Windows Server 2008 Overview

Tran Hong Ngoc (thngoc@fit.hcmus.edu.vn)

@Fit.US.HCMC/2011

Content
What is NOS? Origins of WS2k8 Windows Server 2008 WS2k8 & Clients Activities

What is NOS?
NOS = Network Operating System Families of OS:
Desktop Server

Server OS lines:
Macintosh OSX Microsoft Windows Server Novell Netware UNIX

What is NOS?
OS, such as Windows, that are designed for single users to control one computer. NOSs coordinate the activities of multiple computers across a network. NOS acts as a director to keep the network running smoothly. The two major types of network operating systems are: Peer-to-Peer Client/Server

Origins of WS2k8
Percentage of Windows OS usage in the world:
Desktop: ~97% Server: >50%

Origins
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) Initial release in 1981 (written by Tim Peterson)
PC-DOS (IBM) MS-DOS (Tandy, Compaq)

5/1982, MS-DOS 1.25 shipped

Support for subdirectories and hard drives (2.0) Support for hard disk partitions up to 32MB (3.0) Microsoft networking (3.1) Support for 3.5 inch, 720KB floppy disk drivers (3.2) Support for QBASIC programming language (5.0)
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Origins of WS2k8
Win 1.0: Nov 1985 Win 2.0: 1987
Support for Intel 8086 and 8080 micro processors 1MB RAM

Win 3.0, ran on top of the MS-DOS: May 1990

achieved broad commercial success Program Manager and File Manager, 16MB RAM

Win 3.1: April 1992

True type fonts, multimedia P2P networking

Win 3.11:
P2P networking and domains
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Origins of WS2k8
Win 95 (Aug 1995):
run on DOS 7.0 supporting long name file and booting from cdrom to hardware included new plug-and-play technologies

Win 95B, Win 98 (Jun 1998): run on DOS 7.1 which supports FAT32
Win 98: IE4.0, graphics card, USB, DVD, FAT32 Win 98SE: IE5.0, better multimedia, ICS (Internet connection sharing)

Win Me (Mellennium) (Dec 2000): run on DOS 8.0, support for Multimedia
The last version based on Win95/DOS

OS/2 (1984): joint development by Microsoft & IBM created multitasking OS using 80286 processor OS/2 (3.0) running on 80386 processor
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Origins of Windows OS
Microsoft and IBM seperated OS/2 (3.0) was renamed WNT (Windows New Technology) (Jul 1993)
a 32-bit hardware independent software running on 386, 486 the first server OS first time Win was not based on DOS

Microsoft & 3Com to develop the LAN Manager NOS used NetBEUI protocol
Lan Manager has nonroutable nature TCP/IP is the superior choice Lan manager 2.2 stopped when WinNT was released

Origins of Windows OS
WNT 3.1
Workstation: WNT 3.1
support for multiple hardware platforms win32 application programming interface Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) built-in networking, domain security, subsystems for OS/2, POSIX support New Technology File System (NTFS)

WNT 3.1 Advanced Server

RAID 0, 1, 5 (RAID = Redundant Array of Independent Disks) support Microsoft networks, Novell NetWare, Banyan VINES SQL Server, mail solutions,and communication server products such as Microsoft SNA Server the Windows domain model provided a centralized security database single-logon capability to access all resources in the enterprise.
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Origins of Windows OS
WNT 3.5 (Server and Workstation)
Released 1994
Performance enhanced, faster NetWare and UNIX environments Support upgraded Remote Access Service (RAS)

WNT 3.51 (1995)

Last version to use the Windows 3.1 Program Managertype interface

WNT 4.0 (1996)

WNT 4.0 Workstation and WNT 4.0 Server: used Windows 95style Start menu interface, Windows Explorer WNT 4.0 Server Enterprise (1996): Cluster Server, Windows NT Load Balancing Service (WLBS) (32 servers) Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server (1998): support terminals and terminal emulators, to remotely connect to the server and run 32-bit applications and a full desktop environment via the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP).
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Origins of Windows OS
Win 2000
Windows 2000 Professional (workstation): IE 5.01, improved network (wire and wireless), infrared support Windows 2000 Server: Active Directory (centralized accounts and management), replaced LAN Manager Authentication with Kerberos Support Microsoft Management Console (MMC) was a GUI shell NTFS 5.0 (quota, encryption) 3 server versions:

Windows 2000 Server (the base version) Windows 2000 Advanced Server (support for addition processors and memory and supported clusters) Windows 2000 Datacenter Server (support for large amounts of memory and CPUs)
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Origins of Windows OS
Win XP (2001)
Built on the Windows 2000 code base. Windows XP Home Edition: Targeted toward the home user not in a domain environment Windows XP Professional: Targeted toward power and business
Encrypting File System (EFS) was available in XP Professional but not in the Home Edition

Updated user interface: Luna theme Could use two processors the first 64-bit client OS 2002, Windows XP Media Center Edition Windows XP for Tablet PC included built-in handwriting recognition and pen support
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Origins of Windows OS
WS2k3 (WNT 5.2)

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Origins of Windows OS
8 new features of WS2k3
The Microsoft .NET Framework became a core part of the OS. New Active Directory features, added domain controllers IIS 6.0 Updated Terminal Services: access to and control of the server console via the /console switch of the mstsc application Virtual Disk Service (VDS): single interface Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS): time to check data The visual style of Windows XP but disabled it by default.

WS2k3 R2

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Origins of Windows OS

Microsoft promised new OS every two years

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Origins of Windows OS
Wins Vista
Redirection technologies: file system and registry New BitLocker technology (encrypts entire drives) Much faster installation time A separate image for each HAL type is no longer necessary

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Windows Server 2008

At the end of 2007, Microsoft released Windows Server 2008 New features Network Access Protection (NAP): requests a statement of
health (SoH) from each connecting machine, and checks the SoH against health policies for the network. If the connecting machine does not meet the network health level, Windows Server quarantines it and, optionally, sends updates to bring it up to required health levels.

Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.0: integrates with Windows

Communication Foundation (WCF), Windows SharePoint Services, and Web Services. IIS is highly componentized, allowing the installation of specific modules, and is managed via an IIS Manager interface.

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Windows Server 2008

Initial Configuration Tasks (ICT): ICT shortens the time
between installation and enterprise use by giving administrators a more intuitive interface for the initial configuration of items. ICT absorbs the Post-Setup Security Updates (PSSU) stage that Windows 2003 SP1 introduced. ICT locks down a server until the latest fixes are applied and the firewall is configured

Server Manager MMC snap-in: This snap-in gives a single

portal to view and administers nearly all information relating to a servers production health and functionality status.

Windows PowerShell: the standard foundation for most future

Microsoft service technologies

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Windows Server 2008

Server Core
Server Core is a minimal server installation option for computers running on the Windows Server 2008 operating system or later.
Server Core provides a low-maintenance server environment with limited functionality.

only the services and components needed for the supported server functions are installed the command prompt is the default interface for a server cores management a server core installation requires only about 1GB of disk space for the OS components

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Windows Server 2008

Read-Only Domain Controller (RODC) Terminal Services (TS)
allows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) traffic to be sent over encrypted HTTP Locally on remote clients Eeb-based

Windows Deployment Services

Network-based doing

NTFS:
Self-heal in volumn corruption, not chkdsk.exe execution

Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Failover clustering

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Windows Server 2008

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Different Capabilities and Resource Constraints of Different Editions of Windows Server 2008

WS2k8 & Clients Activities

Data Storage and Printing

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WS2k8 & Clients Activities

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WS2k8 & Clients Activities

Networking Services of Windows Server 2008

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