing carbon Hs should only be penalised once (ie either here or in (c)) (2 marks)
(ii) Iodine + sodium hydroxide (solutions)

OR
potassium iodide + NaOCl
OR
Acidified dichromate ions/acidified potassium dichromate/H++Cr2O72− then Fehlings or
Tollens or
Ammoniacal AgNO3 or
Test for acidity or
2,4-DNP
OR
(Lucas test) Concentrated HCl + ZnCl2 (1 mark)
Summer 2006
(iii) Yellow precipitate with propan-2-ol isomer (1)
No precipitate / No change with propan-1-ol isomer (1)
OR
Correct results from Fehlings/Tollens/test for acidity/2,4-DNP
OR
(From Lucas test) propan-2-ol goes cloudy first/quickly, propan-1-ol goes cloudy slowly/no cloudiness
ALLOW observation marks for “near-miss” reagents in (ii) eg “iodoform test”, no “acidified”, no “then” (2 marks
(Total 17 marks)
Summer 2006
3. (a) K is methyl propanoate: boiling point confirmed as 79 oC
For either temperature 79 ± 1 oC (2) 79 ± 2 oC (1)

[Put the ticks below the temperature used for accuracy mark]
International Centres – Comparison with Supervisor’s mean temperature (check questionnaire)

then ± 1 oC (2) ± 2 oC (1)
(b) (i) Identifying K as the ester with Table 2 boiling temperature closest to mean of candidate’s recorded temperatures.
[Mean of candidate’s rising and falling temperatures, calculated by examiner, and recorded to 1 dp next to Table 2]
(1 mark)
(c) Reason (1) Consequential improvement (1)
Temp of liquid may not be same as temp of water Place thermometer directly in K /cool down more slowly
Inaccurate thermometer Replace by more accurate thermometer / digital
thermometer
“Not enough temperature control”/heating too rapid Repeat to obtain a second pair of readings
(Total 8 marks)
Summer 2006
4. (a) Alternative for 1st three marks
Add NaCl to each unknown (1) Clear explanation of mixing in pairs (there are three
combinations eg A+B, A+C, B+C) (1)
NOT assumption of identities
AgNO3 and Pb(NO3)2 both form white precipitates (1) Two pairs will give a ppt, one pair will not (1)
NH3 gives no precipitate (1) NH3 identified with reason(1)
Add NH3 to both precipitates/add excess NH3 to both solutions (1)
Ag precipitate dissolves in NH3

OR Pb precipitate does not dissolve in NH3 (1)
If tested for NH3 by smell (0) or if assumed NH3 then may award final 2 marks (5 marks)
IGNORE formulae throughout
(b) Add NaCl followed by NH3 (1)

Filter/centrifuge off precipitate (1) (of PbCl2)
OR
add excess ammonia (1) (2 marks)
Filter/centrifuge off precipitate (1) (of Pb(OH)2)
Total 7 marks
End of 6246/01B
Summer 2006
Materials
(a)* 1.0 g of hydrated cobalt(II) sulphate, CoSO4.7H2O, in a stoppered specimen tube labelled F. The
(b)* 1.0 g of sodium iodide, NaI, in a stoppered specimen tube labelled G. The identity of this
(c)* 3 cm3 of propanal in a stoppered test tube labelled H. The identity of this compound is not to be
(d)* 3 cm3 of propan-1-ol in a stoppered test tube labelled J. The identity of this compound is not to
be disclosed to candidates;
(e)* 1 cm3 of ethanoic acid in a stoppered test tube labelled ethanoic acid;
(f)* 1 cm3 of methyl propanoate in a stoppered ignition tube labelled K. The identity of this
(i) 5 cm3 of aqueous hydrochloric acid; concentration approximately 2.0 mol dm–3;
(j) 5 cm3 of aqueous sulphuric acid; concentration approximately 1.0 mol dm–3;
(k) 5 cm3 of aqueous barium chloride; concentration approximately 0.2 mol dm–3;
(l) 3 cm3 of approximately 10 vol aqueous hydrogen peroxide;
(m) 5 cm3 of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution. This may be prepared by adding 0.1 g of the solid
(n) 5 cm3 of aqueous silver nitrate; concentration approximately
0.2 mol dm–3. This solution will be used in both a halide and a silver mirror test;
(o) access to a bottle of concentrated sulphuric acid;
(p) 60 cm3 of approximately 1.0 mol dm–3 aqueous sodium carbonate;
Summer 2006
Unit 6246/01C Practical Test Group 3

any green (solution) (1) transition metal ion/compound
OR
any two from:
Nickel/chromium(III)/copper/iron(II) vanadium(III)
ion/compound (1)
ACCEPT words or formulae (2 marks)
(b) Observations Inference

