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1. General description
The PCA82C251 is the interface between a CAN protocol controller and the physical bus. The device provides differential transmit capability to the bus and differential receive capability to the CAN controller.
2. Features
Fully compatible with the ISO 11898-24 V standard Slope control to reduce Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Thermally protected Short-circuit proof to battery and ground in 24 V powered systems Low-current Standby mode An unpowered node does not disturb the bus lines At least 110 nodes can be connected High speed (up to 1 MBd) High immunity against electromagnetic interference.
3. Applications
High-speed applications (up to 1 MBd) in trucks and busses.
NXP Semiconductors
PCA82C251
CAN transceiver for 24 V systems
5. Ordering information
Table 2. Ordering information Package Name PCA82C251T SO8 Description plastic small outline package; 8 leads; body width 3.9 mm Version SOT96-1 Type number
6. Block diagram
VCC 3 1 TXD PROTECTION
DRIVER 8 Rs 4 RXD CANL RECEIVER Vref 5 REFERENCE VOLTAGE 6 SLOPE/ STANDBY 7 CANH
PCA82C251
2 GND
mbg613
Fig 1.
Block diagram
7. Pinning information
7.1 Pinning
1 2
8 7
PCA82C251
3 4
mbg612
6 5
Fig 2.
Pin configuration
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PCA82C251
CAN transceiver for 24 V systems
8. Functional description
The PCA82C251 is the interface between a CAN protocol controller and the physical bus. It is primarily intended for applications up to 1 MBd in trucks and buses. The device provides differential transmit capability to the bus and differential receive capability to the CAN controller. It is fully compatible with the ISO 11898-24 V standard. A current-limiting circuit protects the transmitter output stage against short-circuits to positive and negative battery voltage. Although power dissipation will increase as a result of a short circuit fault condition, this feature will prevent destruction of the transmitter output stage. If the junction temperature exceeds approximately 160 C, the limiting current of both transmitter outputs is decreased. Because the transmitter is responsible for most of the power dissipated, this will result in reduced power dissipation and hence a lower chip temperature. All other parts of the IC will remain operational. The thermal protection is needed, in particular, when a bus line is short-circuited. The CANH and CANL lines are also protected against electrical transients which may occur in an automotive environment. Pin 8 (Rs) allows three different modes of operation to be selected: High-speed, Slope control and Standby. For high-speed operation, the transmitter output transistors are simply switched on and off as fast as possible. In this mode, no measures are taken to limit the rise and fall slopes. A shielded cable is recommended to avoid RFI problems. High-speed mode is selected by connecting pin 8 to ground. Slope control mode allows the use of an unshielded twisted pair or a parallel pair of wires as bus lines. To reduce RFI, the rise and fall slopes should be limited. The rise and fall slopes can be programmed with a resistor connected from pin 8 to ground. The slope is proportional to the current output at pin 8. If a HIGH level is applied to pin 8, the circuit enters a low-current Standby mode. In this mode, the transmitter is switched off and the receiver is switched to a low current. If dominant bits are detected (differential bus voltage >0.9 V), RXD will be switched to a
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CAN transceiver for 24 V systems
LOW level. The microcontroller should react to this condition by switching the transceiver back to normal operation (via pin 8). Because the receiver is slower in Standby mode, the first message will be lost at higher bit rates.
Table 4. Supply 4.5 V to 5.5 V 4.5 V to 5.5 V 4.5 V < VCC < 5.5 V 0 V < VCC < 4.5 V
[1] [2]
Truth table of the CAN transceiver TXD 0 X[2] floating CANH HIGH floating if VRs > 0.75VCC floating CANL LOW floating Bus state dominant recessive RXD 0 1[1] X[1] X[2]
If another bus node is transmitting a dominant bit, then RXD is logic 0. X = dont care.
Table 5.
