Tutorial #3

1. Analytically show that Amplitude modulation is a linear modulation while

Frequency modulation is non-linear.

2. An angle modulated signal has form a. b. c. d.

u (t ) = 100 cos[2f c t + 4 sin 2000t ]

where

f c = 10MHz

Determine average transmitted power Determine the peak- phase deviation. Determine the peak- frequency deviation. Is this an FM or a PM signal? Explain.

3. The message signal m (t) = 10sin (400t) frequency modulates the carrier c(t)

=100 cos2f t. The modulation index is 6. a) Write an expression for modulated signal u(t)? b) What is the maximum frequency deviation of the modulated signal? c) What is the power content of the modulated signal? d) Find the bandwidth of the modulated signal?
4. A base-band signal m (t) is the periodic saw-tooth signal shown in figure. Sketch
c

FM(t) and PM(t) for this signal m (t) if c = 2 106, kf = 2000, and kp = /2. Explain why it is necessary to use kp < in this case.

10 -3 1

t -1
5. The message signal m(t) into an FM modulator with a peak frequency deviation fd= 50Hz is as shown below. Plot the frequency deviation in Hz and phase deviation in radian.

6. An angle modulated signal has the form u(t) =100cos[2f t + 4 sin2f t]; where

fc = 10 MHz and fm = 1000Hz. a) Assuming u(t) to be an FM signal, determine the modulation index and the transmitted signal bandwidth? b) Assuming u(t) to be a PM signal, determine the modulation index and the transmitted signal bandwidth?
7. The carrier c(t) =100 cos2f t is frequency modulated by the signal m(t) = 5
c

cos2000t, where f = 10 Hz. The peak frequency deviation is 20 KHz. a) Determine amplitude and frequency of all signal components that have a power level of at least 10% of the power of the unmodulated carrier component. b) From Carsons rule, determine the approximate bandwidth of the FM signal?
8. The carrier c (t ) = A m cos 2 10 6 t is angle modulated (PM or FM) by sinusoid signal m(t ) = 2 cos 2000t . The deviations constant are kp = 1.5 rad/V and kf =3000 Hz/V. a. Determine f and p. b. Determine bandwidth in each case using Carsons rule. c. Plot spectrum of modulated signal in each case. d. If amplitude of m(t) is decreased by factor of 2 and frequency increased by factor of 3, how would answers to parts (a)-(c) change? e. If amplitude of m(t) is increased by factor of 2 and frequency decreased by factor of 2, how would answers to parts (a)-(c) change? 9. An Armstrong modulator is required in order to transmit an audio signal of
c

bandwidth 100 Hz to 15 KHz. The narrow-band phase modulator used for this purpose utilizes an oscillator to provide a carrier frequency fc1= 400 KHz. The output NBPM is multiplied by n1 using a multiplier and passed to a mixer with local oscillator frequency fc2=10.925 MHz. The desired FM wave at the transmitter output has a carrier frequency fc= 90MHz and a frequency deviation of 75 KHz, which is obtained by multiplying the mixer output frequency with n2 using another multiplier. Find n1 & n2. Assume that NBFM produces frequency deviation of 48.8 Hz for the lowest base band signal.
10. Wideband FM can be generated by first generating a narrowband FM signal and then using frequency multiplication to spread the signal bandwidth as shown in figure, known as Armstrong type FM modulator. The narrowband FM signal has a maximum angular deviation of 0.1 radians in order to keep distortion under control. a. If the message signal has a bandwidth of 15 KHz and output frequency from oscillator is 100 KHz, determine the frequency modulation that is necessary to generate an FM signal at a carrier frequency of f c = 104 MHz and a frequency deviation of 75 KHz. b. If the f c of the wideband FM signal to be within 2 Hz, determine the maximum allowable drift of the 100 kHz oscillator.

m(t)

Narrowband FM Modulator

Frequency Multipliers

Wideband FM Signal f c =104 MHz

cos 2fot

f o = 100kHz

Frequency Multipliers