ATTENTION , MEMORY AND CONCEPT FORMATION

Definition of Attention
Attention is concentration of consciousness on some perceived object.

Factor of Attention
Positive Negative

Condition of Attention

Subjective Condition
Interest Disposition Freshness Motive Expectancy Knowledge Emotion Curiosity Attitude

Objective Condition
Intensity Novelty Contrast Bigger Repetition Definite form Movement Duration Colour Familiarity

Distraction of attention Effects on MR. Children

Lake of interest Strong stimuli effect Weak Illness Psychological stress Loudness

Fatigue

Concept Formation
Definition
It is a general idea & it is found upon perception formed by an individual about a class of object on experience or event based.

Concept Formation
Concept formation is one important concept of thoughts. A concept is way of categorizing is classifying the people objects & events in the environment. Animal, Birds, Trees, Fish, Colors.

Thinking Concept Formation

Process of concept Foration

DEFINITION
The process of concept formation & development start with people receiving feedback about whether or not an object is part of a particulars concept according its attribution.

Methods of Concept Formation

1. Discriminative learning 2. Content 3. Definition 4. Classification 5. Transfer 6. Concrete & Abstract Concept 7. Distinctiveness 8. Language 9. Information 10. Organization

Development of Concept
1. Sensoriomotor period 2. Pre-Operational Period 3. concrete operational period 7 years 11 years

4. operational period 11 years to 15 years

Kinds of Concept
1. Concept of Self 2. Concept of Space 3. Concept of Time 4. Concept of Form & Color 5. Concept of weight 6. Concept of Currency 7. Concept of Causation 8. Concrete Concept 9. Abstract Concept 10. Conjunctives concept 11. Disconjuctive concept

Memory
DEFINITION It is a mental capacity to store and later recall or recognize. Events that were previously experienced.

3Rs
Record Retain Retrieve

ASPECTS OF MEMORY
Learning Recognition Retention Recall

FORMING MEMORY
Encoding Getting information in the process converted the information into code in order to keep them in memory. 1. Acoustic sounds of words 2. Visual Image 3. Semantic Meaning STORAGE To retain material over a period of time is. RETRIEVAL The process by which previously encoded stored information are brought back for current use.

MEMORY MODEL

Stimulus

Sensory Registration

Short Term Memory

Consolidation

Memory

Long Term Memory

Sensory Memory
1. Specific to our Sensory 2. Registeraton Information Briefly (5 sec)

Types of Sensory Memory

1. Iconic memory 2. Echonic memory visual sound

Short Term Memory

1.Brief storage of information (Seconds to minutes) 2. 6-7 digits limited span 3. Limited duration (30 sec) 4. Chunking 68527 (68527)

Long Term Memory

1. Long duration 2. Organized 3. Useful

Aspects of Long Term Memory

Semantic Memory It covers ideas, rules and general concept about world Episodic Memory It covers specific event,objects and situation

Categories of Memory
1. Declarative (What) 2. Non declarative (How)

Declarative
It is a conscious memory that can be expressed by language. This is the memory for things that one can recall and easily forgotten. It is also called non procedural memory

Non-Declarative/Implicit/Procedural Memory [How]

It is a largely subconscious relating to do task. It is not available to conscious mind at least not in any detail such memory involve skills and associations that are, by and large

acquired and retrieved at conscious level, for example, remembering how to ride bicycle are play a musical instrument and how to dial a number.

Type of Memory
1. Good Memory. 2. Rote Memory. 3. Complete Memory. 4. Incomplete Memory.

Measurement of Memory
1. Recall 2. Recognition 3. Relearning 4. Rearrangement Recall Recall consist doing how what you learned to do before. Recognition Differentiate between what has been experienced before and what is new. Complete recognition Partial recognition Indirect recognition

Factor of Recognition
Motivation Familiarity Association

Method of relearning
Relearning determiner how efficiently on individual can reacquire material he has previously.

Method of rearrangement

FORGETFULNESS AMNESIA
It is total or partial in ability to recall past experience

Method of Forgetfulness
Ebbing us work Bartlet experiment

Factor of amnesia
Time period Effects of another event or experiment Lack of attention Fear Motivation Complex Emotions Health Repetition