Pin Rs summary Mode Standby Slope control High-speed Resulting voltage or current at pin Rs IRs < 10 A 0.4VCC < VRs < 0.6VCC IRs < 500 A
Condition forced at pin Rs VRs > 0.75VCC 10 A < IRs < 200 A VRs < 0.3VCC
9. Limiting values
Table 6. Limiting values In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). All voltages are referenced to pin 2; positive input current. Symbol Parameter VCC Vn V6 supply voltage DC voltage at pins 1, 4, 5 and 8 DC voltage at pin 6 (CANL) 0 V < VCC < 5.5 V; TXD HIGH or floating 0 V < VCC < 5.5 V; no time limit 0 V < VCC < 5.5 V; no time limit V7 Vtrt Tstg Tamb Tvj VESD DC voltage at pins 7 (CANH) transient voltage at pins 6 and 7 storage temperature ambient temperature virtual junction temperature electrostatic discharge voltage
[3] [4] [5] [1] [2]
Conditions
Max +7.0 +36 +36 +36 +36 +200 +150 +125 +150 +2500 +250
Unit V V V V V V C C C V V
VCC + 0.3 V
TXD is LOW. Short-circuit protection provided for slew rates up to 5 V/s for voltages above +30 V. Short-circuit applied when TXD is HIGH, followed by TXD switched to LOW. In accordance with IEC 60747-1. An alternative definition of virtual junction temperature is: Tvj = Tamb + Pd Rth(vj-a), where Rth(j-a) is a fixed value to be used for the calculation of Tvj. The rating for Tvj limits the allowable combinations of power dissipation (Pd) and ambient temperature (Tamb). Classification A: human body model; C = 100 pF; R = 1500 ; V = 2000 V. Classification B: machine model; C = 200 pF; R = 25 ; V = 200 V.
NXP B.V. 2010. All rights reserved.
[4] [5]
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CAN transceiver for 24 V systems
11. Characteristics
Table 8. Characteristics VCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V; Tamb = 40 C to +125 C; RL = 60 ; I8 > 10 A; unless otherwise specified; all voltages referenced to ground (pin 2); positive input current; all parameters are guaranteed over the ambient temperature range by design, but only 100 % tested at +25 C. Symbol Parameter Supply I3 supply current dominant; V1 = 1 V; VCC = 5.1 V dominant; V1 = 1 V; VCC = 5.25 V dominant; V1 = 1 V; VCC = 5.5 V recessive; V1 = 4 V; R8 = 47 k Standby DC bus transmitter VIH VIL IIH IIL V6,7 ILO V7 V6 V6, 7 HIGH-level input voltage LOW-level input voltage HIGH-level input current LOW-level input current recessive bus voltage off-state output leakage current CANH output voltage CANL output voltage difference between output voltage at pins 6 and 7 output recessive output dominant V1 = 4 V V1 = 1 V V1 = 4 V; no load 2 V < (V6, V7) < 7 V 5 V < (V6, V7) < 36 V V1 = 1 V; VCC = 4.75 V to 5.5 V V1 = 1 V; VCC = 4.5 V to 4.75 V V1 = 1 V V1 = 1 V V1 = 1 V; RL = 45 V1 = 4 V; no load Isc7 Isc6 Vdiff(r) Vdiff(d) short-circuit CANH current short-circuit CANL current differential input voltage (recessive) differential input voltage (dominant) V7 = 5 V V7 = 36 V V6 = 36 V
[2] [1]
Conditions
Min 0.7VCC 0.3 200 100 2.0 2 10 3.0 2.75 0.5 1.5 1.5 500 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.97 0.91
Typ 100 -
