98-1

Med98

2pts/ (/)
1. Two balls of ideal motion, one is projectile and the other is free fall, which both start to move at the same
time. Which statements are correct?(1)(2)(3)(4)
1) In the projectile motion, the object moves with constant acceleration in the vertical direction.
2) The vertical positions of the two balls are identical at identical times, while the horizontal position of
the projected ball increases linearly.
3) Kinematics can be applied to analyze both types of motion.
4) Both types of motion do not provide any implication for the dynamics, i.e, without any insights as to
mechanism caused the motion.

2. The figure () shows a boy swinging starting at a point higher than P.
Consider the following distinct forces:
A. a downward force of gravity
B. a force exerted by the rope pointing from P to O
C. a force in the direction of the boy's motion.
D. a force pointing from O to P.
3.Which of the above forces is acting on the boy when he is at position P?
1) A only
2) A and B
3) A and C
4) A, B, and C
5) A, C, and D
4. A hunter raised a gun to shoot a monster. The monster was scared, and immediately fell down vertically to
ground when shot. The hunter used two kinds of bullet: light and heavy in weight, in the case of frictionless
air? (1)
1) The light bullet was able to shoot the monster.
2) The heavy bullet is not able to shoot the monster.
3) Either the light or the heavy bullet was able to shoot the monster.
4) Neither the light nor the heavy bullet was able to shoot the monster.

5. A system of particles is known to have a total kinetic energy of zero. Then, the momentum of the system
is zero. If a system of particles is known to have a total momentum of zero, does it necessarily follow that
the total kinetic energy of the system is also zero? (2)
1) yes
2) no. why: ________________

 0 ( 0) 0 0
6. Weighted hand in equilibrium condition depicted as the right figure ().
(mg=50.0N, d=3.00cm, l=30.0cm) How much force does the Biceps make? (3)
1) 30.0N
2) 50.0N
3) 500N
4) 300N
50 30 = F 3 F = 500(N)
7. Two spheres have the same radius and equal masses. One is made of solid aluminum, and the other is
made from a hollow shell of gold. Which one has the bigger moment of inertia about an axis through its
center? (2)
1) solid aluminum
2) hollow gold
3) both is the same

I = 2 r
8. Which is the following statement true about the elastic moduli of materials? (2)(5)
1) Bulk Modulus measures the resistance of a solid to a change in its length.
2) Shear Modulus measures the resistance to motion of the planes within a solid parallel to each other.
3) The tensile strain is the ratio of the external force to the cross-sectional area.
4) The tension stress is the ratio of the change in length to the original length.
5) Young's modulus is the ratio of (tension stress)/(tensile strain).

(1) Bulk Modulus measures the resistance of a solid to a change in its volume.
(3) The tensile stress is the ratio of the external force to the cross-sectional area.
(4) The tension strain is the ratio of the change in length to the original length.
9. What does the following statements about the fluid is right? (3)
1) the mass flow flux is defined as the velocity times its cross-section.
2) the fluid is imcompressible because of its velocity kept constant all the time.
3) the density of a fluid is defined as the ratio of its mass per unit volume.
4) the specific gravity is defined as its weight per unit volume.

(1) the volume flow flux is defined as the velocity times its cross-section.
(2) the fluid is imcompressible because of its density kept constant all the time.
(4) the specific weight is defined as its weight per unit volume.
10. What does a Newtonian fluid mean? And what does a non-Newtonian fluid mean? (3)
1) the air, water or small molecules are non-Newtonian fluid.

2) A Newtonian needs a start-up shearing stress.

3) A non-Newtonian means that the power law relation =(du/dy)^n holds true, for the case of n>1 or
n<1.
4) A human blood is non-Newtonian for almost circumstances in circulation.

(1) the air, water or small molecules are Newtonian fluid.

(2) Bingham fluid start-up shearing stress
(4) A human blood is Newtonian for almost circumstances in circulation.
11. Which of the following statements is true about the Equation of Continuity in a fluid? (1)(2)
1) the mass flow flux in fluid is constant everywhere.
2) for an incompressible fluid, its form can reduce as vA=constant
3) for a compressible fluid, its form can reduce as vA=constant
4) the volume flow flux in fluid is constant everywhere.

