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a) Principles are considered sound when they are formulated from carefully observed facts or objectively measured results

which are common to

a series of experiences.

similar

b) Principles are also considered valid when they are the results of scientific experimentations, expert opinions, and

classroom observations experiences.

and

c)Principles when understood and accepted, served in important ways to

guide the individuals reflective thinking and his choice of activities.

Principles are the bases in stimulating, directing, guiding and

encouraging the learners in their teaching. They are used as guides to educational procedure. They are the guides in making teaching and learning activities effective and productive.

d) Principles and techniques do not work effectively by themselves. There is constant interplay which gradually improves the selection and functioning of

both principles techniques.

and

e) Principles are the criteria to be used by the teachers in the evaluation of their teaching and of the learning of the

learners. They also serve to determine and evaluate educational objectives, practices and outcomes.
f)

Principles are needed to guide techniques, but in no way do they

supplant the fundamental role of techniques in carrying on the process and activities which make up the day-to-day work of teaching and learning.

g)Principles, although based on enduring concepts and values, are themselves subject to change. They are dynamic, not static. Principles do change with the discovery of new facts, with new

educational philosophy, and with changes in social and moral values.

h) Principles are workable only under normal conditions. When the classroom conditions are

abnormal, common sense must be guiding factor in meeting the situation. Common sense is the ability to do and to say the right thing at the right time in

the right way to the right person.

Common sense is the right kind of personality in action. It is practical intelligence and tact in

behavior. It is a product of individual experience gained through contact with practical problems of life and through lessons derived from success and failure.

i) Principles are of great value if they are

basically true and applied into the learning situations.

Thus, the use general principles

of in

the field of teaching involves considerably more than a mere statement of sound basic principles. If the principles taught are acquired in the best way, there can be little

question validity.

of

their

j) Principles oftentimes overlap or even at times conflict with each other. However, although principles at time overlap,

nevertheless, they work out harmoniously in achieving the desired objectives or aims. k) Principles are means to ends and never ends in themselves.

When abstract principles are used as guides and evaluate the conduct of life, they must be translated into means and measures of action.

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