Max 78 80 85 10 275
Unit mA mA mA mA A
VCC + 0.3 V 0.3VCC +30 600 3.0 +2 +10 4.5 4.5 2.0 3.0 +50 200 200 +0.5 +0.4 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 V V V mV mA mA mA V V V V V V V A A V mA mA V
DC bus receiver: V1 = 4 V; pins 6 and 7 externally driven; 2 V < (V6, V7) < 7 V; unless otherwise specified 7 V < (V6, V7) < 12 V 7 V < (V6, V7) < 12 V; not Standby mode Standby mode Standby mode; VCC = 4.5 V to 5.10 V
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Table 8. Characteristics continued VCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V; Tamb = 40 C to +125 C; RL = 60 ; I8 > 10 A; unless otherwise specified; all voltages referenced to ground (pin 2); positive input current; all parameters are guaranteed over the ambient temperature range by design, but only 100 % tested at +25 C. Symbol Parameter Vdiff(hys) VOH VOL Ri Rdiff Vref differential input hysteresis HIGH-level output voltage LOW-level output voltage input resistance differential input resistance reference output voltage V8 = 1 V; I5 < 50 A V8 = 4 V; I5 < 5 A tbit tonTXD toffTXD tonRXD toffRXD bit time delay TXD to bus active delay TXD to bus inactive delay TXD to receiver active delay TXD to receiver inactive minimum; V8 = 1 V V8 = 1 V V8 = 1 V V8 = 1 V R8 = 0 ; Tamb < +85 C VCC = 4.5 V to 5.1 V R8 = 0 ; VCC = 4.5 V to 5.1 V R8 = 0 k; Tamb < +85 C R8 = 0 k R8 = 47 k tonRXD SR tWAKE tdRXDL Vstb Islope Vslope
[1] [2]
Min 0.8VCC 0 0 5 20
Typ 150 -
Max VCC 0.2VCC 1.5 25 100 0.55VCC 0.6VCC 1 50 80 120 150 170 170 190 400 550 20 3 200 0.6VCC
Unit mV V V V k k V V s ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns V/s s s V A V
Timing (RL = 60 ; CL = 100 ; unless otherwise specified; see Figure 4, Figure 6 and Figure 7
delay TXD to receiver active CANH, CANL slew rate wake-up time from Standby (via pin 8) bus dominant to RXD LOW input voltage for Standby mode Slope control mode current Slope control mode voltage
I1 = I4 = I5 = 0 mA; 0 V < V6 < VCC; 0 V < V7 < VCC; V8 = VCC; Tamb < 90 C. This is valid for the receiver in all modes: High-speed, Slope control and Standby.
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CAN transceiver for 24 V systems
100 nF
CANH
60 100 pF
PCA82C251
6 8 Rs
CANL
mbg614
Fig 3.
Vdiff
Fig 4.
VRXD HIGH
LOW hysteresis
0.5
0.9
Fig 5.
Hysteresis.
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CAN transceiver for 24 V systems
VCC VRs 0V
VRXD tWAKE
mbg617
VTXD = 1 V.
Fig 6.
1.5 V Vdiff 0V
VRXD
tdRXDL
mbg618
VRs = 4 V; VTXD = 4 V.
Fig 7.
100 nF
CANH
60
500 pF
PCA82C251
6
SCHAFFNER GENERATOR
500 pF
CANL
The waveforms of the applied transients shall be in accordance with ISO 7637 part 1, test pulses 1, 2, 3a and 3b.
Fig 8.
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P8xC592 CAN-CONTROLLER
CTX0 CRX0 CRX1 PX,Y
Rext
TXD
RXD
Vref
+5 V Rs VCC
PCA82C251 CAN-TRANSCEIVER
100 nF
GND
CANH
120
CANL
120 mbg620
(1) The output control register of the P8xC592 should be programmed to 1AH (push-pull operation, dominant = LOW). (2) If no slope control is desired: Rext = 0.
Fig 9.