Green precipitate (1) Ni(OH)2 / nickel(II) hydroxide / Ni2+ / Nickel(II) compound (1)
Insoluble in excess (1)
(3 marks)
(c) Observations Inferences

IGNORE HSO4−
Inference must follow any coloured ppt and insoluble in acid
/HCl observation
If a near miss for 2nd observation mark eg “did not dissolve”,
inference mark may be allowed
If “soluble in acid” (0), any

inference (0) (3 marks)
(d) NiSO4 / NiSO4.6H2O – NOT stand alone, there must be a logical progression from inferences (1 mark)
Summer 2006
(e) Observations Inferences
Any yellow precipitate (1) Iodide / I- / AgI (1)
NOT “white” on its own OR
”iodide”/I-/AgI or bromide /Br- /AgBr – BUT must
follow correct “mixed” observation. (2 marks)
(f) Observations Inferences

Yellow / any brown solution (1) I- oxidised (1) to
IGNORE precipitate Iodine / I2 (1)
OR
- -
Blue / black / blue-black (1) 2I → I2 + 2e (2) (4 marks)
(g) Observation Inference

+
Lilac/mauve (1) K /potassium ion /potassium
ALLOW purple / K (1) (2 marks)
(h) KI (1 mark)
(Total 18 marks)
Summer 2006
(2 marks)

Any red precipitate (1) Aldehyde / CHO / “not ketone” (1)
If no red ppt/no change as observation, ALLOW

inferences ketone/“not aldehyde”
(2 marks)

H H
O O
(1)
If ketone inferences in (b) credit propanone
structure
(2 marks)

NOT pungent (S is an) alcohol (1)
(3 marks)
Summer 2006
Yellow precipitate (1) Triiodomethane/ iodoform/CHI3 (1)
CH3CH(OH) / 20 methyl alcohol and ethanol (1)

(3 marks)
(f) (i)
H H
H C C O H
H H
(1 mark)
(ii) 3 peaks so 3 types of hydrogen atoms / protons(1)

Peak “1” due to H in OH, peak “2” due to Hs in CH2, peak “3” due to Hs in CH3/ 5 peaks would be
butan-2-ol (1)
OR
CH3 0.9 CH2 3.6 OH 5 (1)
Butan-2-ol would have 5 peaks / no peak at CH shift value (1) (2 marks)
(iii) Phosphorus pentachloride (1) allow formula

Steamy / white / misty / fumes or gas / turns damp litmus red / gas which gives white smoke with
ammonia (1) NOT white smoke
ACCEPT acidified potassium dichromate(VI)/dichromate(VI) ions (1)
orange to green (1)
(2 marks)
(Total 17 marks)
Summer 2006
3. (a) E is ethyl ethanoate: boiling point 77 oC
Comparison with Supervisor’s mean temperature then ± 1 oC (2) ± 2 oC (1)

(b) (i) Identifying X as the ester with Table 2 boiling temperature closest to mean of candidate’s recorded
temperatures.
[Mean of candidate’s rising and falling temperatures, calculated by examiner, and recorded to 1 dp
next to Table 2] (1 mark)
(c) Reason (1) Consequential