(3)
(4) the mass flow flux in fluid is constant everywhere.
12. Which of the following statement, regarding the flow rate Q along the round tube described by yvv
Poiseuille's Equation, is true? (3)
1) Q is proportional to the cubic of the radius.
2) Q is proportional to the length of the tube.
3) Q is inverse to its viscosity coefficient.
4) the velocity of the fluid reaches maximum at the boundary layer of the tube.

(1) R4
(2)
(4)
13. What's Reynold number? (1)
1) it can be defined as the ratio of inertial forces to its viscous forces.
2) it is a dimensional quantity ()
3) for a typical laminar flow, the Reynold number always greater than 4000.
4) for a typical turbulent flow, Reynold number always smaller than 2300.

(2) Reynold number

(3) Re 2300
(4) Re 4000
14. After a pendulum starts swinging, its amplitude gradually decreases with time because of friction. What
happens to the period of the pendulum during this time? (2)
1) period increases.

2) period does not change.

3) period decreases.

( = (2) )

15. The moment of inertia of the ring is mr2(m:mass and r:radius) in case of the ring hoop about central axis.
If the ring hoops on a hug(), what is the moment of inertia? (4)
1) 0.5 mr2
2) 1 mr2
3) 1.5 mr2
4) 2 mr2
I = . + 2 = 2 + 2 = 2 2
16. A gryoscope can be described by its precessional motion. (2)(4)
1) The normal force produces a torque about the pivot, and this torque is perpendicular to the axle.
2) Angular momentum of top's spin is changed by the torque, results in top precesses about the z axis.
3) the precessional frequency increases as the frequency of top's spin is increased.
4) precession is usually slow relative to the spinning motion of the top.

(1) The gravity produces a torque about the pivot, and this torque is perpendicular to the axle.

(3) the precessional frequency decreases as the frequency of top's spin is increased. (p = =

17. Which of the following statement is correct?

1) When the spins of the proton and neutrons comprising these nuclei are paired, the overall spin of the
charged nucleus generates a magnetic dipole moment.
2) Larmor frequency is related to the nucleus-spin under magnetic field.
3) the gyromagnetic ratio is a constant for a given nucleus.
4) The energy at the Larmor frequency is either absorbed or emitted in a transition between the two
excitation states of the spin systems.
5) The detection and acquisition of RF signals at the characteristic Larmor frequency constitutes the
basic information for NMR spectroscopy and imaging.
18. If the flow of a fluid , as shown in the figure, from laminar to turbulent, when: (1)(2)(4)
1) Reynold number increases.
2) the fluid goes above some critical speed.
3) the viscosity of the fluid becomes much greater.
4) the viscosity of the fluid becomes much smaller.

(1) Reynold number

(3) the viscosity of the fluid becomes much smaller. ( =

Re )

19. Water flows through a 1-cm diameter pipe connected to a 1/2-cm diameter pipe. Compared to the speed
of the water in the 1-cm pipe, the speed in the 1/2-cm pipe is: (5)
1) one quarter
2) one half
3) the same
4) double
5) four times.
1 1 = 2 2 1/2-cm pipe 1-cm pipe 1/4
4
20. A blood platelet drifts along with the flow of blood through an artery that is partially blocked. As the
platelet moves from the wide region into the narrow region, the blood pressure: (2)
1) increases
2) decreases
3) stays the same
4) drops to zero.
1 1 = 2 2 Bernoullis
1

EquationP + gy + 2 2 = v
21. A layer of water is between a stationary surface and a moving plate as shown in 2 figures below.
The plate velocities in each figure are the same. The water in the 2nd figure is twice as deep as the water
layer in the 1st figure. The water layer is laminar. Which is correct? (5)
1) F1 equals F2
2) F1 equals 4F3
3) F1 equals F2/2
4) F1 equals F2/4
5) F1 equals 2F2.

