• Partes de la Oración:

• Connectors

ENGLISH READING COMPRENSIÓN - CONNECTORS

MEANING/ SENTENCE CLAUSE
FUNCTION CONNECTORS CONNECTORS OTHERS

Coordinators
Subordinators
To introduce an Furthermore And Another + noun
additional idea Moreover An additional + noun
In addition
To introduce an On the other hand But Although In spite of + noun
opposite idea However Yet Though Despite + noun
In contrast Even
though
Wherea
s
While
To introduce an For example An example of +
example. For instance noun
e.g. Such as + noun
To introduce a i.e
restatement or
explanation
To introduce a In conclusion
conclusion or In summary
summary To conclude
To summarize
To clarify First, second… Before The first + noun
chronological Next, last, finally After The second + noun
order and order First of all While Before the + noun
of importance Above all Until In the year
After that As soon Since the + noun
Since then as The most important
More, most important + noun
To introduce a For Because Because of
cause or reason Since Due to
As To result from
The result of
The effect of X on Y
The consequence of
o introduce an As a result So The cause of
effect or result As a consequence The reason for
Therefore The result in
Thus To cause
Consequently To have an effect on
Hence To affect
To introduce a Similarly And As Like, just like
comparison Likewise Just as Alike, similar (to)
 Also The same as
Too Both…and
Not only…but also
Compare to
To introduce a On the other hand But Although Different from
contrast In contrast Yet Though Dissimilar, unlike
However Even To differ from
By (in) though To compare to
Comparison Wherea To compare with
s
While

ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION - WORKSHOP ON CONNECTORS

I. COMBINE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO A CONCISE, COHERENT

ONE.

1. Mary opened the door. Mary greeted her guests.

2. I like coffee. I do not like tea.
3. We have to wear warm clothes. It’s winter now.
4. Pat always enjoyed studying sentences in high school. Ana decided to
major in Biology in college.
5. The tea is good. I think I’ll have another cup.
6. He wasn’t tired. He went to bed anyway.
7. Florida has a warm climate. Alaska has a cold climate
8. My grandfather smoked too much. My grandfather is very sick.
9. Cold weather is nice. Warm weather is funnier.
10. I added some eggs. I mixed all the ingredients.

II. FIND THE ERROR AND CORRECT IT.

1. I didn’t study for my exam because I didn’t pass it.

2. My shoes and pants got dirty, thus I walked carefully through the wet
streets.
3. My neighborhood is not quite or safe, however, I lock the door.
4. Although, I don’t like French food, but I liked the food I had at the French
restaurant last night.
5. Hence I prefer to be a history teacher, I am studying in the Business school.
6. A little girl approached to the tiger’s cage because she was scared.
7. She went to Europe last semester, however, she bought a lot of nice things.
8. There are several things you should consider, for example, before you get
married.
9. This city has excellent museums, so, it has interesting bars.
10. My brother made a terrible mistake in his job, since, he was fired.

III. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE CONNECTOR.

Genetic research has produced both exciting and frightening possibilities. Scientists
are now available to create new forms or life in the laboratory ______ the development
of gene splicing.__________, the ability to create life in the laboratory could greatly
benefit mankind. _________ insulin is very expensive to obtain from natural sources
scientists have developed a method to manufacture it inexpensively in the laboratory.
Another beneficial application of gene splicing is in agriculture. Scientists foresee the
day when new plants will be developed using nitrogen from the air instead of from
fertilizer; _______, food production could be increased. _______, entirely new plants
could be developed to feed the world’s hungry people.
Not everyone is excited about gene splicing ______. Some people feel that it could
have terrible consequences. A laboratory accident, _______, might cause an epidemic.
of an unknown disease that could wipe out humanity. ________ of this controversy, the
government has made rules to control genetic experiments. Still, many people feel that
these rules are not strict enough _______ the scientific community may feel that they
are too strict.

• COGNADOS

COGNATES

All texts have a high percentage of words whose form and meaning are the same, or
very similar in English and in other languages. They are called cognates. Along
with names, dates and figures, they make things easier for the reader.

Look at the words below. Are they similar to some words in your language? If you
are not sure, check with your dictionary. Can you think of some others?

Important Different Use Common Paper Simple

Observe the following text.

THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE

When Julius Caesar landed in Britain about two centuries ago, the English language

did not exist. A language called Englisc was probably used by a very small number of

people about five hundred years after the Romans’ arrival in the island of Great Britain.

A thousand years later, around the sixteen century, English was spoken by seven

million English men and women.

From those times to the present the rise of English has been extraordinarily fast.
English speakers, including Scots, Irish, Welsh, Americans and others, through
traveling and lately through technology and powerful means of communication have
taken their language and culture to almost every corner of the world. A recent study
concluded that the English language is used as an official language in over 60
countries, more than any other international language.
Without any doubt it is the language of technology and business. Close to three
quarters of the world’s mail, telexes and cables and 80% of the information stored in
the world’s computers is written in English.
Source: The Story of English, McCrum, et al)

Read the text above and underline as many cognates as possible (including numbers).
Then compare with a classmate.
 a. How many cognates did you find?
b. How many cognates did your partner find?
c. Try again and see if you can increase the number.

FALSE COGNATES
On the other hand there is a group of English words whose form is similar in other

languages, but whose meaning can be quite different in some contexts. They are

called false cognates.

Check the meaning of the following words. Are they cognates or false cognates in
your language?

figures attend assist cancel realize Economical

actually success invest apply succeed exit

Observe how they are used in context.

7/ 03 ...
A. Do you realize how much
Jimmy, you are investing in the
Could you please add business?
up the figures I left in B. Yes, I do and I’m a bit
the first drawer of your scared actually.
desk? A. Why don’t you cancel the
I’ll be back in an hour. deal then?
Thank you B. I’ll think it over.
....
Fred  

Mr White,
 
Don’t forget to attend the meeting at
     
Tray’s (7:30 p.m.)
 
      
Alice   
 
9/5/01   
   
  

Now use them in context. If you are still not certain, check with your dictionary.
Fill in the blanks with words from the list above.

a. Do you ____________________________ your course regularly?

b. The program is a complete ___________________. The results are promising.
c. I would like to have an __________________ car to go to work.
d. Will you _______________________ for the job in Kenya?
e. He’s a very nice person _____________________
f. Will you ____________________ him if he has a problem?