improvement (1)
Temp of liquid may not be same as temp of water Place thermometer directly in
X /cool down more slowly
Inaccurate thermometer Replace by more accurate
thermometer / digital
thermometer
“Not enough temperature control”/heating too rapid Repeat to obtain a second pair
of readings
(Total 8 marks)
Summer 2006
4. Add aqueous barium chloride to each solution
1
9
White precipitates with Na2CO3, H2SO4, MgSO4 allow “white ppts with three solutions” if HCl clearly also identified(1)
2
9 No change / no ppt with HCl (1)
3
9 Add HCl to each of remaining three solutions / add HCl to three white precipitates (1)
4
9 Effervescence with Na2CO3 / BaCO3∴Na2CO3 identified (1)
5
9
Add Na2CO3 to remaining two solutions (1)
6
9
White precipitate with MgSO4 (1)
7
9
Effervescence with H2SO4 (1)
(Total 7 marks)
Total for Paper: 50 marks
Summer 2006
Materials
(a) 1.0 g of hydrated nickel(II) sulphate, NiSO4.6H2O, in a stoppered specimen tube labelled P. The
(b) 1.0 g of potassium iodide, KI, in a stoppered specimen tube labelled Q. The identity of this
(c) 3 cm3 of propanal in a stoppered test tube labelled R. The identity of this compound is not to be
(d) 3 cm3 of ethanol in a stoppered test tube labelled S. The identity of this compound is not to be
(e) 1 cm3 of ethanoic acid in a stoppered test tube labelled ethanoic acid;
(f) 1 cm3 of ethyl ethanoate in a stoppered ignition tube labelled X. The identity of this compound is
not to be disclosed to candidates;
(i) 5 cm3 of aqueous hydrochloric acid; concentration approximately 2.0 mol dm–3;
(j) 5 cm3 of aqueous barium chloride; concentration approximately 0.2 mol dm–3;
(k) 2 cm3 of aqueous silver nitrate; concentration approximately 0.05 mol dm–3;
(l) 5 cm3 of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution. This may be prepared by adding 0.1 g of the solid
(m) 3 cm3 of approximately 10 vol aqueous hydrogen peroxide;
(n) 3 cm3 of Fehling’s solution A and 3 cm3 of Fehling’s solution B. The solutions may be purchased or
made up by the centre. The solutions should give a positive result with propanal;
(o) access to a bottle of concentrated sulphuric acid;
(p) 60 cm3 of approximately 1.0 mol dm–3 aqueous sodium carbonate;
Summer 2006
Summer 2006
Unit 6246/02
Section A
1 (a) (i) pink to colourless NOT clear

OR pink is decolourised
ALLOW pale red instead of pink
NOT “pink goes” on its own
NOT purple
NOT Red NOT any of these in combination with pink
NOT Magenta
NOT Cerise (1 mark)
(ii) 8 – less than 11 - Any number or range within this range (1 mark)
(b) IGNORE SF in (b)
(i) initial no. moles NaOH = 1.00 x 25.0 = 0.0250 (1)

1000
no. moles HCl used = 0.100 x 8.80 = 8.80x10-4 (1)

1000
no. moles Na OH left in 25 cm3 = 8.80x10-4

OR indication of 1:1 ratio (1)
no. moles NaOH left in 250 cm3 = 8.80x10-3 (1)
no. moles NaOH used = 0.0250 – 8.80x10-3 = 0.0162 (1)
0.0162 with some working involving titre (5)
Units not required BUT incorrect units eg mol dm-3 loses the 5th
mark (5 marks)
(ii) no. moles hydrolysed = (b)(i) (1) = 8.1 x 10-3

2
EITHER
mass of aspirin 8.1 x 10-3 x 180 = 1.458 g (1)
% aspirin = 1.458 x 100 = 97.2 % (1)
1.50
OR
Theoretical moles aspirin = 1.5 = 8.33 x 10-3 (1)
180
% aspirin = 8.1 x 10-3 x 100 = 97.2 % (1)
8.33 x 10-3
ALTERNATIVE METHOD
Theoretical moles aspirin = 1.5 = 8.33 x 10-3 (1)
Theoretical moles NaOH = 2 x 8.33 x 10-3 (1) = 0.01667
% aspirin = (b)(i) x 100 = 97.2 % (1)
0.01667
Mark consequentially but do not allow > 100 %
(3 marks)
Summer 2006
(c)
(2 marks)
Total for question:12 marks
Summer 2006
Section B
2 (a) Molecular formula of D
C5H10O2 (2) with some correct working / deduction

eg
C 58.8 x 102 = 5
100 12
H 9.8 x 102 = 10
100 1
O 31.4 x 102 = 2
100 16
OR
Use % to find empirical formula (1)
then use or refer to molar mass to deduce molecular formula (1)
E
Is propan-2-ol (1) ACCEPT name or formula
IF name and formula given, both must be correct
Must contain CH3CH(OH)/be a secondary 2-ol/methyl secondary alcohol, as it gives

