CHIMBOTE Chimbote is a city on the northeast coast of Peru, capital of the Province of Santa, in the northwest corner of the

Department of Ancash. Located along the Pacific Ocean in El Ferrol Bay at the mouth of the river Lacramarca. Chimbote is known for her port activity that takes place, as well as hosting importantfisheries and siderrgicadel country, besides the commercial hub of the country. In the mid-twentieth century, became the largest fishing port in the world production. With Nuevo Chimbote form a single metropolitan area, the 2007 is the eighth most populous country and most populated of Ancash.

Etymology
Chimbote The word is recorded so early in the mid-colonial era, in 1774, however, its significance has remained unknown to date. In 1924, Enrique Tovar relates: ... for some, it seems a word Mochica, others refer to a tradition that we keep findingbizarre. . It is this: When gentlemen came to Caleta Colorada foreign ... found no boat to move tomore land, which the famous horses of reeds, [...] and on returning to Lima, [...] said, inbad Castilian, have fallen into this port, no boat, shim-boat, Chimbote Enrique Tovar, Promised Land. Chimbote (1924) Early speculation on the etymology of this name comes from Quechua twentieth century.The first is exposed by Cesar Guardia, in 1967: Chimbote [comes] from Chimpu meaning wool or signal fence. According Barranca,chimputi, whose final-ti is a sign pluralizing, means enclosure. And so the port, saysJohn Durand (1921) commenting. He is seen encircled by a ring of hills that give shelter to its beautiful harbor and forming a perfect circle.

Cesar Guardia, Kechua Dictionary (1967)

This explanation is contradicted by its own grammar of Quechua, whether it refers to Quechua Ancash Quechua or classic, never registered as a suffix-ti pluralized. The other approach from the Quechua corresponds to journalists Jos DemetrioGutierrez and Ramos, who in Chimbote through history (1969) accuse the verb chimba,quechuismo from <chimba> Without entering into the formation of the word. According to the linguist Gary Parker (1976), Ancash Quechua tsimpay means 'cross a river', andnosorizacin / p / in the vicinity of /-m / in syllable coda position is known for Quechua,

but remains in the air transformation to / from / in <o>, anomalous, as the same addingte, as well as for reporting Guard.

In 1989, the linguist Willem Adelaar first raised the etymology with appropriate academic treatment, suggesting that Chimbote was a source word chullo, Andean deadlanguage today that is widespread in the highlands of Liberty and north of the SoutheastAncash Cajamarca. In this region, are common place names ending-t, being also othertowns near Chimbote with the same ending-te, a asaber: Macat, Guacata. The root ofthe palabra d would still unknown given that the lexicon was not recorded enough Cullebefore its extinction in the mid-twentieth century.

History
The territory is currently located on Chimbote has been populated by the Moche, Wari,Recuay, Chimu and Inca. The archaeological sites atestimonian Punkur, Paamarca, Huaca San Pedro, El Castillo, San Jos de Moro, among others. It is thought that the same ethnic group settled these lands, the Maya, but the natives were then scatteredand decimated to the events of Conquest of America. In 1774, the book Introduction and Overview of the provinces belonging to the Archbishopric of Lima by Cosme Bueno first appears the name of Chimbote in an official document. The reference tells "... the old town of Santa Maria de la Parrilla (Santa) is next to a fishing village named Chimbote." Ethnography refers to these first settlers and fishermen from the resort of Huanchaco, east of Trujillo, so they calledhuanchaquero. In a brief "History of Chimbote" Enrique Olivera Arroyo, listed a rangeabout the name of Chimbote. The author says that in a pirate maps produced by BasilRingrose, in the year 1682, the name of "Chimbote" these maps are in London at the National Maritime Museum. In 1815, grants the ownership of these lands to the settlersby Martin Plaza Larrabeiti, Deputy Assistant Commissioner of Crown deEspaa, wherethe population barely exceeded one hundred. Its inhabitants are principally engaged in artisanal fishing and cutting wood.

Business growth and development

In 1871 starts the growth of the city with the construction of a railroad to Huallanca by the engineer Henry Meiggs. The following year he was named Puerto greater, so that gives it a customs office and port infrastructure. During the expedition Lynch, episode of the Pacific War, is occupied by the Chilean army finances Change Bridge. As in other occupations, he was required to its owner, Dionisio Derteano, payment of a quota so as not to be carried out looting, but this was impossible, because in addition to requiring a very high figure, the Peruvian Stateclosed banks to avoid estoscupos. As a result, was looted and destroyed the crop, witand all that she had.

Bonanza shooting

In the early 1950s, the port activity is consolidated with the creation of the CorporacinPeruana del Santa, the construction of the hydroelectric power Pato Canyon and the beginning of the steel activities. By this time I was on the outskirts of the city some fish processors. However, it was only in 1960 that began the massive exploitation, largely at the initiative of Luis Banchero Rossi, starting an outflow disturbed due to the high demand for labor.This growth also means the arrival of merchants and services that made the chaotic city growth and disproportionate plans.

