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Disclaimer
The information in this document is believed to accurately describe the technologies addressed herein and are meant to clarify and illustrate typical situations, which must be appropriately adapted to individual circumstances. These materials were prepared to be used in conjunction with a free educational program and are not intended to provide legal advice or establish legal standards of reasonable behavior. Neither Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) nor any of its employees and agents: (1) makes any written or oral warranty, expressed or implied, including but not limited to the merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose; (2) assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any information, apparatus, product, process, method, or policy contained herein; or (3) represents that its use would not infringe any privately owned rights, including but not limited to patents, trademarks or copyrights. Furthermore, the information, statements, representations, graphs and data presented in this report are provided by PG&E as a service to our presented customers. PG&E does not endorse products or manufacturers. Mention of any particular product or manufacturer in this course material should not be construed as an implied endorsement.
2010 Judy Roberson
Drying
Moisture control
Minimum requirements - fans can be larger Based on continuous operation - intermittent fans must be larger CFMs are Delivered
Floor Area (ft2) < 1500 15013000 30014500 45016000 60017500 > 7500
Bedrooms 0-1 30 45 60 75 90 105 2-3 45 60 75 90 105 120 4-5 60 75 90 105 120 135 6-7 75 90 105 120 135 150 >7 90 105 120 135 150 165
If fan doesn't operate at least once every three hours, the Effectiveness factor applies
Example: a fan running 12 hours on (and off) must move 4X as much air, or 300 cfm
Q fan =
Fan cfm =
Qrequired
F"E
!
!
If the home has natural draft combustion appliances, exhaust ow is limited to 15 cfm per 100 ft2 oor area
Example for a 2,000 ft2 house with atmospheric water heater, the sum of kitchen range & dryer exhaust cfm cannot exceed
Doors to attached garage must be weatherstripped Minimize air transfer between adjacent homes
2010 Judy Roberson
Essential for controlling indoor moisture Needed in every 'wet room' If absent, don't work, or too noisy, install ENERGY STAR fans
Quiet (low sone), High efcacy (cfm/Watt) Fluorescent lamps (if any)
Broan-NuTone or Panasonic
Tamarack Airetrak
50 cfm 1 cfm per sq. foot oor area Add for each xture:
Introduces outdoor air Low volume, ~ 100 cfm Continuous Include fans, ducts, controls fans, Important tool for IAQ problems New mechanical design element
Ventilation by Inltration
Leaky house Uncontrolled Unreliable Expensive Drafty Status quo
Mechanical Ventilation
Tight houses Controlled Consistent Affordable Comfortable New paradigm
For a small fan to control indoor-outdoor air ow, the building must be extremely tight
2010 Judy Roberson
ACH50 =
10
Supply
Delivers outdoor air Pressurizes the house
Balanced
Exhaust, supply fans fans move same volume of air at same time Does not affect indoor pressure
2010 Judy Roberson
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Operates continuously Filters, tempers outdoor air before delivery Provides good indoor air distribution Accessible for maintenance
2010 Judy Roberson
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Incoming air cannot be ltered air Negative pressure brings outdoor pollutants indoors Easily disrupted by closed doors Do not use in tight homes with depressurization hazards
2010 Judy Roberson
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More expensive to install & operate; Two fans (exhaust & supply) move same amount of air at the same time Supply fan lters outdoor air Indoor air exhausted from rooms with plumbing; Outdoor air ducted to bedrooms and living areas Two airstreams makes heat recovery possible, which improves comfort Cost-effective only in cold climates Difcult to install properly
2010 Judy Roberson
It Varies Varies
From person to person From house to house In the same house over time
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But inltration can't be relied upon for ventilation If actual inltration is lower than assumed (e.g., if a new home is tighter than average) the home will be under-ventilated wrt 0.35 AC/h
2010 Judy Roberson
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Supply Ventilation
Misconception
Supply ventilation must be integrated with a central forced-air conditioning system
Reality
Supply ventilation can - and should be independent of the forced-air system Unless the blower is variable speed with a brushless permanent magnet (BPM) motor designed to operate continuously and efciently for ventilation only
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cfm OA / Watt
(used by Energy Star)
Watt / cfm OA
(used by CA Title 24)
Ratio best/worst 50 24 12 5 1
Balanced Ventilation
Misconception
Balanced ventilation is best because it maintains neutral indoor pressure
Reality
Balanced ventilation cannot keep other driving forces from de/pressurizing the home Positive indoor pressure is better than neutral Real advantage is ability to recover heat from outgoing air to temper incoming air
2010 Judy Roberson
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Indoors
exhaust supply
exhaust
Summer (air-conditioning) condition is shown Exhaust & supply airstreams cross (but do not mix) Heat is transferred from warmer to cooler airstream
2010 Judy Roberson
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Reality
Two fans use energy instead of one Recovery efciency depends on indoor-outdoor T, which is low in California Heat recovery improves comfort, but is only cost-effective in very cold climates
Reality
An ERV is not a dehumidier In humid weather, ERVs reject outdoor moisture; in cold weather, they retain indoor moisture When indoor air is wetter than outdoor air, an ERV will keep indoor moisture indoors
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Indoors
exhaust supply
exhaust
Helps reject outdoor moisture in humid climates, IF air-conditioner latent capacity controls indoor RH Helps retain indoor moisture in hot dry climates Does NOT get rid of indoor moisture if outdoor air is dryer
2010 Judy Roberson
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Judy Roberson
Residential Building Scientist and Ventilation Consultant Home Office: 925-631-6642 jaroberson@mac.com
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