iodoform ppt. (1) Do not allow if methyl ketone included
G
Is Iodoform/CHI3 (1) – stand alone mark
IF name and formula given, both must be correct
F
Is the sodium salt of the acid/sodium ethanoate (produced by hydrolysis of the
ester) (1)
(so is sodium ethanoate) with justification for number of carbon atoms eg must
contain 5-3=2 carbon atoms (1)
ACCEPT name or formula
ALLOW 1 max (out of 2) if “ethanoic acid + reasoning for number of C atoms”
Summer 2006
D is
H O H
H C C O C CH3 1-methylethylethanoate CH3COOCH(CH3)2 CH3CO2CH(CH3)2 (1)
H CH3
ALLOW 2-propylethanoate
D is consequential on their unambiguous E + F

NOT just “propylethanoate” unless correct formula given
Equation
CH3COOCH(CH3)2 + NaOH → CH3COONa + (CH3)2CHOH (1)
NOT molecular formula for D

Consequential on their D (9 marks)
ALLOW CH3COOC3H7 for D and C3H7OH for E
Candidates can identify D, E and F in the equation
Summer 2006
(b) ALLOW correct names or formulae for reagents. If both given, both must be
correct
Condition mark only scores if correct or nearly correct reagents
Step 1
CH3Cl / CH3COCl / any halogenoalkane/ any acylchloride (1)
+ (anhydrous) AlCl3 / Al2Cl6 / FeCl3 / Fe2Cl6 (1)

ALLOW other halides except FeI3
If “RCl” plus correct condition ALLOW condition mark
Intermediate methylbenzene/C6H5CH3 or other derived from their

Freidel Crafts reagent (1)
If step 1 uses “HCOCl” 4 max with -1 for each error.
Step 2
KMnO4 /potassium manganate(VII)/ MnO4− (1)

ALLOW “potassium manganate, KMnO4”
NaOH/alkaline/OH−(aq) and heat/reflux (1)

NOT warm
ACCEPT specified temperature provided it is ≥ 100 °C
Step 3
Acid/acidify / H+(aq)/named mineral acid (1)
ALTERNATIVE
Step 1
Br2 OR any halogen (1)
FeBr3 etc (1)
Intermediate bromobenzene (1)
Step 2
Mg and dry ether (1)
Step 3
(Solid) CO2 (1)
Step 4
Acid/water (1)
(6 marks)
ALLOW any correct synthesis with –1 for each error or omission made. If
synthesis does not work, mark as follows:
Start at beginning and mark until incorrect. Then start at end and mark
until incorrect. Then award whichever “route” through gives the highest
mark.
Summer 2006
(c) HNO3 + H2SO4 → H2O + HSO4− + NO2+ - Can be shown in two stages
OR
HNO3 + 2H2SO4 → H3O+ + 2HSO4− + NO2+ (1)
1st curved arrow from benzene ring of electrons towards N of NO2+ ion (1)
ALLOW the “+” anywhere on NO2
Intermediate correctly drawn, including positive charge (1)
Curved arrow from C-H bond back into benzene ring (1)
IGNORE if towards the “+”
ALLOW HSO4− but arrow must start on O
ALLOW arrow from negative charge
ALTERNATIVE
1st curved arrow from double bond towards N of NO2+ ion (1)
ALLOW the “+” anywhere on NO2
Intermediate correctly drawn, including positive charge (1)

(4 marks)
Curved arrow from C-H bond back into benzene ring (1)
IGNORE if towards the “+”
Total for question 19 marks
Summer 2006
3 (a) Temperature
QWC* 975 – 1225 K OR 700-950 oC (1)
ALLOW any number or range within these values
(Forward) reaction is exothermic so the highest yield should be at low

temperature (1) OR reverse argument
Rate is too slow at low temperature, so compromise (1)

NOT just “a compromise”, it must be related to rate
Catalyst
Platinum (and rhodium) to give a fast rate at lower T
OR
Pt etc…. speeds up conversion to NO and not combustion to N2 (1)
ALLOW Pt etc increases rate / lowers Ea
Pressure
2-10 atmospheres / 200 – 1000 kPa (1) – stand alone
(Small) increase/very little difference in number of (gas)

molecules/moles on r.h.s. so low pressure (1) - stand alone
OR
2-10 atmospheres / 200 – 1000 kPa (1)
To push gases through (1) – provided quoted or implied pressure (6 marks)
(b) (i) C4H4O62− + 5H2O2 + 2H+ → 4CO2 + 8H2O