F = A F l

1
2

= 2 = 2
1

22. The travelling wave represented by y(x,t) = A sin(t+kx). (4)

1) t+kx must be a constant.
2) the wave travels in the +x direction
3) wave moves with a speed of +/k
4) y'(x,t) = A sin(t+kx+kx), the phase difference between y(x,t)
and y'(x,t): is =2x
23. Interference of two waves happens to be:
1) constuctive interference when two waves are in phase,
2) beats as the waves added with their slightly different frequencies,
3) standing wave when the amplitude of resultant wave at antinodes varies with position.

4) resonance when nodes occur at both ends, for a string clamped at both ends.
24. (3)
1)
2)
3)
4) ()

(1)

(2) v =
(3) v = 331 + 0.6t
(4) ()
25. ?
1)
2)
3)
4)
26. (1)(2)
1)
2)
3) (stress relaxation)
4) (creep)

(3) (creep)
(4) (stress relaxation)
27. d

1
1
d
= +

dt

E
()=*()
1)
2)
3) () = E0

(1)

(3) () = E0 ;

dt

28. : (3)(4)
1)
2)
3)
4)

(1)
(2)
(3) Elaticity p.16
29. 10m/s
f=600Hz
50m/s
350m/s
1) f * (350-10)/(350-50) Hz
2) f * 350/(350+40) Hz
3) f * (350+10)/(350+50) Hz
4) f * (350+10)/(350-50) Hz
3pts/
1. Each levers of human body are shown in the right figures.
(a) indicate the class of lever for each status, by filling class I or II or III in each blank.
(b) Filling in the mechanical advantage (M.A.) (>1,=1,<1) in each blank.

n=1
Class I

n>1
Class II

n<1
Class III

2. Write down the volume flux along the tube in terms of (viscosity), r(tube) , L (tube length), P(pressure
difference), and explain the significances of the Poiseuille's Equation. What happens if the radius reduced
the size by half?

Q=

4 (1 ;2 )
8

Q R L (P1-P2)

Poiseuille's Equation
(1)
(2)

(3)
Poiseuille's Equation
1/2 1/16
R(Flow resistance) =

16

3. A Newtonian fluid with a dynamics or absolute viscosity of 0.98Ns/m2 and a specific gravity of 0.91
flows through a 25mm diameter pipe with a velocity of 2.6m/s, please calculate Reynold Number, and what
kinds of flow type the fluid is?
=

(0.91103 )2.6(25103 )
0.98

= 60.36 (<2300) ~ Laminar Flow ()

4. We can use the equation of constant acceleration to analyze the vertical jumping ability of animals. Could
human vertically jump as high as its body length?

No

(Yes/No). What is the take-off acceleration in

terms of d, h, and g? (Given that v 2 = 0 2 + 2ax)

v 2 = 0 2 + 2ax v 2 = 02 + 2 d
v v = 0 02 = 2 2h v = 2

v 2 = 02 + 2 d =
h>d
5. 1) A venturi meter can be used to measure fluid flowby
measuring pressure differences. Using the Bernoulli Equation to
derive the volume flow in terms of v, A, .
2) Write down and explain briefly, the 3 different cases that
can be applied by the application of the Bernoulli equation.

(1) Q = 1 1 = 2 2 (1)
1

Bernoullis Equation 1 + 2 1 2 + 1 = 2 + 2 2 2 + 2
1

y1=y2 1 2 = 2 (1 2 2 2 ) (2)

(1) 1 = 2 = 1 2 2 2 = 2 ( 2 2 )
(2) Q = 1

2(1 ;2 )
(

1 2 2 2

(2)

6. 1) Which is the correct way to lift a weight? _____ (a or b)

2) Explain __________

(1) b
(2)

7. Draw the force diagram for the spine of a man bending over to lift a weight.

8. Try to estimate the force exerted on your eardrum if swimming at the bottom of a pool with a 10m depth.
We approximate the area of a human eardrum with a reasonable 1cm2.