Disaster of 1970
The next decade would see the economic downturn due to two factors: overfishing and pollution, industry product that exhausted the shoals of the coast, and climatic factors such as El Nio. Also in 1970, produces the bitter Earthquake of 70, reduced to rubblemuch of the infrastructure and real estate in the city, not counting the numerous deaths inChimbote and the rest of the department

contemporary History
The last decades have been for Chimbote reorganization and management in the process. After the collapse of the fishing industry and a new strong El Nio by 1983turned the interests in agribusiness, tourism and trade. Over the past years have been remarkable efforts to recover the bay and the refurbishment of buildings and public places.

Geography
The two peaks of Huascaran be seen from Chimbote, a distance of 101 km.Surprisingly, the common villager knows that they can see the snowy peaks from your city.

Environment
The city is located in north-central coast of Peru, northeast corner of the Department ofAncash, in north-east coast of the Bay of Chimbote. It is bounded on the north by theCerro de la Juventud and the dunes and other elevations, and east through the countryside and wetlands, irrigated by the river Lacramarca.

Due to its tropical location and the presence of the Andes, Peruvian coast, which is located in Chimbote, has a subtropical desert climate, rainfall almost nil. The temperature ranges between 28 C in summer and 13 C in winter. The winds are constant throughout the year, predominantly south-westerly direction at a speed of 30 to 40 km / h. From the city of Chimbote, especially clear days (May to November) you can see

the mountains Huascaran (in the Cordillera Blanca) eastward, through the passage of Pamparoms and Coocranra (in the Cordillera Negra) in northeast 0.2 Both mountains are the highest in their respective mountain ranges. The Huascaran is the highest point in Peru.

Conservation
The environment has been severely affected chimbotano by irresponsible industrial activity and population explosion: the bay is polluted and the city really has been occupying land of wetlands leading to its reduction.

Extensin
Its natural environment has made the city look a long (maximum in 2010 of 16 km long) and clearly divided into two parts by the river Lacramarca: Chimbote itself to the northwest and southeast Nuevo Chimbote, which in in turn are made up of various neighborhoods known as barrios and shantytowns, about 80 in its entirety. The northwest sector is built right in Old Town (Centre) and three important avenues: Avenida Jose Pardo (starting from the slopes of Cerro de la Juventud with White Island Boulevard, but whose numbers start from St. Peter's Church to reach the southern district of Nuevo Chimbote with the name of Pacific Avenue), the parallel Av Meiggs and perpendicular to both, Galvez Avenue, which becomes lacarretera Pan north. Other important avenues for the articulation of the city is Avenida Francisco Bolognesi, Industrial Avenue and Santiago Antnez de Mayolo, Chimu Av, Av Camino Real, Avenida Alfonso Ugarte, Av Buenos Aires, Av Aviation Avenue Fishermen and others. In this area, located within the district of Chimbote, on the one hand are the Plaza de Armas, the main church in San Carlos Borromeo, El Mercado Modelo, the Nursery, the Ex - Chimbote Railway Station Huallanca, Hospital La Caleta The area of the city, the Estadio Manuel Rivera Sanchez, Terminal Terrestre "The Chimbador" and Industrial Zones Siderper and October 27. The neighborhoods to the north are located on sand dunes and even (eg, Los Pinos, North Slope, June 2, San Pedro, New Generation), while the land nearest the river are former wetlands Lacramarca as Florida, Miraflores, Lord of Miracles, The Trapeze, San Juan, 3 Stars, April 15 and others. It is noteworthy that 13 docks are located along the seashore.
The other sector, Nuevo Chimbote, it was spread mostly on sandy soil and is the latestof both. Mostly residential district in this affluent neighborhood bordering the most depressed young people. In this sector are the Regional Hospital, National University ofSanta, the clubs and pubs, la Catedral Virgen del Carmen and San Pedro which was inaugurated in August 2007 and the airport Jaime Montreuil (CHM). Between the two is called a stronghold of the formerly vast wetlands called Villa Maria, extensive reed beds that provide habitat for migratory birds such as herons and grebes.

Policy

Chimbote is the capital of the province of Santa, Ancash department subdivision. Its metropolitan area is divided between the districts of Chimbote (fencing) and NuevoChimbote. It is the seat of the provincial government and the Superior Court of Santa JudicialDistrict, as well as Costa Health Directorate, created in January 2005

Population
According to the 2007 census, the districts of Cercado de Nuevo Chimbote Chimboteand house 328,983 inhabitants. It is a population composed of migrants, mostly fromcoastal and mountain. Its population experienced a severe demographic explosion in the second half of the twentieth century. Because of these characteristics is also called: the demographic summary of Peru. In the city the predominant language is Castilian Spanish in coastal variant, although asignificant proportion of older migrants Ancash Quechua-speakers in the family.

economy