1:5 ratio and no electrons in equation (1)
Rest correct ie H+ and H2O cancel (1) (2 marks)
(ii) Rapid/fast effervescence (∴ rate has increased) (1)
Colour change to green and back to pink/original colour

(∴ alternative route/ not used up) (1)
Do NOT allow if stated “it does not take part in reaction”
NOT just “back to pink”
NOT just “pink colour returns”
(3 marks)
They can change oxidation state easily/have variable oxidation
states/can be illustrated (1)
Summer 2006
(iii) axes both labelled correctly (1)
QWC* eg percentage/fraction/number of molecules (with energy E)
for y-axis
eg energy/kinetic energy for x-axis NOT speed
shape of graph (1)

starts at the origin (and rises steeply)
peak skewed to left
asymptote (if line crosses the x axis do not award this mark)
All 3 needed
Do not award the mark if two or more curves are drawn for different
temperatures.
Both activation energies shown well to the right of the peak (1)
Comment on relationship of area under curve to number of particles with

E≥Ea
eg more of molecules/collisions have energy greater than or equal to the
activation energy/have enough energy to result in a reaction (1)
Therefore a higher frequency of collisions result in reaction

OR more (of the) collisions result in reaction
OR more successful collisions per unit time
OR more of the collisions are successful
OR greater proportion of the collisions are successful (1)– stand alone
(5 marks)
NOT just “ more successful collisions”
Summer 2006
(c) OR
no. moles O2 = 100 (1) 24000 cm3 O2 from 2 mol H2O2 (1)
24000
= 4.17 x 10-3
therefore 100 cm3 from 2 x 100
-3
no. moles H2O2 = 2 x 4.17x10 (1) 24000
= 8.33x10-3 = 8.33 x 10-3 mol (1)
Mark consequentially on moles of O2
volume H2O2 = 8.33x10-3 x 1000 8.33 x10-3

0.5 0.5
16.7 cm3 (1) = 0.0167 dm3 (1)
Answer and unit required for third mark
IGNORE s.f.
Mark consequentially on moles of H2O2 (3 marks)
Summer 2006
4 (a) (i) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 (1)
∆H = (3 x –394) - (3 x –110) – (-822)

= -30 (kJ mol-1) (2)
Multiply by 3 twice (1)

Correct answer with sign (1)
ALLOW consequential calculation if wrong stoichiometry

If O2 given as product 1 max on consequential calculation (3 marks)
(ii) (i) is more likely because the rate of a reaction between a solid
and a gas will be faster than that between two solids
ALLOW
(i) is more likely because it is exothermic (and (ii) is endothermic)
OR
products in (i) are more thermodynamically stable relative to reactants
than in (ii)
Consequential on (a)(i) (1 mark)
(b) (i) Kp = pH24 (1) “p’s” are essential NO [ ]

pH2O4
= 1.64 = 3.16 / 3.2 and no units (1)

1.24
Consequential on Kp expression provided no Fe or Fe3O4 included (2 marks)
(ii) KP decreases (1)

Q
W Because forward reaction release heat / exothermic
C* OR reverse reaction absorbs heat / endothermic (1)
Dependent on Kp decreases
Do not allow 2ND mark if decrease is explained in terms of position

moving to the left, UNLESS moving is a consequence of Kp decreasing.
(2 marks)
(c) IGNORE state symbols
X: 2H2O + O2 + 4e(−) → 4OH− (1) OR ½ this OR multiples (1)
Y: Fe → Fe2+ + 2e(−) / Fe − 2e(−) → Fe2+ (1)

IF X and Y not identified 1 (out of 2)
iron(II) hydroxide (1)

ALLOW Fe(OH)2 / [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] (3 marks)
Summer 2006
(d) covalent bonds labelled (1)
dative bonds labelled OR shown as arrows (1)
ALLOW dot and cross diagram (2)
Structure with Fe-Fe bond does not score first two marks
Tetrahedral (around Fe) (1)

ALLOW good 3-D diagram dependent on 4 covalent/dative bonds around Fe
If Al2Cl6 ALLOW max 2 (out of 3)

