Definition of media Media derived from the Latin is the plural of "Medium" which literally means "Broker" or "Introduction"

is an intermediary or introductory message source and the recipient of the message. Some experts give a definition of learning media. Schramm (1977) suggested that learning is a technology media messenger that can be used for learning purposes. In line with the development of science and technology the use of media, both visual, audial, projected still projected media and motion media can be done collectively and in unison through a single tool called the Multi Media course. Example: today's computer use is projected motion not only the media but can concoct all kinds of media that is interactive. Heinich, et.al. (2002) express : a medium (plural, media) is a channel of communication. Derived from the Latin word meaning between , the term refers to anything that carries information between a source and a receiver. Example include video, television, diagrams, printed material, computers, and instructors. (Criticos, 1996) Media is one component of communication, namely as a messenger from the communicator to the communicant. Miarso (1984) suggested that the learning media is anything that can be used to stimulate thoughts, feelings, concerns and wishes of students so as to encourage the learning process on students. Association for educational communications and technology (AECT) express that media was used for all forms of information distribution process. According to Ibrahim et al. (2004), instructional media is anything that can be used to deliver messages (teaching materials) that may stimulate the attention, interests, thoughts, and feelings of students in learning activity to achieve specific learning goals. Example: pictures, charts, models, film, video, computer, and etc. So it can be said of learning media is an element or component in the learning system where learning medium is an intermediary in the process of delivering a message or information

from the message source (teachers) to the receiver (student), stimulate thoughts, feelings, concerns, and the willingness of students so that they can encourage the learning process.

Characteristic of media (Gerlach & Ely dalam Ibrahim, et.al., 2001) three characteristic of media there are: First, the Traffic fixative, meaning that it can capture, store, and display the return of an object or event. With these capabilities, object or event can be drawn, photographed, recorded, filmed, and then can be stored and when needed can be demonstrated and observed again as the original incident. Second, manipulative ability, meaning the media can display the returned object or event with a variety of changes (manipulation), as necessary, for example, changed its size, speed, color, and can also be repeated presentation. Third, distributive capability, meaning the media able to reach a huge audience numbers in a single presentation simultaneously, such as broadcast TV or Radio.

Kind of media There are many types of learning media. From the most simple and inexpensive to sophisticated and expensive. Anything can be made by teachers themselves and there are factory produced. There are already available in the environment for immediate use and some are deliberately designed. According to Schramm, the media is classified as a medium for complex, expensive, and simple media. Schramm also grouped according to ability of the media coverage, namely (1) extensive and simultaneous coverage such as TV, radio, and facsimile (2) the coverage is limited to the room, such as movies, videos, slides, posters, audio tapes, (3) the media to learn individual, such as books, modules, learning with a computer program checkers telephone. According to Gagne, the media are classified into seven groups, namely the object to be demonstrated, oral communication, print media, a still image, moving images, sound film, and machine learning. The seventh group of instructional media is associated with its ability to fulfill the function according to a hierarchy of learning developed, the thrower stimulus learning,

towing interest in learning, examples of learning behavior, member of external conditions, guiding way of thinking, put over the science, assess achievement, and providing feedback. According to Allen, there are nine media groups, namely: visual silent, film, television, three-dimensional objects, recordings, programmed learning, demonstrations, textbook printing, and oral presentation. In addition to classifying, Allen has also linked between the types of instructional media and learning objectives to be achieved. Allen saw that, certain media have advantages for specific learning purposes, but weak for the purpose of learning. Allen reveals the six learning objectives, among others: info factual, visual recognition, principles and concepts, procedures, skills, and attitudes. Each type of media have different abilities to achieve learning goals; there is a high, medium, and low According to Gerlach and Ely, media grouped according to physical attributes of the eight groups, namely the actual objects, verbal presentation, presentation graphics, a still image, moving images, sound recordings, programmed instruction, and simulation. According to Ibrahim, the media are grouped by size and complex tools and equipment for at least five groups, namely the media without the two-dimensional projection; media without three-dimensional projection; audio media; projection media: television, video, computer. Based on an understanding of the classification of learning media, it will be easier for teachers or other practitioners in making the proper selection of media at the time of the learning plan to achieve certain goals. Media selection is tailored to the objectives, materials, and the ability and characteristics of learners, will strongly support the efficiency and effectiveness of processes and learning outcomes.

