ANSWERS (Sec 3 Biology EOY 2010)

Answers to Paper 1: 1 B 11 D 21 B 2 D 12 C 22 C 3 D 13 B 23 C 4 D 14 D 24 D 5 B 15 A 25 B 6 A 16 C 26 A 7 A 17 B 27 D 8 D 18 D 28 C 9 C 19 D 29 D 10 B 20 C 30 B

Answers to Paper 2: Section A (Structured questions) : 50 marks 1a) 1b) 1c) 1d)

Section B (Data-based & essay) : 30 marks [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]

Both samples do not contain chloroplasts. Both samples contain a cellulose cell wall. Root hair cell/ Phloem sieve tube element/ epidermal cell Red blood cell because it lacks a nucleus. The cell may contain more haemoglobin for oxygen transport/ the cell will have a short life span. 20 minutes 60 - 20 = 40 minutes Plant A took a shorter time to uptake the same amount of ion as compared to plant B. This is because plant A relied on both diffusion and active transport since oxygen is present to uptake the ion. Plant B was not supplied with oxygen and so relied solely on diffusion alone to uptake the ion, hence rate of uptake was slower. To remove the dissolved gases. Right X- longitudinal muscle; Y- circular muscle

2ai) 2aii) 2b)

2c) 3a) 3b) 3ci)

Peristalsis. [1] It is a series of contraction of circular muscle and relaxation of longitudinal [1] muscle alternating with the contraction of longitudinal muscle and relaxation of circular muscle. Peristalsis break up food into smaller pieces, thus increasing the surface area to volume ratio for enzymes to act on. Duodenum (reject small intestine) [1] [1] 1

3cii) 4a)

4b)

Stomach 4 because it has the lowest pH of 1.9, which is the optimum pH for pepsin/ protease in the human stomach to function. Amylase; maltose Stomach 1 because the pH is 6.9 which is almost neutral and optimal for the action of amylase.

[1] [1] [1] [1] [1]

4ci)

4cii) 4ciii) 5ai) 5aii)

Cellulose (cell wall) is digested first to release the proteins/ cytoplasm will be [1] digested later by proteases. As level of activity increases, gill surface area increases. The higher the level of activity in fishes, the more energy is required and rate of respiration thus has to be higher. The increased gill surface area allows more oxygen to be absorbed at a faster rate for aerobic respiration. Structure A: breathing Structure B: diffusion of gases/ gaseous exchange Consists of a trachea that is supported by c-shaped cartilage to prevent collapse of the structure and to keep the airways open. Consists of an extensive network of alveoli to increase surface area for exchange of gases. (and other reasonable answers) Human requires multiple structures e.g trachea, bronchi and bronchioles to bring about exchange gases from their body to the atmosphere while fishes only rely one structure- the gills OR Human contains lungs that allow gases to accumulate before being expelled while gills do not have the capacity for gases to accumulate. Rate of water absorbed by the plant. Rate of water absorbed is equal to the rate of water loss by transpiration. Comparing A and C, increasing humidity decreases the transpiration rate by 6 cm3 hr-1 Comparing A and B, increasing light intensity increases the transpiration rate by 8 cm3 hr-1 An increase in light results in increased photosynthesis in guard cells. Concentration of sugar in guard cell increases/ water potential in guard cells decreases. Water moves from surrounding epidermal cells to guard cells/ water moves from region of high water potential into the guard cells. Guard cells become turgid/ guard cells are pulled open, hence transpiration rate increases. (any 3 points) [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]

5bi) 5bii)

5biii)

6a) 6b) 6c) 6d)

[1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [3]

6e)

7a) 7b)

Aorta X is the pulmonary artery/ from the right side of the heart The blue ink was inserted into the left side of the heart and does not enter the right side because of the thick muscular wall/ presence of the median septum. Before squeezing/ without pressure, the bicuspid valve must be open to allow the blue ink to enter the ventricles. Upon squeezing, the bicuspid valves must be closed to prevent backflow of blood into the atria. Semi-lunar valves in Y must be open to allow blood to flow through Y. Coronary artery Oxygen flow to the heart muscle may be stopped/ A heart attack may occur. Tissues of the transplanted organ are treated as foreign bodies Lymphocytes produce antibodies in the blood of the recipient to recognize the foreign tissue/ mark them out for destruction; Phagocytosis follows and is involved in tissue rejection (any 2 points) 1m= correct axes (x: temp, y: time) 1m= correct units (temp: C time: min) (no mark if one unit is wrong) 1m= correctly plotted points (no marks if an error is committed) 1m= best fit line (smooth and neat) (no marks if points are joined with a straight line) Penalty (max 1m) = did not label the 2 lines; inappropriate scale, too small Lipase digests the fats in the milk into glycerol (do not penalize if not mentioned) and fatty acids. The fatty acids cause the pH to decrease. Bile salts emulsify fats into very small droplets. The lipase is able to digest the fat droplets at a faster rate due to the increased surface area. pH of milk sample, concentration of lipase Sample A For a given temperature (eg. 20C) the time taken to decolourise the indicator is the fastest for sample A then sample B. The higher fat content means the greater amount of fatty acids produced and hence the faster the time to decolourise the indicator. Carbon enters the leaves As carbon dioxide Via diffusion Through the stomata Into the air spaces Carbon dioxide dissolves in the layer of moisture Enters the spongy mesophyll cells

[1] [1] [1]

7c)

[1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [2]

7di) 7dii) 7e)

8a)

[4]

8b) 8c)

[1] [1] [1]

8d) 8ei) 8eii)

[1] [1] [1]

9a)

[3]

9b)

carbon dioxide is converted into glucose via photosynthesis in the light independent stage of photosynthesis it requires the hydrogen atoms from photolysis of water and chemical energy which has been converted from light energy in the light dependent stage of photosynthesis equation given correctly; glucose is converted into sucrose transported via the phloem to be broken down to release energy for vital activities/ for respiration used in the synthesis of cell wall converted to amino acids and proteins converted into fats excess stored as starch Any 7 points

[7]