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5 Contents
In Latin, the word ‘locus’ means place. Traditionally, locus is the path traced
out by a moving point that satisfies certain condition. In mathematics, locus is
the set of all points meeting some specified conditions.
Content
P. 2
5 Locus
5.2 Equations of Straight Lines
A. Straight lines
y − y1 = m( x − x1 ).
Fig. 5.17
Content
P. 3
5 Locus
5.2 Equations of Straight Lines
y = mx.
Fig. 5.18
The equation of a straight line with y-intercept c
and slope m is
y = mx + c.
Content
P. 4
5 Locus
5.2 Equations of Straight Lines
When two points given are A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2), we have
y2 − y1
slope of AB = .
x2 − x1
P. 5
5 Locus
5.2 Equations of Straight Lines
x y
+ = 1.
a b
Fig. 5.21
This is called the intercept form of the equation of a straight line.
Content
P. 6
5 Locus
5.2 Equations of Straight Lines
There are two special case we needed to pay attention to:
Case 1:
P. 7
5 Locus
5.2 Equations of Straight Lines
(a) Intersection of Two Straight Lines
If the two straight lines overlap with each other, their equations are the same
there will be infinitely many points of intersection (see Figure 5.27(b)).
Content
Two straight lines have one and only one point of intersection if the slopes of the
lines are different. The coordinates of the intersecting point satisfy the two given
equations. (see Figure 5.27(c)).
P. 8
5 Locus
5.2 Equations of Straight Lines
B. General Form of Equations of Straight Lines
From the above examples, the equations can be expressed in the form
Ax + By + C = 0,
which is called the general form of the equation of a straight line, where
A, B and C are constants.
Notes
:
1. A, B and C can be positive, zero or negative.
P. 9
5 Locus
5.2 Equations of Straight Lines
C. Features of Equations of Straight Lines
A C
slope = − and y - intercept = − .
B B
Content This straight line does not have y-intercept and the
slope of the straight line is undefined as illustrated in
Fig. 5.32. Fig. 5.32
P. 10
5 Locus
5.3 Equations of Circles
A. Circles
( x − a 2 ) + ( y − b) 2 = r 2 .
x2 + y 2 = r 2.
Fig. 5.35
P. 11
5 Locus
5.3 Equations of Circles
B. General Form of Equations of Circles
x 2 + y 2 + Dx + Ex + F = 0
Notes:
Content
• The right hand side of the general form of a circle is zero.
P. 12
5 Locus
5.3 Equations of Circles
C. Features of Equations of Circles
2 2
D E D E
centre = (− ,− ) and radius = + − F .
2 2 2 2
Remarks
: 2 2
D E
1. If + − F = 0, the equation represents a circle of zero radius.
2 2
The circle reduces to a point and It is known as a point circle.
Content 2 2
D E
2. If + − F < 0, the circle is wholly imaginary.
2 2
The circle is known as an imaginary circle.
P. 13
5 Locus
5.4 Comparing Deductive Geometry and Coordinate Geometry
Content
P. 14