3
P = + = 1.0336
2 + 10 10
2

= 1.0336 + 104 10;4 2 = 2.0336

2.0336

2
2 1 = 2.0336 w

9. What does the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect, which the blood viscosity drops significantly as the vessel
diameter is less than 1mm mean?

1mm 1mm

10. 1) What is the differences between the Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid?
2) And try to plot the characteristic curve in terms of (sharing stress), d/dt(rate of shearing strain).
3) Why the blood flow is a non-Newtonian fluid at the low shear rate? Explain it qualitatively.
4) What is the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect?

(1)

(2) Newtonian fluidShear thinning Shear thickening

(3) (shear rate)

(4) 1mm
11. Try to estimate the force exerted on your eardrum if swimming at the bottom of a pool with a 10m depth.
We approximate the area of a human eardrum with a reasonable 1cm2.

P = + = 1.0336 2 + 103 10 2

= 1.0336 + 104 10;4 2 = 2.0336

2.0336

2
2 1 = 2.0336 w

12. Write the expression for:

a) Moment of inertia (I) in terms of density: __________
b) Parallel-Axis Theorem: ____________

(a) I = 2 = 2 () = 2
(b) I = + 2
13. Find out the direction and the magnitude of the precessional frequency p of the gyroscopy in terms of
the I (inertia moment), M(the mass of the gyro) , and (the rotation frequency of the gyro).

(dt)(d)
Ld = dL
(
)

= I

 Ld = dL L =

= L =

p =

= p L

= h Mg = I

p = =

p( = p L)

14. Poiseuille's equation describes the rate of flow of fluid in a round tube depends on: _________________

It depends on the viscosity of the fluid, the pressure difference, and the dimension of the tube.
15. A student holds the axle of the spinning wheel, which is spinning in a horizontal plane with an angular
momentum Li upward, while seated on a stool which is free to rotate, and the student and the stool are all
initially at rest. What happens and what the direction and magnitude of the net angular momentum L of the
stool and the student is, if the students invert the wheel upside-down, in terms of Li.

L =

L = = ( + ) = 2

16. A person with constricted arteries will find that they may experience a temporary lack of blood to the
brain, called a Transient ischemic attack (TIA). Explain in terms of dynamic fluid mechanics.

Q=

4 (1 ;2 )
8

Q R L (P1-P2)

R(Flow resistance) =

= 4 r

17. Describe the transmission and reflection of wave propagation along rope linked with two different
densities, by drawing figures.
18. 1) What is the magnetic spin moment and the gyromagnetic ratio for the proton, in terms of L(angular
momentum), e(electric current), and mp (mass of the proton)?
2) Write down the frequency of the nucleus magnetic resonance, if the gyromagnetic ratio, the
external magnetic field is , B respectively.
3) Write down the population ratio, the so called Saha equation, between the two states of a spin
one-half system.
4) Why do we choose the hydrogen atoms as the main MRI sources, in a human body?

19. 1) ()
2)

(1)
FT = mV T

(2)

20. 1) MRI T1T2

2) T1 (Malignant Tissues)(normal tissues): ()

21. A modeB mode M modeA mode _____
B mode _____M mode _________
22.
23. ________________
_________
10pts/

1. a) Using a mathematical approach to describe the Simple Harmonic Motion of a spring-mass system.
b) Describe the physics behavior of Forced Oscillations.

(a)

=
kx = m
=
a=

2
2

(1)

(2)

2
2

x(t) = A cos( + ) 2 = (

2
2

= )

(b) Forced Oscillation F(t)=F0cos(t)

2

F(t) kx = ma = m 2

x=Acos(t) A(m2 + k) cos(t) = F(t) = 0 cos()

A(m2 + k) = 0

A = ;02: = (;20:

2)

0 =

Forced Oscillation 0 x A (resonance)

2. a) Define the viscosity of fluids.
b) Describe the relation between shearing stress and rate of shearing strain for Newtonian and
Non-Newtonian properties of blood.

(a) (, viscosity)

1 Poise = 1g ;1 ;1

(b) low shear rate Non-Newtonian fluid high shear rate

Newtonian fluid

3. 10 10
a)
b)
c)
d)