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CAN transceiver for 24 V systems
A X
c
y
HE
v M A
Z
8 5
Q A2
pin 1 index
A1
(A 3) Lp L
bp
w M
detail X
2.5 scale
5 mm
DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions) UNIT mm inches Notes 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm (0.006 inch) maximum per side are not included. 2. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION SOT96-1 REFERENCES IEC
076E03
A max. 1.75
0.069
A1 0.25 0.10
A2 1.45 1.25
A3 0.25
0.01
bp 0.49 0.36
c 0.25 0.19
e 1.27
0.05
HE 6.2 5.8
L 1.05
Lp 1.0 0.4
Q 0.7 0.6
v 0.25
0.01
w 0.25
0.01
y 0.1
0.004
8 o 0
JEDEC
MS-012
JEITA
EUROPEAN PROJECTION
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Through-hole components Leaded or leadless SMDs, which are glued to the surface of the printed circuit board
Not all SMDs can be wave soldered. Packages with solder balls, and some leadless packages which have solder lands underneath the body, cannot be wave soldered. Also, leaded SMDs with leads having a pitch smaller than ~0.6 mm cannot be wave soldered, due to an increased probability of bridging. The reflow soldering process involves applying solder paste to a board, followed by component placement and exposure to a temperature profile. Leaded packages, packages with solder balls, and leadless packages are all reflow solderable. Key characteristics in both wave and reflow soldering are:
Board specifications, including the board finish, solder masks and vias Package footprints, including solder thieves and orientation The moisture sensitivity level of the packages Package placement Inspection and repair Lead-free soldering versus SnPb soldering
Process issues, such as application of adhesive and flux, clinching of leads, board
transport, the solder wave parameters, and the time during which components are exposed to the wave
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CAN transceiver for 24 V systems
Lead-free versus SnPb soldering; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads to
higher minimum peak temperatures (see Figure 11) than a SnPb process, thus reducing the process window
Solder paste printing issues including smearing, release, and adjusting the process
window for a mix of large and small components on one board
Reflow temperature profile; this profile includes preheat, reflow (in which the board is
heated to the peak temperature) and cooling down. It is imperative that the peak temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder paste characteristic). In addition, the peak temperature must be low enough that the packages and/or boards are not damaged. The peak temperature of the package depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with Table 9 and 10
Table 9. SnPb eutectic process (from J-STD-020C) Package reflow temperature (C) Volume (mm3) < 350 < 2.5 2.5 Table 10. 235 220 Lead-free process (from J-STD-020C) Package reflow temperature (C) Volume (mm3) < 350 < 1.6 1.6 to 2.5 > 2.5 260 260 250 350 to 2000 260 250 245 > 2000 260 245 245 350 220 220
Moisture sensitivity precautions, as indicated on the packing, must be respected at all times. Studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow soldering, see Figure 11.
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CAN transceiver for 24 V systems
temperature
peak temperature
time
001aac844
For further information on temperature profiles, refer to Application Note AN10365 Surface mount reflow soldering description.
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The format of this data sheet has been redesigned to comply with the new identity guidelines of NXP Semiconductors. Legal texts have been adapted to the new company name where appropriate. DIP8 package discontinued; bare die no longer available. Section 4 Quick reference data tPD propagation delay added. Product data sheet Product data sheet Product data sheet PCA82C251_2 PCA82C251_1 -
20000113 19970314 -
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Definition This document contains data from the objective specification for product development. This document contains data from the preliminary specification. This document contains the product specification.
Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. The term short data sheet is explained in section Definitions. The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. The latest product status information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com.
16.2 Definitions
Draft The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Short data sheet A short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet with the same product type number(s) and title. A short data sheet is intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and full information. For detailed and full information see the relevant full data sheet, which is available on request via the local NXP Semiconductors sales office. In case of any inconsistency or conflict with the short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail.
damage. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customers own risk. Applications Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Limiting values Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) may cause permanent damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of this document is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Terms and conditions of sale NXP Semiconductors products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, including those pertaining to warranty, intellectual property rights infringement and limitation of liability, unless explicitly otherwise agreed to in writing by NXP Semiconductors. In case of any inconsistency or conflict between information in this document and such terms and conditions, the latter will prevail. No offer to sell or license Nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Export control This document as well as the item(s) described herein may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior authorization from national authorities. Quick reference data The Quick reference data is an extract of the product data given in the Limiting values and Characteristics sections of this document, and as such is not complete, exhaustive or legally binding.
16.3 Disclaimers
General Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Right to make changes NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. Suitability for use NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental
16.4 Trademarks
Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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18. Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7.1 7.2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 15 16 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 17 18 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Quick reference data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Limiting values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Thermal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Application information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Soldering of SMD packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Introduction to soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Wave and reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Wave soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Contact information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section Legal information.
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com Date of release: 28 January 2010 Document identifier: PCA82C251_4