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Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Department of Civil Engineering
Autumn Semester 2011-2012

CE 307 Desi gn of St r uct ur es I

Laboratory 8 Solution

September 23, 2011


Common data for both problems:
1. Maximum size of aggregate 20 mm
2. Stirrups bar diameter 8 mm
3. Top anchor bars 12 mm
4. Exposure condition: Severe


Design Data:
Span, l = 10 m
Width of Beam, b = 230 mm
Total depth of Beam, D = 550 mm
Concrete strength, f
ck
= 35 MPa
Steel strength, f
y
= 500 MPa

Support Moment:
Moment due to dead load, M
sup,DL
= 95 kN-m
Moment due to Live load, M
sup,IL
= 145 kN-m

Mid-span Moment:
Moment due to dead load, M
mid,DL
= 75 kN-m
Moment due to Live load, M
mid,IL
= 135 kN-m

Design for Support Moment:

1. Calculate the Ultimate Support Moment:
( )
( )
,sup sup, sup,
,sup
1.5
1.5 95 145
u DL IL
u
M M M
M
= +
= +


,sup
360
u
M = kN-m

2. Calculate d & d:

Given, 550 D = mm. Assume maximum longitudinal bar diameter of 32 mm and
transverse reinforcement diameter of 8 mm.
Hence, 550 45 8 16 481 480 d = = ~ mm
d' = Depth of compression reinforcement = 45 8 16 69 70 + + = ~

mm
2
Depth ration = d/d = 0.145.

3. Calculate M
u,lim
:
From balanced-section considerations:

2
,lim
2
,lim
0.133
0.133 35 230 480
u ck
u
M f b d
M
=
=


,lim
241.5
u
M = kNm <
,sup u
M
Therefore, design the beam at support as doubly-reinforced section.
Calculate area of steel (you can also calculate this directly using other expressions
derived in class):
a. Calculate:
.max
700
0.456
1100 0.87
u
y
x
d f
= =
+

b. Determine lever-arm:


.max
max
1 0.416 384.89
u
x
z d
d
(
= =
(

mm
c. Determine area of required tension steel for limiting moment:


,lim
1
max
1221
0.87
u
st
y
M
A
f z
= = mm
2


4. Calculate A
st2
:
,2
2 '
665
0.87 ( )
u
st
y
M
A
f d d
= =

mm
2


5. Calculate Total A
st
:
1 2
1886
st st st
A A A = + = mm
2
Adopt 2-Y32+1-Y20 bars in tension (total area
, st provided
A = 1922 mm
2
,
or
,
1.74%
t tension
p = )
Actual additional tensile steel provided,
2
2, , 1
701mm
st provided st provided st
A A A = =

Note There may be problem with distributing 3 bars in tension at the same
level.
Alternately, we may also adopt 4-Y25 bars in tension (total area
, st provided
A =
1964 mm
2
, or
,
1.78%
t tension
p = ), and carry out further calculations accordingly.

6. Calculate f
sc
:
f
sc
= 395 N/mm
2
(From Table-F of SP 16 as given in class)

7. Calculate A
sc
:
3
2,
0.87
772
st provided y
sc
sc
A f
A
f

= = mm
2

Adopt 2-Y20 + 1-Y16 bars in compression (total area
, sc provided
A = 829 mm
2
)



Clear spacing check:
a. Clear spacing between tension bars =
[230 (2 45) (2 8) (4 25)] / 3 8 = mm
Required clear spacing = 20 (max aggregate size) + 5 = 25 mm (Clause
26.3.2) > Clear spacing between bars.
Hence provide the bars in two layers.

b. Clear spacing Compression between bars =
[230 (2 45) (2 8) (3 20)] / 2 32 = mm
Required clear spacing = 20 (max aggregate size) + 5 = 25 mm (Clause
26.3.2) < Clear spacing between bars.
Hence OK.

Minimum longitudinal steel content:
a. Tension steel:

{ }
,min
0.24
0.85
max , max 0.0017, 0.0028 0.0028
ck
t
y y
f
f f

= = =
`

)

Since
, ,min t temsion t
p p >
Hence OK.

Maximum longitudinal steel content:
a. Tension steel:
{ }
,max
min 0.04 , 0.025 min 0.045, 0.025 0.025
t
D
d

= = =
`
)

Or
,min
2.5%
t
p = >
, t tension
p
Hence OK.


Design for Mid-Span Moment:

1. Calculate the Ultimate Support Moment:
( )
( )
, , ,
,
1.5
1.5 75 135
u mid mid dead mid live
u mid
M M M
M
= +
= +


,sup
315
u
M = kNm


2. Calculate d & d:

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Given, 550 D = mm. Assume maximum longitudinal bar diameter of 32 mm and
transverse reinforcement diameter of 8 mm.
Hence, 550 45 8 16 481 480 d = = ~ mm
d' = Depth of compression reinforcement = 45 8 16 69 70 + + = ~

mm
Depth ration = d/d = 0.145.

3. Calculate M
u,lim
:
From balanced-section considerations:

2
,lim
2
,lim
0.133
0.133 35 230 480
u ck
u
M f b d
M
=
=


,lim
241.5
u
M = kNm <
,sup u
M
Therefore, design the beam at support as doubly-reinforced section.
Calculate area of steel (you can also calculate this directly using other expressions
derived in class):
a. Calculate:
.max
700
0.456
1100 0.87
u
y
x
d f
= =
+

b. Determine lever-arm:


.max
max
1 0.416 384.89
u
x
z d
d
(
= =
(

mm
c. Determine area of required tension steel for limiting moment:


,lim
1
max
1221
0.87
u
st
y
M
A
f z
= = mm
2


4. Calculate A
st2
:
,2
2 '
413
0.87 ( )
u
st
y
M
A
f d d
= =

mm
2

5. Calculate Total A
st
:
1 2
1634
st st st
A A A = + = mm
2
Adopt 2-Y28+2-Y16 bars in tension (total area
, st provided
A = 1634 mm
2
,
or
,
1.62%
t tension
p = )
Actual additional tensile steel provided,
2
2, , 1
413 mm
st provided st provided st
A A A = =

6. Calculate f
sc
:
f
sc
= 395 N/mm
2
(From Table-F of SP 16 as given in class)

7. Calculate A
sc
:
5
2,
0.87
455
st provided y
sc
sc
A f
A
f

= = mm
2

Adopt 2-Y20 bars in compression (total area
, sc provided
A = 628 mm
2
)

Clear spacing check:
a. Clear spacing between tension bars =
[230 (2 45) (2 8) (2 28) (2 16)] / 3 12 = mm
Required clear spacing = 20 (max aggregate size) + 5 = 25 mm (Clause
26.3.2) > Clear spacing between bars.
Hence provide the bars in two layers.

b. Clear spacing Compression between bars =
[230 (2 45) (2 8) (2 20)] 84 = mm
Required clear spacing = 20 (max aggregate size) + 5 = 25 mm (Clause
26.3.2) < Clear spacing between bars.
Hence OK.

c. The minimum and maximum steel content check is not given here since their
values have already been calculated above, and the steel provided is seen to be
within this limit.

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