Any mention of ionic 0 (out of 3) (3 marks)
(e) (i) add (aqueous) sodium hydroxide / ammonia (1) ALLOW OH−(aq)
red/brown/foxy red/red-brown/rust ppt/solid (1)
OR
add (aqueous) potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)/hexacyanoferrate(II)
ions (1)
(Prussian) blue ppt/solid (1) – ALLOW result for near miss spelling of
reagent
OR
add (aqueous) potassium thiocyanate (1)
blood red (solution) (1) NOT ppt (2 marks)
(ii) Fe3+ polarises the (OH bond in water) ligands (1)
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + H2O → [Fe(OH)(H2O)5]2+ + H3O+

OR in words
eg deprotonation (of the ligand) by the (solvent) water (1)
the H3O+ / H+(aq) ions make the solution acidic (1) – stand alone
(3 marks)
Summer 2006
Further copies of this publication are available from
Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN
Telephone 01623 467467
Fax 01623 450481
Email publications@linneydirect.com
Order Code UA 017774 Summer 2006
For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.org.uk/qualifications

Alternatively, you can contact Customer Services at www.edexcel.org.uk/ask or on 0870 240 9800
Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH

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GCE

Unit 6241/01 .............................................................................................................................................1

Unit 6242/01 .............................................................................................................................................7

Unit 6243/01A Practical Test Group 1 ..................................................................................................15

Unit 6243/01B Practical Test Group 2 ..................................................................................................21

Unit 6243/01C Practical Test Group 3 ..................................................................................................29

Unit 6243/02 ...........................................................................................................................................35

Unit 6244/01 ...........................................................................................................................................41

Unit 6245/01 ...........................................................................................................................................51

Unit 6246/01A Practical Test Group 1 ..................................................................................................65

Unit 6246/01B Practical Test Group 2 ..................................................................................................73

Unit 6246/01C Practical Test Group 3 ..................................................................................................81

Unit 6246/02 ...........................................................................................................................................89

The mark scheme gives you:

(c) 4 pairs of electrons around C atom (1)

ALLOW all dots/crosses (2 marks)

(d) (i) High energy/fast/gun electrons hit/strike

Removes/knocks out electron (1)

(ii) magnetic field/magnet/electromagnet/magnetic plates (1 mark)

(e) (i) mass of one atom (of the isotope) (1)

OR 2nd and 3rd marks can be awarded as follows:

Word “atom” need only be mentioned once

(ii) 162 IGNORE units (1 mark)

(iii) (atoms with) same no. of protons (1)

different number of neutrons (1)

(iv) same number of electrons IGNORE “same number of protons”

OR same electronic configuration/pattern/structure

(ii) Induced-dipole(-induced dipole)/dispersion/London/v der Waals/vdw

NOT “dipole” forces

(iii) polymer has stronger/more vdw/intermolecular forces (1)

because it has more electrons/larger electron cloud/more contact area

so more energy/heat needed to overcome/break these forces

and delocalised/sea of electrons (1)

(c) Ionic/electrovalent (1)

diagram shows alternating cations and anions in planar arrangement (1)

OR labelled “blobs” – minimum labelling is “Na/sodium ion” and “chloride ion”

in 3-D structure/at least 2 (part) layers shown (1)

2nd and 3rd marks

Cl- Cl- Na+

Yellow (1) ALLOW orange (2 marks)

(ii) electrons promoted (by heat/flame to a higher level) (1)

fall back down/return (1)

emit light (1) (3 marks)

(b) (i) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

(ii) Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH (1 mark)

(c) Bubbles/fizz/effervescence (1) IGNORE gas/fumes

iodine no’s correct (1)

iodine oxidation number goes up/goes from -1 to 0, so oxidised (1)

(iii) moles NaI= 30.0 = 0.2 (1)

moles I2 = 0.1 (1)

mass of I2 = 0.1 x 254 = 25.4 (g) (1)

Correct answer with some working (3)

(iv) vol = 0.1 x 24 = 2.4 (dm3)

(b) (i) black/grey/grey-black (1)

Solid (1) (2 marks)

(ii) I(g) → I+(g) + e(−) OR I(g) – e(−) → I+(g)

(iii) nuclear charge increases/more protons (1)

(but) more shielding/screening

outer electron further from nucleus/iodine’s outer electron in higher

so electron pairs arranged tetrahedrally

lone pair repulsion> bond pair repulsion (1) (2 marks)

(b) (i) trigonal planar diagram (1)