Pharmaceutics Lab Exam II Conceptual Material

• The concentration of insulin in units/mL is 100 units/mL

• The HEP-LOCK is used for IV flush
• A solution of epinephrine should be inspected for color and precipitation (color cannot be
pinkish/no precipitate may be formed)
• Flashback is a return of blood into the syringe caused by withdrawing the plunger prior to
injection
• Thrombus is a blood clot formed within a blood vessel
• Z-track is a method of injection used to prevent infiltration of medication into the
subcutaneous tissue to prevent “staining”
• ______ are the most common means of parenteral contamination
• Pyrogens are fever producing substances from microbial contamination of a parenteral
solution
• A bolus injection is given all at once into a vein or through the injection site of an
administration set
• IV injections offer the best route of administration for irritating drugs
• If crystals form in a vial of Mannitol, heating the vial to 80 DEGREES C makes it usable
• To prevent backwash contamination all work must be done at least 6 inches in the hood
• Allergy injections and TB tests are usually given ID
• A needle gauge of 23 is SMALLER in diameter than a 16 gauge needle
• Benzyl alcohol is a preservative that can’t be metabolized in a newborn’s liver
• A vertical laminar flow hood protects the preparer from contamination
• A heparin flush is used to maintain the patency of a vein
• A pharmacy package that contains more than one dose is called a bulk package
• Sterile water for injection CANNOT be directly infused into patients
• DO NOT SWAB NEEDLES WITH ALCOHOL
• HEPA stands for High Efficiency Particulate Air
• A variation of the vertical laminar flow hood where the air flow is contained within the
hood is the biological safety cabinet
• A piece of rubber carved out of the stopper of a vial as a needle passes through it is called
the CORE
• The part of the needle that attaches to the syringe that may be color coded and never
touched is called the hub
• On a syringe, the threaded part of attachment for the needle is called the Leur-Lock
• The main hazard for IV infusion is thrombosis formation
• NOTHING is used to clean the HEPA filter
• Normal Blood Plasma Contains: 154 mEq of cations
154 mEq of anions

• The mEq is a unit of measure of the chemical activity of an electrolyte.

• The chemical combining power depends not only on the number of electrolytes in
solution, but also on the total number of ionic charges.

• An electrolyte with a charge of +2 has twice the combining power of an electrolyte with a
charge of +1.
• Leaking of IV fluid from a blood vessel into the tissues is called EXTRAVASTATION
• The slant of the shaft tip of the needle is called the BEVEL
• The portion of the syringe that passes into the barrel is called the PLUNGER
• When combining Regular Insulin and NPH Insulin in a syringe, REGULAR IS FIRST,
NPH IS SECOND
• A heparin solution is only stable for 96 HOURS at room temperature
• The minimum concentration is 10 units while the max. is 40,000 units; it is important to
make sure you are using the right dose for a specific patient’s needs
• Humulin 70/30 has a cloudy appearance while Humulin N and R are clear
• DO NOT FREEZE OR HEAT INSULIN
• It is important to ROLL Humulin N or 70/30 before drawing a dose to GET RID OF
PARTICLES
• Insulin contains preservatives to maintain stability
• A 2 gram Lidocaine syringe is NOT FOR BOLUS INJECTION
• KCL injection has a caution printed on the front of the label and under the NDC of
MUST BE DILUTED
• An solution of epinephrine in isotonic NaCl must be given SQ or IM
• Bacteriostatic water and bacteriostatic NaCl cannot be used in newborns (benzyl alcohol
present)
• Be sure to look over the valence chart on p. 174 of the Pharm Calc book

Ion Formula Valence Trends:

Aluminum Al+++ 3 3-Aluminum, Ferric, Citrate
Ammonium NH4+ 1 2-Calcium, Ferrous, Magnesium, Carbonate,
Calcium Ca++ 2 Phosphate, Sulfate
Ferric Fe+++ 3 1-Ammonium, Lithium, Potassium, Sodium,
Ferrous Fe++ 2 Acetate, Bicarbonate, Chloride, Gluconate,
Lithium Li+ 1 Lactate, Phosphate
Magnesium Mg++ 2
Potassium K+ 1
Sodium Na+ 1
Acetate C2H3O2- 1
Bicarbonate HCO3- 1
Carbonate CO3- 2
Chloride Cl- 1
Citrate C6H5O7--- 3
Gluconate C6H11O7- 1
Lactate C3H5O3- 1
Phosphate H2PO4-1
 HPO4-- 2
Sulfate SO4-- 2