Rudy Bretz (1971) classify the media based on three basic elements (sound, visual and motion):

1. Media Audio 2. Print media 3. Visual media silent 4. Visual media motion

5. Semi-motion audio media 6. Semi-motion visual media 7. Audio visual media silent 8. Motion audio visual media Anderson (1976) classify into 10 media: 1. audio: audio cassette, radio, CD, telephone 2. print: textbooks, modules, brochures, leaflets, pictures 3. audio-print: audio cassette that has the written material 4. visual projection silent: Overhead transparency (OHT), the film frames (slides) 5. audio-visual projection silent: silent film frame slide 6. visual motion: a silent movie 7. audio visual motion: motion film sound, Video / VCD, TV 8. physical object: the real thing, models, specimens 9. humans and the environment: teachers, librarians, laboratory 10. computer: CAI Henrich, et al classify: 1. media that are not projected 2. media projected 3. audio media 4. video media 5. computer-based media

6. multi media kit. The media also can classified into visual media, audio media, and audio-visual media. A. VISUAL MEDIA 1. Media that is not projected Media realia is the real thing. The object should not be presented in the classroom, but students can look directly into the object. The advantages of realia media is able to provide a real experience to students. For example to study the diversity of living things, classification of living things, ecosystems, and plant organs. The model is artificial objects in the form of three-dimensional representation or replacement of real objects. The use of models to address specific constraints in lieu of realia. For example to study the motion system, gastrointestinal, respiratory, circulatory systems, excretion, and nerves in animals. Graphic media that transmits visual media classified messages through visual symbols. The function of graphic media is attracting attention, serving to clarify the lesson, and illustrate a fact or concept that is easily forgotten if it is only done through verbal explanations. The types of graphic media are: 1) the image / photo: The most commonly used 2) sketch: a simple picture or a rough draft that describes the principal without any detail. With the sketch can attract students' attention, avoid verbalisme, and clarify the message. 3) diagram / schematic: a simple picture using lines and symbols to describe the structure of a particular object in outline. For example to study the organization of life until cell organisms. 4) chart / chart: presenting ideas or concepts that are difficult so it is more easily digested students. Also able to provide a summary chart of major points of the presentation. In a chart other common graphic forms, such as: pictures, diagrams, cartoons, or a verbal symbol.

5) graph: a simple drawing using lines, dots, or some form of verbal symbols that describe the quantitative data. For example to study the growth. 2. Media projections 1. OHP Transparency is a tool of teaching face to face true, because the layout remains as usual classrooms, teachers can meet with students (without having to back to the student). Transparency of media devices include software (Overhead Transparency / OHT) and hardware (Overhead projector / OHP). Transparency of media-making techniques, namely: - Taking of print materials with a particular technique - Make yourself manually 2. Film frames / slides are transparent films which generally measure 35 mm and a framed 2x2 inch. In a packet containing several frames of the film separated from each other. Benefits of the film frame is almost the same as OHP transparencies, only the resulting visual quality is better. While the drawback is cost of production and the equipment is more expensive and less practical. Required to present a slide projector. B. AUDIO MEDIA 1. Radio Radio is an electronic equipment that can be used to listen to good news and actual events and can find out some important events and new, the problems of life and so on. Radio can be used as a medium of learning is quite effective. 2. Cassette-audio Discussed here a special audio tapes which are often used in schools. The advantage is an economical medium for the procurement and maintenance costs low.

C. AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA

1. Video Media Is one type of audio visual media, in addition to the film. That many developed for the purposes of learning, usually packaged in the form of VCD.

2. Computer Media This media has all the advantages possessed by other media. Besides able to display text, motion, sound and image, the computer can also be used interactively, not just the direction. Even computers that are connected to the Internet can give freedom to learn through time and space as well as providing a learning resource that is almost without limit.